the royal navy has been beaten. sir george prevost sitting up there at kent-delord sees the colors come down looking over the lake. and when he does, he knows the battle is lost. he knows he no longer has control of the water. he knows he doesn't have the american ships he planned to capture, to take the fleet down the lake. there's no point going on with the battle. the american infantry at this point, there's no point to it at all. he is going to save his troops to fight another day. as a result, sir george withdraws from plattsburgh, pulling his troops out, his three brigades, artillery, his families. they start heading north to canada. the battle is over, the americans have won. winston churchill said that it was the most important battle of the war. it was the most decisive battle of the war of 1812, here. two days later, the british will fight the americans at baltimore. >>> when the naval battle was over and the british withdrew, all that was left were the dead and the wounded and the american forces. out on t

here initially when the german navy was developing u-boats was, again, they were very convinced, and rightly so, that the german high seas fleet really had no comparison to the royal navy. they knew very well that if they were to go into sort of what would be considered a classic naval conflict, the germans wouldn't stand a chance against the british. so they began to develop u-boats with the initial idea that the u-boats would be able to sort of tip the scales a little bit. they could sneak out, sink some of the british capital ships, the big battle ships. they were somewhat successful in doing this but it was never really enough to tip the scales to balance the power to where they could have a real surface engagement. but this is predom flainant by because of the way u-boats were operating in this time. they weren't quite as efficient as they became later into world war ii. they were quite slow underwater and they weren't really operating in concerted is wolfpack tactics like they did in later years. they really kind of had to sit and wait and set up sort of a u-boat trap and you'd have surface vessels that would sort of try to lure the british navy in an area w

the air aknack river they're waiting for the navy. this is a bit of a long story, but this is how we get here. the royal navy was everybody to the british. they used it throughout the caribbean and the united states and in canada. that's what controlled their commerce. they lived on commerce. here on the lake, that commerce had been disrupted. nothing was going up and down the lake to benefit canada or anywhere else. the people here who liter on the lake created a new industry, and this now was a smugglers haven. the british knew to control the water ways they had to take lake champlain. but the lake does end in canada, and up there on the rich lieu river, they build a bot yard that created the largestship that has been on lake champlain. she was a frigate called "the confiance" they had butt a sleep called the lynnant, but now they needed the confiance. there was an american fleet here. it was commanded by lieutenant then master commander then com ocode thomas mcdonough. mcdonough had to build his fleet here on, and down on otter creek, they put together the americans. the american navy then would try

here, initially, when the german navy was developing u-boats was again, they were very convinced and rightly so, that they had the german high seas fleet had no comparison to the royal navy. they knew it would be considered a class ic classic naval confli wouldn't stand a chance against the british. they could sneak out, sink the british capital ships, the battle ships, and they were somewhat successful in doing this, never enough to tip the scales to balance the power where they could have a surface engagement. this is predominantly because of the way uboats were operating at this time. they weren't as efficient as they became later in world war ii. they were quite slow under water, and they couldn't really operating in concerted wolf pack tactics as they did in later years. they had to sit and wait and set up sort of a u-boat trap, and they would have surface vessels that will try to lure the boats in and sink them with torpedos, pretty inefficient. as the war moved on. in 1915, it started to shift into this commerce war. this is a tactic that has been apart of every major conflict. cut off the enemy's supply chain. effective against britain, an island nation, thi

merchant ships that they have every right to grab them off of the merchant ship and cast them into the royal navy potentially for life, and it is this treatment of former british subjects who believe they have become american citizens that is the prime cause of the war, with the secondary cause being american concern over british alliances with native peoples. now, the second migration stream i want to talk about is that of americans, people born within the united states moving into canada. now, of course, we know about the true loyalists who have to go immediately after the war of the american revolution because they have no choice, and about 6,000 such people go to upper canada. many more go to the maritime provinces of nova scotia and new brunswick, and others go to the west indies, and some will go to england, but on top of that migration stream, there's a subsequent and larger migration stream that becomes known as the late loyalists, and these people the 1700s and the first decade of the 19th century, and there are at least going into upper canada for of these people, about 50,000 compared

. >> i saw in one of the  that look said like she was wearing a royal navy uniform. wonder figure you can talk about the relationship with the royal navy and in the split personality and how that impacted the naval race and the tensions in europe. >> that are is the right kind of question to ask here. it's so true. another thing i cut out of the talk so i am pleased. it was an extraordinary thing. these royal colleagues, the three of them were forever exchanging uniforms. they would make each other admirals and their navies. or colonels in the russian army. he was wearing all this sort of thing. it's an extraordinary thing. in william's case, shall we call him william. he is wearing the english admiral's uniform. he was fantastically proud of it. he really was pleased to be it. at the same time he makes fun of it. this is the terrible thing. in the end of course once they are all at war with one another, they have to give each other back. the medals and it's sort of a crazy situation they are in. unavoidable i guess. all the flags had to be taken down. the castle cha

he had done the royal navy 'd aviation me nor yal on the backs of the tems. he had done field marshal at h alexander next to bucking ham palace. i was always an advocate and an admirer of the world war i sculptor. war you all have all seen his work. it's on the corner between hydea park and st. jam's park. just great stuff. i said if you ever wanted to do, something, some sculpture that would resonate with you, he reached back -- i'm in a barn and took a piece of paper off of a nail on the wall and drew a pt stick figure here. it's in roam e roam even if we made the decision right there to do this work, which he did and took several months, we had it cast in scotland, moved the truck down to the royal academy in london. amanda is calling down again. then, we moved it to france. erected it on the monument. it's an hour and a half from notre dame. you've got no excuse not to go down there to see it. g it's beautiful. and it's serene. we've given it to the town and it's four miles from the great wasane cemetery. >> you've been watching c-s,an's american history

he'd done the royal navy memorial on the banks of the tomz. real thing, but i was always an advocate and an admirer of the world war i sculptor, sergeant jagger. you have all seen his work. it's on the corner between hyde park and st. james park next to the duke of we willington. great stuff. and so i saw butler and he -- i told him, i said, look, i'm a devotee of sergeant jagger's stuff. i don't want any modern things. i want to take it back like it was. and i said, if you have in your heart wanted to do something, some sculpture that would resonate with you -- he reached back -- i was in his born up at b banberry. he took a piece of paper off a nail on the wall and drew a stick figure here. i said, it's -- it's in rome. that's mary holding the body of christ. this is the rainbow soldier. he said, i'm not a religious man. he said, i can't call it the rainbow soldier. it's the soldier. and we made the decision right there to do this work, which he did in mud. took several months. we had it cast in scotland. moved it by truck down to the royal

wilhelm, i saw in one of the photographs, it looked like he was wearing a royal navy uniform. lk a little bit about his relationship with the royal navy, again the split personality and how that impacted the naval race and increased tensions in europe. >> that is, of course, the right kind of question to ask here. it's so true. it is another thing i cut out of the talk actually so i'm very pleased because it was an swy extraordinary thing because these royal colleagues, the three of them, were forever exchanging uniforms. they'd make each other admirals in their own -- in their navies. or colonels in the prussian army. there's georgy wearing all this sort of thing. it was an extraordinary thing. in william's case -- we call him william because he's wearing the english admiral's uniform -- he was fantastically proud of it. he really, really was pleased to be it, you see? but at the same time, he makes fun of it. this is the terrible thing. and in the end, of course, once they're all at war with one another, they have to kind of give each other back. you know? the medals and -- i

he'd done the royal navy memorial on the banks of the tomz. i knew he was the real thing, but i was always an advocate and an admirer of the world war i sculptor, sergeant jagger. you have all seen his work. it's on the corner between hyde park and st. james park next to the duke of we willington. great stuff. and so i saw butler and he -- i told him, i said, look, i'm a devotee of sergeant jagger's stuff. i don't want any modern things. i want to take it back like it was. and i said, if you have in your heart wanted to do something, some sculpture that would resonate with you -- he reached back -- i was in his born up at b banberry. he took a piece of paper off a nail on the wall and drew a stick figure here. i said, it's -- it's in rome. that's mary holding the body of christ. this is the rainbow soldier. he said, i'm not a religious man. he said, i can't call it the rainbow soldier. it's the soldier. and we made the decision right there to do this work, which he did in mud. took several months. we had it cast in scotland. moved it by truck

now ready to welcome the prizewinners into the hall are for trumpeters from the royal navy band. guests started to arrive about an hour ago and have had time to admire the art in the hall. here is the official norway, prime minister. several other members of the norwegian cabinet. and many parliament members. there are some of the artists to be presented tomorrow at the traditional nobel concert. and so the families of the recipients, father, mother, brother. so on that side, here is the family. also present. and now waiting for the procession. procession. the beautiful norwegian art examples in the hall. the big oil painting. important happenings in norwegian history. welcomed back to norway in 1945 after world war ii. on the other side of the hall, the fresco from norwegian working life. the norwegian royal family are arriving. an old tradition that the royal family is present at the ceremony, again, being welcomed by the leader and secretary of the nobel committee. his majesty, her majesty, queen sonja, and arriving. the 49 bells 49 bells play an important role in today's cere

now ready to welcome the prize winners into the hall are four trumpeters from the royal navy band. rst guests started to arrive about an hour ago and have had time to admire the norwegian art in the hall. here is the official norway on the left in the hall, prime minister, and several other members of the norwegian cabinet and many parliament members. here are some of the artists to be presented tomorrow at the traditional nobel concert. and so the families of the recipients recipients, malala yousafsai's father, mother, and brothers. so on that side, where the friends on the right side of the hall, here is the family of kailash satyarthi, also present. and now we're waiting for the procession with the recipients to come in. there are beautiful norwegian art examples in the hall. the big painting dominates the world in the south. important happenings in norwegian history are depicted. on the other side of the hall, scenes from norwegian working life. now the norwegian royal family are arriving at the city hall. it is an old tradition that the royal family's presence at this ceremony

>> i saw -- continuing with wilhelm, i saw in one of the photographs, it looked like he was wearing a royal navy uniform. i was wondering if you could talk a little bit about his relationship with the royal navy, again the split personality and how that impacted the naval race and increased tensions in europe. >> that is, of course, the right kind of question to ask here. it's so true. it is another thing i cut out of the talk actually so i'm very pleased because it was an extraordinary thing because these royal colleagues, the three of them, were forever exchanging uniforms. they'd make each other admirals in their own -- in their navies. or colonels in the prussian army. it was an extraordinary thing. in william's case -- we call him william because he's wearing the english admiral's uniform -- he was fantastically proud of it. he really, really was pleased to be it, you see? but at the same time, he makes fun of it. this is the terrible thing. and in the end, of course, once they're all at war with one another, they have to kind of give each other back. you know? the medals and -- it's a sort

for more, let's bring in greg keely, retired lieutenant commander in the royal australian navy and former counterterrorism adviser to the australian federal police. great to have you on "the real story" today. i know you have an interesting theory about this gunman and what you his true motivations might have been. what? >> well, gretchen, thank you for having me on, firstlism i think it's important to understand the geography of where this attack took place. right by that coffee shop is the reserve bank of australia. in fact, it's in the same building. the reserve bank, of course, is exactly the same inns duke as the federal reserve here in the united states. a block away is the premiere's office, which is the same as having the governor of new york's office down the street. the three or four major bank in australia all within a block, as is the u.s. consulate it strikes me that this individual, this islamist terrorist was busted, if you like, by the female citizen, civilian that called the police and fled, rightly so. he then had to adapt his plan and look at a target of opportunity, a

the basic german tactic here isd to try to cutoff the shipping sp andpi also will be a is you sanu to theri royal navy surface flei during this time, having the perspective ofpect getting into war is on the fence. the germans were on a good will merchant was designed as a way for the germans to break the blockate and run out and get ace away from the oil surface vessels and carry out commerce. that's not enough to be be effective at large scale commerce. but it was a wayal of saying to oth others that we are getting supplies through. supplie we have these things going on. they came to the u.s. in the hl" summer of 1916 and it was 1916. greeted to a lot of fanfare.lebe they were considered and sailed into the chesapeake bay for the weeks. this campaign went on to win the heards and minds of america. they engage with germany and that went over well until ther november when another merchant t submarine came on there after they began sinking ships. that's good with the country.ol #vhere shortly thereaf after, the u boo starts to come to the u.s. we will talk a little bit along the east coast and focus on

captioning performed by the national captioning institute, [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] >> any questions? yes? >> what determined whether [inaudible] royal navy ships would be refurbished in halifax nova scotia, or down in the caribbean? they took them out of the combat zone in new york and boston and philadelphia. did one specialize in one kind of muscle? -- one kind of vessel? >> they could refit ships in new york. there was some capacity to do that. on the whole, the capacity was greater in antigua. and in port royal, jamaica, then in places like halifax. to large parts of the year, the ice and weather conditions in canada really precluded ships -- to be repaired. and the facilities were much better in the islands. i think in places like halifax and new york were used for emergency repairs. after the battle of the chesapeake, the admiral took his flle back to new yok. one of the reasons they were not able to turn back to yorktown was the time that the repairs were taking. >> [inaudible] -- invest in trying to get the colonies to join the original 3. >> that is a good question. was there any attempt by the 13 colonies to lobby or engage the

the individual concerned is obviously, was obviously, a deeply-disturbed person. deeply disturbed person. there was nothing consistent about this individual's life. except that he was consistently weird. >> i'm joined now by royal oust trailian navy lieutenant commander retired and former senior advisor to the australian federal police, greg kel lift he joins us from washington. thanks for joining us. we mourn with the australians. we've been here ourselves before. what is your reaction when you hear that response from the prime minister? it sounds like they're sort of downplaying the association with islamic fundamentalism. >> heather, good morning. thank you for having me on today. prime minister abbott immediately after he convened his national security council in front of the press and said, this is an act of politically-moat motivated terrorism, this terrorist attack in sydney. we subsequently learned that terrorist or perpetrator in the act was a known islamist agitator in sydney. he was known to the security services, to the ago, australian federal police, to the new south wales police and he went and carried out an act of terrorism within sydney. heather: lots of folks here are asking why wasn't he on any kind of watch li

lieutenant colonel in the british royal air force and former adviser to uk defense, and joining us jim cavanaugh, a retired atf special agent in charge and former hostage negotiator and navy s.e.a.l. commander dan o'shea who ran the hostage working group in iraq and is now vp for kidnap and ransom at grom technologies. jim, let me start with you, tktically when the police there encountered this situation where you have a coffee shop where there are several folks there being held hostage by a gunman who you don't know what they're going to do when he moves in, how do the police deal with that situation to make sure that there is no loss of life that can be possibly avoided? >> well, they're trying their best not to lose any hostages' lives, clearly, toure. but it's a very difficult situation for them because the hostage taker has the power over the people he's holding. he has the power to kill them. that's basically all the power he has. he's trying to grab other power like, you know, news media, get out his word or through the internet. his real power and the power that's in the seesaw with the police is the power over the lives of the people present. so, the commander, t

the courage of an army, a lion in all seasons. he wanted his newspaper to be like the navy destroyer he served on in world war ii, make a big bow waves and leave a royally-- ben prowled the newsroom in search of news, gossip, the hidden but emerging truth. he did not observe boundaries. they were for others. schedules for those who would miss the moment. ben studied the classics in college. it was a mild effort by all accounts, but he absorbed the central truth about the greek heroes, strong, leaderly reckless at times, full of doubt and others, successful, yet men who wept tears as most men no longer do. but ben cried easily at the slightest hint of sorrow in a movie or in life. he was in search of the large truth, not just the facts which he was devoted to, but he was looking for the deep emotional struggles he knew were in the great events that moved history. he perceived that there was a thin threshold between flaw and fatal flaw. as a result, he was with all that sternness and swagger and self-conferred, a for giving man, he -- self-confidence, a for giving man, he understand human frailty, an innocent and unthinking unintentional mistake was forgi

the navy and the army. he took great space for the air force and then the royal canadian air force. anyways, it's absolutely fascinating. >> a-alpha, b-bravo, whatever, charlie. do you have a chart that was a u.s. version. >> the british version. >> in the german version. i thought the choice of names was really fun. sometimes they were the same like eating and keying. but the german ones -- >> the journals were on time, bruno, feature, doro. in fact, they even have a word that eludes me -- >> there is a thriller out called whiskey tango foxtrot. those are three of the code words in the british side of it. so there's a lot you can learn from this book that i found completely fascinating. i marked a couple of things. you've got all kinds of extra stuff in here like d-day movies in the d-day museum and the fact they didn't destroy the tapestry, even though they might well have because of the headquarters and so forth. the other thing i saved was your entry on john ford, which we've are talked about in which i love. he got a presidential medal of freedom. i was reading "the new york ti

it shows the culmination of the battle, when the royal navy had finally closed with the americans, and they fought it out only 300 yards apart for an hour and a half. there were some 90 guns firing at the same time, and the noise disorienting that the sailors were unable to figure out what was going on. they began to load the canons one ball after the other after the other until they had so many cannonballs that the balls rolled out at -- the end of the barrel. cloud of was a huge smoke out on the battlefield, and at the very end of the naval battle, the british struck their colors. that was seen by the general who was sitting up on the hill, and when he saw that happen there was no point in going on any longer. he recalled the army and the next day, they left and went back to canada. the battle was over. he planned to come and fight again in the spring. the soldiers were never seen here again in the united states. >> you are watching american history tv, 48 hours of programming on american history every weekend on c-span 3. follow us on twitter for

the courage, fidelity, and skill of the royal and american navies have no brighter page in our histories of june 6th, 1944. ♪ ♪ ♪ >> back in london only a few people knew. it was a well-kept secret. around day break we were told to be at the ministry of information at 8:00. then they told us. ♪ >> they called our beach omaha. don't ask me why. i never been to omaha. if it's anything like omaha france, you can have it. i understand omaha was the roughest spot. we lost some good men took a few prisoners. it was a lousy trade. western told what to expect. wasn't a surprise or anything but when it really happens, it's different. for a while there we were pinned down but a lucky thing, the other beaches were going better so we got a little more than our share of the old teamwork. navy come in the air guys and finally we got moving good. you hear a lot about how long it takes to make battle hardened soldiers out of green troops. listen, i got to be a veteran in one day, that day. >> and so they paved the beaches with our blood and lurched across the dunes and refd the roads. in the depths of r