the same time, enforcement has been significantly strengthens between ports of entry. ports of entry themselves have lagged behind and could become a leak -- a weak link in the southwest border enforcement. the need for land-border ports enforcement is not able to deal with the technology advancements i have deals with more effective crossing. as the southwest land border enforcement and prove, what we are going to see is an increasing share of the unauthorized population in the united states to the extent that it continues to exist being made up of a visa over-stayers. that would also likely changed the ethnic and nationality makeup of the unauthorized population because it would be far less people coming from mexico and central america and more from people around the world. i am actually almost finished. [laughter] the next one we talked about it is travel and visa screening. that is a subset of border enforcement. it has become successful as well. it is heavily dependent on data issues an improvement. i will skip the trouble screen and go to the debt issue improvement that is a third pillar that is a relatively new dimension. the changes that have taken place rise to the level of being a killer because

the sustained level of resource infusions that have taken place for border enforcement have allowed for significant changes in enforcement practices. instead of the revolving door, which is of course the enduring image of southwest land border enforcement, what is happening now is that the border patrol is employing enforcement tactics that imposes consequences beyond simple voluntary return on almost everyone that is arrested at the southwest border. the purpose, they say, is to break smuggling cycles and to disrupt the networks that sustain illegal immigration and the effort is to separate the illegal migrant from the smuggler and thereby raise the cost. examples of consequence enforcement are lateral repatriation. you get arrested in one place, you get put in a place far away. expedited removal, which is in wide scale spread use now at the southwest border. operation streamline which is something that many of you have heard about. but the result is that whereas in the past we basically had a set of practices at the southwest border where 90% of the people arrested were voluntarily returned and therefore this revolving door pattern of behavior. that is now entirely flipped. voluntary return is the exception. it is