both would take the soviet union to its glorious future. think even at this time of the 1960's soviet cosmic enthusiasm was already having a kind of small version of what i think of as looking at the past. this has an important function creating an origins narrative, a prehistory or childhood, with appropriate father figures like konstatin, the founding -- it also had its own adolescent trauma. this unlimited contingency from the story and gave cosmic enthusiasm a forward motion geared toward a singular goal the conflicted the utopia socialism with spaceflight. the past was as important as the future since the past gave the program form and narrative structure but also produced dead heroes. their lives could be molded into being useful for thing about the future. i believe the bundling of the past and future simultaneously was seated in the space culture during the era of gagarin. many citizens were bursting with optimism for the cosmos but later in the 1970's the popular fascination with space achievements began to wane. these threads of th

what is rather interesting about the first time the soviet union on terms of the nuclear capabilities to the united states of america. >> there was a missile gap between the united states and the soviet union the missile gap was there but not in favor of washington. and he wanted to deal with that and they don't have enough strategic, they had enough of range in that way in which the american puritans. that is one of the reasons why happened in 1962 and in 1956,. >> there was a nuclear imbalance in 1962 and christopher wanted to address it, do you think you have other motivations and about the defense of the cuban revolution which castro suddenly considered to be under threat in the united states and christoph as well. >> absolutely. i was trying to keep my answers written short it was an important part of the story. in concern that you most live by in the mission in the western hemisphere is adapted from the united states and after the bigger things that happened in april they believe it's a matter of time before he would put his act together and there would be an issue. if he convin

the soviet union -- i feel the narrative of the soviet union of the bolsheviks, that is the not the animal. that's why we have pom tettive authoritarianism like democracy, but it's not clear the history of no experience with democracy is going to say about the future. [inaudible] -- repression and -- i think what is important for me in think about the book was the role of history in defining contemporary theory. this is a fantastic book for someone like me, who want to learn about russia. thanks a lot for the invitation. >> thank you, vicki, for those insights and comments and questions. tim you have five minutes to respond to all these questions. i'll ask that you respond to the most difficult questions first. >> thanks a lot. first, really terrific set of comments. this is the first book panel that i've done, and it's really terrific to get these comments. some of which i anticipated in the writing and some that are new. let me start with keith's comment about why his discourse is so debased on russia and there is a lot of that debate lurking in the browns in the book and i don't really

special exhibition today here in berlin. men, women, and children, victims of the nazis war on the soviet union. 27000000 soviet citizens died. 14000000 of them were civilians. the opening ceremony of the special ed submission in berlin, german president, franklin sustained my a paid tribute to them. the daughter taking the weight on the german war against the soviet union was murderous barbarity. as difficult as we may find it, we must call this mind and then remembering this inferno absolute enmity and the act of dehumanizing the other in the long run visas and found on absolute remembering. this continues to be an obligation for us, germans and long life. and memorials before the world, when david and mamma, according to stein maia, germany has so too long, failed to recognize the many victims in the occupied east. that the nazis took almost $6000000.00 soviet prisoners of war over the course of 4 years. they were treated brutally, they were executed, our staff to death. more than 3000000 soviet prisoners of war died, making them one of the largest group of nazi victims. but in berlin, the o

murrow asked me question after question about the soviet union. about soviet youth, their religion, their education. did they have an apartment, what was it like with in-laws ? he wanted to know everything about the soviet union which was our principal adversary in the midst of the cold war. and after we spoke for three hours, he put his arm on my shoulder as we walked out. he said by the way, how would you like to work for cbs? it took me all of three seconds i think to say yes sir. i'll be here and that is the way he hired me and his description of them is so perfect because he did often look as if he carried the weight of the world on his shoulders and he probably felt that wayto . but he also felt that he had an obligation to convey reality. no matter how tough it might be to hear. and they will decide what it is that has to be done. our job as a reporter was simply to provide them with the information. they can then use the information as they choose. murrow took that very seriously. >> you mentioned he spoke german, you speak russian and are

he came in vowing to destroy the soviet union and came to a deal with the soviet union to dismantle large stockpiles of nuclear weapons. that is what a great president does is that they can adapt in these situations, but one of the things i wanted to ask you about, i have a comment before asking my question, but i am a historian myself. there is a long history. the reactionary right was opposed to the alliance with the soviet union. there is a lot of continuity to the present day from the 20th century reactionary rights. today, our contemporary republican party has been taken over by the reactionary right. when it comes to former president trump, who is not really an intelligent person, given his public statements, if we go off of his public statements, he does not strike me as someone very intelligent. one thing he has been very effective in doing is turning the republican party into the party of white grievance, which is very concerning to me because white people in this country, for the most part, control the wealth. they control the power positions, and when i look around my arkansas

exchange of use and a way of keeping open channels of communication between the united states and the soviet unions the serious situation in laos, of increasing concern to the people's of the world. the soviet union would have to show whether it supported a satisfactory settlement in laos, where communist-backed factions were continuing hostilities against the royal government. president kennedy reported a measure of agreement in vienna. president kennedy: both sides endorsed the concept of a neutral and independent laos, much in the manner of burma and cambodia. end of critical importance to the current conference in laos and geneva, both sides recognize the importance of an effect of cease fire. narrator: the second meeting was held at the soviet intimacy. president kennedy expressed america's desire on nuclear test controls and disarmament. mr. cruz jeff insisted on a veto of controls, and led mr. kennedy to express disappointment. president kennedy: in short, our hopes for an end to nuclear test in an end to the spread of nuclear weapons and a slowing down of the arms race have been struck a s

the soviet newspaper. for the first time, the people of the soviet union and could read the views of a american leader in fullite the pressures of official duty, the president was able to enjoy the pleasures of family life. his two small children became favorites of the cameramen. caroline had her fourth birthday in late november and baby brother john had his first a few days earlier. here's caroline as she tried to snag a few extra moments with her busy father. kennedy planned urgent new moves in international trade late in the year to gain the support of the business community, the address the national association of manufacturers. >> gentlemen, the world of trade is no longer the same. some 90% of the free world industrial production may soon be concentrated into big markets. the united states of america and an expanded european common market. >> he also went before united states labor to tell the country's need for his new trade proposals. here he talks at a meeting in florida. >> european market is a tremendous market. it has more people than we do, it's rate of growth is twice ours, its income is about

and you'd expect the soviet union to do that. >> sure. and, of course, that's the image that most americans have of the atomic bomb, that mushroom cloud the pilots of the enola gay saw as they dropped the bomb on hiroshima, but not the devastation it did on the ground. >> particularly the radiation burns. that's what they did not want people to see. >> right. what do you want people to take away from this book? >> oh, the horrors of nuclear war. that's really the agenda here as far as we're concerned. there are two agendas. one is that we exist to provide this information and material for research and teaching, and that's -- we leave it up to the people to use our collections to come to whatever conclusions they want. we don't tell anybody what to think, they should make their conclusions. but me personally, i have to say, think it's important we educate our younger generations about the effects of nuclear war. in japan we all agreed that we had a common enemy. we're friends now. we're allies now, and we have a common enemy. the common ene

so 30 years after the collapse of the soviet union for having this conversation and as i will explain it is a bit surprising to be having this conversation given the starting point of where russia was in 1991. is russia global power? most people would probably say no. i will try to convince you otherwise it is the policy of the united states not to recognize crimea as part of russia but part of the ukraine that defective it has become a part of russia business 2015 and effective mobilization on the part of the russian to fundamentally changing the facts on the ground and working with iran to work with assad in syria and 2016th us presidential election interference with the brexit referendum in $2,177,000,000 as she prepared for her bid for the presidency continuous buzzing of warships right up until now. with russian planes and in 2018 and 2019 the promotion of populism in eastern europe and beyond and most recently in 2020 the software hack russian hackers working for the russian government plant code into the software of this popularly used within the united states government and fo

so already here, the soviet union is crumbling. fusionism has more or less accomplished its purpose, and yet these bromides of liberalism, of liberalism, these notions that enlightenment liberalism, rationalism, is the conservative answer, kind of what george h. w. bush is getting at their in the new world speech. they start to take hold to the exclusion, perhaps, of the russell kirk, burkeian, traditionalist and more nationalist strand of thought. that happened. in response to the follow the soviet union, there were any number of conservative thinkers who said, it is time to readjust and get back to a slightly different conception of conservatism. of course, there was pat buchanan, ross perot to an extent. pat buchanan had the paleo -conservative movement, noted primarily for its strictness on immigration and trade. really isolationist-leading policy. he was the leader who was saying that it was time to readjust after the fall of the soviet union and get back to a more humbler, super-traditional form of conservatism. as my friend a

the soviet — relationship. hysterically the soviet union— relationship. hysterically the soviet union was _ relationship. on the homicide and leadership still— israel on the homicide and leadership still needs - israel on the homicide and . leadership still needs hamas israel on the homicide and - leadership still needs hamas in moscow— leadership still needs hamas in moscow but— leadership still needs hamas in moscow but somebody - leadership still needs hamas in moscow but somebody who - leadership still needs hamas in. moscow but somebody who likes leadership still needs hamas in- moscow but somebody who likes to go after his— moscow but somebody who likes to go after his opponents _ moscow but somebody who likes to go after his opponents abroad _ moscow but somebody who likes to go after his opponents abroad and - moscow but somebody who likes to go after his opponents abroad and out. after his opponents abroad and out and putin— after his opponents abroad and out and putin has— after his opponents abroad and out and putin has this _ after his opponents abroad and out and putin has this institution -

this time it was the soviet union that needed his help. by now, 1920, the russian civil war was ending, and what had once been widespread hunger was now famine. hoover had taken a position in president warren c. harding's incoming cabinet providing him an opportunity to arrange relief for the united states. a series of humanitarian disasters had hit russia by 1921, including world war, civil war, revolution, the collection organization of agriculture, the persecution of wealthy peasants and a drought had intensified disastrous conditions. vladimir lenon knew that the fledgling communist movement needed food for the urban masses in order to lend legitimacy to the communist movement. any organization or idealogy that could not even feed its own people was doomed to failure. thus the communists constantly ravages the countryside, stealing grain from the royal pea the peasants. the peasants decided since the fields would be stolen, anyway, why plant it? so the fields remained few unplanted. few draft animals or pets remained because most were c

and i think the reality of the soviet union and the bolsheviks that is why we cover these regimes but it's not clear the history of no experience to democracy is going to save. there's soviet repression and terror but what was absent for me in thinking about the book was the role of history and the contemporary theory but this is a fantastic book for those who want to learn about russia. thanks a lot for the invitation. >> thank you for the insights and comments and questions. according to the schedule you have five minutes to respond to all of these questions. i'm going to ask that you respond to the most difficult questions first. >> thanks a lot. terrific. this is the first panel. let me start with the comments about why the discourse is based on russia and there is a lot of that debate lurking in the background of the book and i don't really take it head-on and that was a conscious decision because i was afraid that would reinforce the kind of polarization and compel me into one camp or another. there's a lot of stuff for each side of the divide. they won't like it but learned

we spoke for three hours, he asked me question after question about the soviet union, the soviet youthhe religion, their education when they got married and they had an apartment what was it like with in-laws he wanted to know everything about the soviet union which was our principal adversary in the midst of the cold war. after we spoke for three hours he put his arm on my shoulder as we walked out, he said by the way how would you like to work for cbs. it took me all of three seconds to say yes, sir, i will be here and that's the way that he hired the deep description's of him is so perfect and he did look as he carried the weight of the world on his shoulders and he probably felt that way too. but he felt that he had an obligation to convey reality, no matter how tough it might be to air to the american people and they will decide and what it is they have done. your job as a reporter to provide information they commend you to use information as they chose. >> you mentioned that dick spoke german and you speak russian and the russian studies as is your wife madalyn, tell us about the

of the you you said iran the border between iran and soviet union? well, i think one of the first things that has to happen is for stability has got to be in iran itself to establish a government that can speak as a government for iran and part of our problem in all these long 44 days has been the inability of anyone seemingly to speak for that nation to have a government now. i think that any country would want to help another if they really showed an intent to have a government that would abide by international law. and do what they could to help them in that regard, but until such a thing appears apparent there. i don't know that there's anything we can do. and now no i young lady mr. president if it's your intention to signal the world that this country will respond with swift retribution in cases of international terrorism in the future. why is it your policy not to retaliate against iran? but what good? just revenge due and what what? form, would that take? i i don't think revenge is worthy of us. on the other hand i don't think we act as if thi

they are now conflicts between some of the countries that used to belong to the same blocks to the soviet union. if you take the military conflict between russia and ukraine, for example, or the fact that the baltic states, some of them have now, they have now joined the european union. and so in fact, today's event was also overshadowed by the conflict between russia and ukraine before the event, the ambassadors of 7 out of 15 of the countries that another successes of soviet republic said that they were boy caught today's events. because they say germany is not differentiating enough. and for that germany equates the soviet union too often with what is modern. russia wasn't a russia alone. so is that going to change then what concrete actions is germany taking? well, it is baby steps of course and is like, i say the process did start off the gemini unification and high ranking politicians in germany have tried to stop by actually going to those places going to those prisoner of war camps. presidents time my himself with foreign minister before he became president and in that position he was,

health insurance because of the law. germany as marking 18 years since the nazi invasion of the soviet union. the surprise attack on june 22nd 1941 would become the biggest and bloodiest front in world war 2 and end in nazi germany is complete destruction. by the end of the war and estimated 27000000 soviets, citizens died, including 14000000 civilians. from the beginning operation, barbara hall, such as the invasion was cold, was conducted as a war of the elation the germans also treated soviet prisoners of war brutally. they were executed, starve though, died and forced marches from the front lines. the nazis took some 5700000 soviet prisoners war. over the course of 4 years estimated that more than 3000000 soviet p o w died, making them one of the largest groups of nazi victims and germany president has been marking that somewhere anniversary. here in berlin today. frank frank, by the stand by i attended a ceremony at the german russian museum in the capital in his speech. done my address criticism from forms soviets, republics, like the frame and values that them millions of victims in w

with the russian and soviet union at the time with afghanistan. the 1984 the soviet union boycott of the olympic games in l.a. in response to the us government invasion of grenada. before certain this book i was well aware of how the nation fits receive their relations. this book exposes me to it a whole new -- as "soccer diplomacy" in itself. which is speaking to how nonstate actors like the ilc, it means in communication and the association. like the media, sponsors, and in particular competitions. that was an eye-opener for me. and i think that concept when it comes to "soccer diplomacy" early enablers to see. and people like jack could have an opportunity to influence the fortunes of bigger nations and soccer. until leverage of for interest in soccer. true "soccer diplomacy", we see how the entire world system in general and one system in particular can be turned on its head is the opportunity to influence the running of things the influence of decision-making, to influence who gets whatever political tournament, the big men's world cup competi

he did that often with many issues in his career and one of them was with the cold war and the soviet union. immediately after the war, he was a big far of the soviet union and of stalin. in a sense, they had kind of rescued the allied cause. they had sacrificed some for victory in world war ii. and he really resented the idea that our country would go to war with that ally. by about today which is the 75th anniversary of winston churchill's iron curtain speech, mauldin was beginning, by about the iron curtain speech, he was beginning to understand that the soviet union was a problem. and that their imperialism, their squelching of human rights, free speech, they couldn't be trusted. he kind of reluctantly became a moderate cold warrior burks he was never virulent anti-communist. as you can see from this cartoon, he disliked anti-communist very much like the house on american activities committee. he loved calling them the un-american committee for the investigation of activities. you can see the congressman says, where is that sign painter? there's actually -- mauldin put a nazi eagle unde

what happened in europe yet after the collapse of the soviet union, there were hopes that, that miracle, the european miracle could be repeated. that europe and the, the, the, you, as a saw, they could also set aside the differences. they could rule to choose interdependence rather than competition. but unfortunately, it was not to be because of nato's expansion. eastwards it was the box movement eastwards which by the way, begun when the soviet leadership was actually persuaded to accept the united germany as session to nato. the attendants, the main reason for the rapid increase in mutual mistrust in europe. many countries of port before the artificial choice of either been with a collective west or with russia in fights. it was an ultimatum. since 1999 there being 5 more knit waves of needs who expansion eastwards towards russia, that you hear you can. it depends on who you talk to next, but on the side of that side they'll tell you different things. but ultimately it all revolves this collapse of understanding between russia and the west. it all revolves ultimately you could trace b

this time it was the soviet union that needed his help. by now, 1920, the russian civil war was ending, and what had once been widespread hunger was now familiar in. hoover had taken a position in president warren g. harding's incoming cabinet, providing him the opportunity to arrange relief from the united states. a series of humanitarian disaster had hit russia by 1921, including world war, civil war, revolution, the collect viization of agriculture, the persecution of wealthy peasants or and a drought had intensifies disastrous conditions. vladimir lennonknew that the communist movement needed food for the urban masses in order to lend legitimacy to the communist movement. any organization or ideology that could not even feed its own people was doomed to failure, thus, the communist ravaged the country side, stealing grain, and transporting to the cities. the peasants decided that if tall of their grain was stolen anyway, why bother to plant it, so they left their fields unplanted. the peasants had even eaten the seed corn and few draft

the soviet union would have to show -- serious situation in laos, where communist backed factions wereilities against the royal government. president kennedy reported a measure of agreement in vienna. >> both sides embraced the concept of a neutral and independent mouse -- laos. critical important to the current conference on laos and geneva, both sides respected the importance of a cease-fire. >> president kennedy expressed desire for effective nuclear test controls and a disarmament agreement. >> in short, our hopes for and to nuclear tests and nuclear weapons, for some slowing down of the arms race, have been struck by blow. on the subject of germany and berlin, i made it clear to nikita gustav -- nikita khrushchev that we are deeply involved. we are determined to maintain rights of any westerner. the people of west berlin have the right to choose their own future. >> president kennedy himself. >> it was a sober two days. there was no discourtesy and no loss of temperance and no threats. no advantage of concession was either gained or given. no major decision was planned or taken. n

we talk about, you know, political rights and then the soviet union would talk. oh yeah. all right. well, we may not be great. the political right. but we've got economic and social rights that you don't have. so you know, everyone, everyone has a job. everyone has a house. and so you know, we care, but people go to the west dismissed that argument because west was more prosperous . so be going to say, well, we do better at this than you do, but i mean it became of the west and a lot of fun with it in the days of the this is the so when you have them, say, gaskin done. yeah. and then you had, of course, also yes, and the san are already go. there's a lot of people are being prosecuted for what for their political views. i mean, they've done their committed no crime. they were opposed to the government and it was the, you know, the west just had a lot of fun with that. and the soviet union really didn't have a very good onset of that. that has changed because now russia very good onset. i mean for instance, i mean we talked about this for roman protection, it's now growing brother dav

the soviet needed. would topcoat discussion with the serious disk discussion in laos, of increasing concern in the peoples of the world. these actions, at the soviet union supported the satisfactory settlement in laos, for a communist factions were considered wing hostilities against the royal government. president kennedy reported a measure of agreement in vienna. >> both sides endorsed the concept of a mutual independent allows. much in the manner of cambodia. and a critical importance to the conference on laos and geneva, both sides recognized the importance of an effective -- >> the second meeting was held at the soviet embassy, president for detective nuclear controls on the summit of agreement. mr. khrushchev insistence on over controls and on having dishonor me receive an inspection lead mr. kennedy to express -- >> our hopes for end of nuclear, for men of nuclear weapons and for some slowing down of -- have been strapped with love. on the subject of germany, berlin. i made it clear to mr. khrushchev that the security of western europe, and therefore our own security are not involved. and our -- with the likes of those, not on sufferance. and it

defeated the soviet union, but russia never really moved on. hat he is still dealing with. that he wants to recover from. that russia never was able to get over the humiliation of the cold war. now the united states wants to move into a more cold war russi reclaiming past glory, reclaiming past position. and then don't forget one other thing which is the personal position of vladimir putin. some call him the richest man in the world. he's accused the democrats, he's accused specifically hillary clinton, of trying to overthrow him. he wants to stay in power. so he has russia's interests at heart but also vladimir putin's interests at heart. and he has been cracking down on dissidents in a major way. there were new laws passed in russia effectively making him president for life, so there is the putin president of russia, and there is putin who wants to defend what putin has. >> a newsy 25 minutes or so on "msnbc reports." we learned when vladimir putin will arrive tomorrow. when you will see the coverage of the summit unfold. for now expected like

. >> i went to vienna to meet the leader of the soviet union, mr. khrushchev. met in sober, intensive conversation. mr. khrushchev and i had a full and frank exchange of views on the issues that now divide our two countries. i want to present him directly, realistically, with an opportunity for discussion and clarification. >> as president kennedy said in his report, this was not a summit meeting, but rather, and -- rather, an informal exchange of views and a way of keeping open channels of communication between the united states and the soviet union. one topic of discussion was the serious situation in laos. -- where communist backed factions were continuing hostilities against the royal government. president kennedy reported a measure of agreement in vienna. >> both sides endorsed the concept of a neutral and independent laos, much in the manner of burma or cambodia, and of critical importance to the current conference in laos and geneva, both sides respected the importance of a cease-fire. >> the second meeting was held at the soviet embassy. president kenne

reagan quote that the shift that he made, as he compared to his predecessors in dealing with the soviet union, was that he actively -- he went ahead and talked about the fact that the soviets and communism was not something to be completed with, was not something to coexist with him, it was something that we had to prevail upon. and i think, again, that was the shift that actually left to the west's victory in the cold war. and again, i think it's going to take that type of approach as we move through the 21st century with the threat that the ccp is. >> so mark, what do you think that the world wants from america under this new president? what -- in particular in a soft power context -- what is the world looking for? >> well, look. it's consistency. i think -- and steve, you have served at the very top of the state department and you know the challenge that our allies want above all these predictability, which stretches across administrations. and we are used to, you know, a pretty sort of consistent, predictable model of american leadership that was bipartisan in nature -- of course they wer

but i'm going to was out of the soviet union collapsed to the vaccination. the social systems day legal . jimmy died out and with some of the issues we are discussing now. well, we have to revise them shift for william club, which will be investing heavily in this area. we've allocated more a sizable amount of money to contract. sure. object in the re have system. so that we will have all the equipment because we have foss cover it. we have, it requires some, you know, show equipment. we're going to have for the 3 system, your blood vessels. and therefore, if you need to, we didn't have access to special equipment, but it look of allocated the money for the money that those people demanded. and i don't know why not with the concrete missile, which i think we can look at each separate case individually, and they will find them as much as you want. we can contact the author the question from only we'll try to contact him during our session. i think we can do that now. the money we did, and i mentioned to him, we've allocated that money in this system is being

the u.s. and soviet union. in the book mercury rising, watchful tv this weekend on "c-span2". >> american history tv on c-span three, exploring the people and events that tell the american story every weekend, saturday at 8:00 p.m. eastern, on lectures in history. northeastern university professor william fowler on early atlantic exploration it, christopher columbus and the discovery of the caribbean and the americas europeans. sunday at 4:00 p.m. eastern, unreal america, 1975 nasa film, was out there with orson welles and carl sagan, exploring the possibility of extraterrestrial life and communications of intelligence civilization in the universe. and sunday at p.m. eastern, un-american artifacts,. >> world war i trench and reconstructed german bunker, part of the living history exhibit by the u.s. army heritage and education center in carlisle pennsylvania, and sunday at 8:00 p.m. eastern, on the presidency. here how first lady jacqueline kennedy and lady bird johnson and pat nixon or to preserve the historic

that was the rallying cry soviet union. has come to an end. it what will keep this coalition and the world's a better place for it and the world's a better place for it. is it islam radical islam that that'll become the cohesion that keeps this movement that keeps the movement together or will the movement dissipate. where do you see it happening? well, it has it has been a a as you suggest a coalition. and coalitions tend not to be permanent. they tend to evolve in some way as circumstances evolve. i think clearly the continuing threat from islamists and radical islamists is something that that causes a large fraction of our population to recognize that we need to behave in a certain way that protects the american people? i think the the excesses we've seen in terms of the debt and the deficits. and and the reality that we have a model in europe that has demonstrated that it doesn't work and that we would make a terrible mistake to model america on western europe. and i think these these these kinds of issues as well as social issues that peop

political stability or challenges. germany is marketing 80 years since the nazi invasion of the soviet union. the surprise attack on june 22nd 1941 would become the biggest and bloodiest france in world war 2. and, and, and nazi germany is complete destruction by the end of the war and estimates it's 27000000 soviet citizens had died, including 14000000 civilians from the beginning operation. barbarossa was the and as the invasion was cold, was conducted as a war of an elation. the germans also treated soviet prisoners of war extremely brutally. they were executed, starve though died on forced marches from the front lines. the northeast took some 5700000. so get prisoners of war over the course of 4 years. it's estimated that more than 3000000 soviet p o w died, making one of the largest groups of nazi victims. germany is president, has been marketing that somebody investor here in berlin front by the stein maya, attended the ceremony. german russian museum in the capital. in his speech, start my address criticism from former soviet republics, but ukraine and bella rufe, that them millions o

health insurance because of the law. germany is marking 80 years since the nazi invasion of the soviet union. the surprise attack on june 22nd 941 would become the biggest and bloodiest front in world war 2 and end in nazi. germany is complete destruction. by the end of the war and estimated 27000000 soviet citizens had died, including 14000000 civilians. from the beginning operation, barbarossa was b. as the invasion was cold, was conducted as a war of an elation. the germans also treated soviet prisoners of war. boot was brutally, they were executed stuff that died on fullest marches from the front lines. the nazis took some 5700000 soviet prisoners of war. over the course of 4 years estimated that more than $3000000.00 soviet p o w died, making the more of the largest groups of nazi victims. and germany's president has been marketing that somebody of us were here in berlin front. by the time i send it to the ceremony at the german russian museum in the capital, in his speech stunned my address criticism from former soviet republics side refrain and been a ruse that there are millions of v

that is the line back to the soviet union. i lived in the soviet union as a student.small taste of what was like to live in leningrad in 1983. as a college student. this is scary now people are ratting on each other, anonymously hitting each other for just having a different theory. i thought that was all point of science. >> exactly right. there is no science if you don't have the scientific debate and free exchange of ideas. there will never be a solution that has any reliability, the public trust in experts in general and in science has been really damaged. we really need -- where the university leaders, people who be -- >> in china. >> they have to step up. it is not just refusal to publish stuff, it is also the fear of intimidation, personal defamatory things. this is really something no american should wanted everybody regardless of what you believe about anything else, got to have trust in science. >> your 100% right, can't wait for your book, thank you for joining us. house into committee's most compromised members using private investigators to harass one of

he did that often with many issues in his career and one of them was with the cold war in the soviet union. he began immediately after the war. he was a very much a big fan of the soviet union and and of stalin, i mean in a sense that they had kind of rescued the allied cause they had sacrificed so much for victory in world war ii and he really resented the idea that our country would go to war for another world war iii. with that with that ally by 1946 by about today, which is the 75th anniversary of winston churchill's iron curtain speech at westminster college and fulton, missouri by about today 75 years ago. malden was beginning by about the iron curtain speech use beginning to understand that the sylvia union was a problem and that their imperialism their squelching of human rights of free speech of civil rights that they couldn't be trusted and so he kind of reluctantly became a kind of a moderate cold warrior, but he was never virulent anti-communist like as you can see from this cartoon. he disliked virulent and i communist very much like the house on american activities committee.