the union plan works like clock work. the raid ends fairly disasterously but serves it's purpose for the time. on the morning of the 13th of june lee and his men look across and realize the earth works are empty. fwrant has been able to pull his men without lee figuring out what happened they swing south. grant intoneds cross but lee does not understand what grant means to do. lee thinks he might swing back toward richmond north of the james river so lee stays here. sends some soldiers to the south but doesn't do a major shift because he's uncertain what grant will do. as you civil war historians know, by june 15 they are attacking at petersburg. lee is alerted to what is going on. confederates manage to reach the town in time. there is a vigorous defense and the war will deinvolve into a siege with many big battles but a siege that will last for the next ten months. i'm often asked who won this battle at cold harbor and won this big campaign between grant and lee and i have to say if you look at this in terms of individua

of the soviet union final months. while the soviet union disintegrated for a variety of reasons, not least the bankruptcy of a moral and actual soviet system in place events in the ukraine and republics at the center of the drama, professor plokhy provides what is happening now. as unrest continues in the eastern part of the ukraine with progression separatists in the region and complicating efforts to implicate what the u.s. come you might wonder why naomi putin, the russian nationalist ukraine is a natural part of their national story and find it difficult to adjust to the reality of the independent ukraine. "the last empire" will provide answers for understanding the historical roots of the crisis and why we struggle with independence among constituent republics. these join me in welcoming our guest today, serhii plokhy. register menu to please turn off your cell phone and any other electronic devices. thank you. [applause] thank you for coming. >> thank you. joann, thank you so much for the wonderful introduction.

with the economic union but we stayed out is built on the foundations of another union which was the customs union so now it is a new level and also a military union. what is common they're not just russia driven. it is a very different story and it is fresh shad knocking on the doors and this is not their gender but creation of the integrated economic space. thank you for your questions. >> with that international intelligence talk about the desires they did not understand what they were after. but i did buy the book and how they dealt with gorbachev but have you do with this administration with the attempt to understand what they tried to do. also thank you for the idea i never thought about comparing fdr and bush sr. how they handled the soviet union. what can i say about the current administration? i tell the story of fdr and ambassadors to moscow, with this idea they can work as moscow. and after two or three years all of them are coming back and as anti-wretched or soviets coming is a news to me the ambassadors before him and after him is of the administration. and washington ha

i've been urging the union to return through the collective bargaining process that the city uses for every other union and we still remain hopeful that we'll be able to get there with them. we do have the agreements, we'll be making these agreements public on our website as required by law that we have copies of them here and they'll be up on our website by the end of the day. that's pretty much where we stand. we have reserved sunday, which would be the last possible day to make public the sunshine, any agreement. so if we're able to make any progress with the transport workers union between today and sunday we would -- and have a revised agreement that we can sunshine and make possible, that's what we would do on sunday. i think that covers it. be happy to answer any questions. >> no action is required by the board. this is simply a public meeting to sunshine -- >> right, the charter requires that we make these available to the public in a public meeting. >> members of the board? members of the public care to address the board? good morning. >> good morning, erik williams, presiden

the union plan works like clock work. the raid ends fairly disasterously but serves it's purpose for the time. on the morning of the 13th of june lee and his men look across and realize the earth works are empty. fwrant has been able to pull his men without lee figuring out what happened they swing south. grant intoneds cross but lee does not understand what grant means to do. lee thinks he might swing back toward richmond north of the james river so lee stays here. n earthworks are empty. grant once again it has managed to pull his army away without leave figuring out what happens. the union army swings south, down to the james river. but leetends to cross, does not understand what lead lee means to do. sent some of his soldiers to the south, but does not do a major shift, because again, he is uncertain as to what grant will do. as you civil war historians know, by june 15, union forces are attacking at petersburg. alerted to what is going on. confederates managed to reach the town in time. there is a vigorous defense. th

get. >> why aren't they entitled. >> bob, you want to let the unions play their union game. knock yourself out. they have no reason to be tax exempt under 01 c 4 but they get the exemption. >> they are political groups. 96%, he 98% whatever is going to the democratic party. that's more of a super p.a.c. >> then don't join the union. don't ride on their backs. >> why are they not equally entitled to get good benefits? my point is unless you subject yourself to the union shakedown you're not entitled to good benefits and good wage? >> you're on your own. >> no. that's a bully tactic. >> if you're not participating in the economy like paying your tax, then you shouldn't get government services. >> no. i just say if you're not willing to join collectively to negotiate your benefits -- >> not willing to pay. >> then go do it yourself. do it in your living room. >> the union is amenable to people not being in their union. they are so nice about that. >> if you're not in the union you have to pay the fee. the supreme court always interesting. >> not really. >> i think it's extremely

money at the moment the main countries are supporting european union britain and germany. and quite frankly i don't think the european union will be able to to stagger on in its present form if it's all after we leave basically it's bankrupt it's so it's unworkable there are too many people wanting money out of it not enough people willing to pay money into it so quite frankly economic mess the euro is a catastrophe is not an economic currency it's a political currency it has no proper economic foundation and as such it's created disaster in southern europe million people marching on madrid complain about unemployment most of cocktails being thrown around in athens and italy talking about breaking up into constituent parts it's been disastrous for europe. so you're saying if britain is to leave then that will be the end of the e.u. well we're going to take a break right now hold your thought there will be back with david culbert here keep a member of the european parliament for scotland is up more about the challenges britain faces at home and abroad stay with us. debating

the union is older than any of the states, lincoln said, and the union created them as states. for unionists, secession was dangerous and contrary to the concept of democracy. if democracy is to work there must be acceptance by all parties in the results of an election and majority rule. secession allowed citizens to overturn the will of the majority and shut down a process of give-and-take between competing interests as envisioned by the founders. under such a system, general sherman wrote the u.s. constitution would be a mere rope of sand that would break with the first pressure. unionists believe secession posed a threat to individual liberty that cause it would lead to anarchy and despotism. they were concerned that if secession went unchallenged, every time a minority of voters that lost election season a state or local government and pulled it out of the country, where would it end? what would happen if georgia, having left the united states, decided to secede from the confederacy? what of chatham county seceded from georgia? if the doctrine of secession prevailed, no one

into lunch invasions of the union from 1862 and 1863. it was a small city on a well use and familiar transportation corridor and southern franklin county, the most exposed on the southern pennsylvania border. i am paraphrasing here to chambersburg. i did not selected as having more merit or claim than others, but because it's that within the limits of the country cover by my command and was brought more immediately to my attention. so in other words, early chose chambersburg because it was there. the more controversial issue then the choice of chambersburg was the motivation for burning the city itself. beenerners had never adverse to destroying towns and cities as long as they were northern towns and cities. tennessee confederate andy maybe of example advocated the use hard work tactics. in a letter to her friend in may be1861, i only pray god may with us, she wrote, to give us strength to conquer them, to exterminate them, to lay waste to every northern city, town, and village, to destroy them utterly. words of a teenage girl. jefferson

the wall street journal reported this week that unions and employers nationwide are squaring off over who will pick up the tab for new mandates such as coverage for dependent children up to age 26 and the so-called cadillac tax on premium health plans starting in 2018. i'm joined by wall street journalist dan henninger, joe rago, and assistant editorial edier james freeman. how much are costs going up for union plans and weren't they supposed to go down? >> exactly. that's why they're going up for union plans, just as much as employer plans. and the individual market. >> what kind of magnitudes are we talking about? >> about a 10% increase just year over year. so pretty significant. and then that ramps up in 2017 when this cadillac tax goes in. this is targeted at very gold-plated health plans, the richest benefits. and those often are union plans. >> why is that? when you think about gold-plated plans, you think of goldman sachs, big ceos, but that's not true. unions also have these very, very rich benefit packages. why is that? >> well, for years, they have traded increases in wages

the union is older than any of the states, lincoln said, and the union created them as states. for unionists, secession was dangerous and contrary to the concept of democracy. if democracy is to work there must be acceptance by all parties in the results of an election and majority rule. secession allowed citizens to overturn the will of the majority and shut down a process of give-and-take between competing interests as envisioned by the founders. under such a system, general sherman wrote the u.s. constitution would be a mere rope of sand that would break with the first pressure. unionists believe secession posed a threat to individual liberty that cause it would lead to anarchy and despotism. they were concerned that if secession went unchallenged, every time a minority of voters that lost election season a state or local government and pulled it out of the country, where would it end? what would happen if georgia, having left the united states, decided to secede from the confederacy? what of chatham county seceded from georgia? if the doctrine of secession prevailed, no one

economic agreement that russia as one of the consequences of ukraine joining this pact with the european union russia will have to cancel this duty free regime with ukraine and that would mean a significant blow to the ukrainian economy which is already struggling because sixty percent of ukrainian experts go either to russia or to kazakstan or to belarus is the e.u. ready to compensate for that loss of revenues because i mean we can talk about while use the for valid long time but let's talk about money i think what ukrainian ukrainians need now money and revenues where those revenues that ukraine will lose in associating with europe will come from work first of all there is no determinism in economy an economy you negotiate an economy as they say. we cannot go into the details of the association agreement but i can see with all respect that it's not up to all what you are presenting this is not an either or russia has taken a position and i hope that the the negotiation with the presently on the table and progressively and the platform that mr poroshenko her stress that the first thing he do

of the empire center for public policy. ross, how big a blow is this to unionsou mischaracterized it, i think this is more a blow to the home health care workers, to the personal assistants, than it really is to the unions since what the union has done for them is raise their wages, get them benefits, get them training, all kinds of things that they didn't have. they were minimum wage workers who were -- had no respect at all before the union worked out an arrangement with the state where they could collectively bargain. so, what this is doing is undermining the ability of the union to have a collective bargaining relationship that works and that's bad for the workers. yes, it's bad for the union, too, because the union is its workers after all. >> ej, i would assume you have a differing opinion? >> well, i mean, the decision in one respect was not bad for the unions because they didn't lose everything. they managed to hold on to their rights under our previous court precedent to collect the equivalent of union dues from people who refused to join them who are p

the diplomacy of the european union is a catastrophe and not only in ukraine each time the european union participates on the global stage it is usually either to create a problem or to aggravate. it. and as far as sanctions go against russia saying it's a sign and foreign policy is subordinated to the u.s. how far do you think they will take those sanctions. i don't know maybe eventually the european union will have to face reality and come to the conclusion that is not to it advantage to bend to america's well. in any case that is what i hope because these sanctions have contributed to strengthening everyone's opposing positions which makes no sense we were completely aware of the fact that russia faced with these sanctions wouldn't say oh well if it's going to be like that no problem do what you want that doesn't make any sense the sanctions that were imposed including those imposed on russian deputies and even the president of the duma which are even more problematic a rupture in historical traditions on the diplomatic level. generally do not sanction deputies because they are the exp

the diplomacy of the european union is a catastrophe and not only in ukraine each time the european union participates on the global stage it is usually either to create a problem or to aggravate them. and as far as the sanctions go against russia seeing it's a sign. foreign policy is subordinated to the u.s. how far do you think they will take those sanctions. i don't know maybe eventually the european union will have to face reality and come to the conclusion that it's not do it advantage to bend to america's well. in any case that is what i hope because these sanctions have contributed to strengthening everyone's opposing positions which makes no sense we were completely aware of the fact that russia faced with these sanctions wouldn't say oh well if it's going to be like that no problem do what you want that doesn't make any sense the sanctions that were imposed including those imposed on russian deputies and even the president of the duma which are even more problematic i'm a rupture in historical traditions on a diplomatic level only progeny really do not sanction deputies because t

subduedhern rebellion and the union restored. contrary to an idiosyncratic academic interpretation that mr. lincoln was a passive personality, the primary documents, the facts, the witnesses, show him to be a man of action, decisive and direct, generally subtle, acting boldly when confident, he could turn the event. when politicians start to cross him, mr. lincoln did not hesitate to defend himself, often aggressively. for example, summer of 1868, mr. lincoln learned that john j crittenden, the nationally respected senator from illinois was lincoln knew considering an endorsement of mr. lincoln's rival, stephen a douglas. .nstead of abraham lincoln so lincoln sent him a personal letter. he renounced any self-serving intention for crittenden's endorsement of himself, but he --he advised the famous senator, very much his would better be hands-off." as his contemporaries observed, lincoln was an ambitious man. william herndon, his law partner of 16 years, described lincoln's a little engine which knew no rest. a speech fragment in li

my early books were all on the union. i wrote a book on black soldiers in the civil white officers in the civithe civil war cold forge battle. i wrote a book on partners in command, which was about the command relationships among the civil war and there i went on to the confederacy. and because i studied davis and johnston's relationship and jackson's relationship and things like that. so it was a nice easy transition over to the army. >> before we get into the book, the statistical portrait of that but served under robert louis, how about some macro figures. how many soldiers served in the civil war on both sides? >> about two and a quarter million people served. the confederacy probably around 900,000 but we don't have an exact tabulation. recent studies suggested that more people died in the civil war but the statistics are based on the census records and it is really dicey to rely on that kind of evidence. so the best evidence indicates that virginia and north carolina had fewer fatalities than we had anticipated vario

of the unions. california is an union friendly state traditionally as well. is this going to stand? does this have a shot on appeal? >> i--yes, i'm not an expert on california politics. i would be interested in the thoughts of the other two guests. jerry brown has been more sympathetic to the unions. this is a blow to the unions on friendly turf. >> who is backing your side? i know you were working on behalf of students plaintiffs. i doubt they had a cookie sail or a bake sail at one of their classrooms to pay their fees. who made sure whose case got proud. who is paying your hourlies? >> it's a great american story. a man named dave welsh in engineer entrepreneur looked around at what was happening to our public school system in california, and said these laws must be wrong. this must be illegal. this can't go on. he formed the group "students matter. students matter have been going back to an eclectic array of organizations, some liberal, some conservative. democrats, runs, to raise the funds to p

would join the union ranks. ribed their depression and upset in the journal, hearing the news that war had begun and she wrote in her journal about an incident that occurred the day after. the following day, there was a narrow escape, mother was sending a small basket of harm booked -- pharma booked cooking, after leaving the streetcar it was quite a distance to walk before reaching our house. part of the way across the deserted brickyard, across a couple of men stepped out from behind and attacked him saying now, you bloody union man we are going to clean you out and all the others like you. e n did not stand on the order but sprinted away, the two men in pursuit. finally they fired on him two with three times and he thought he was hit. he soon reached the street where there were houses and they did not follow. he reached home breathless and we found in the basket where a bullet had gone through it and threw a package of cookies in side. that was the first phase of the work in st. louis and then the economy was

wanting to fight and save the union. ok, patriotism or ideology. this is one of the quintessential ideological wars. for the north, there was the desire to restore the union and take down the rebellion. in the u as of the war, for many union soldiers, it becomes a war of emancipation. for the south, it is defending their southern way of life, a southern society built on the foundation of racial slavery. these are wars in which there are important patriotic and ideological motivations to get out and join the army. it is interesting, when i give this lecture, how quickly people bring up patriotism and ideology. sometimes people leave it until the very end. those are the cynical classes. you guys are not quite as cynical. you're putting it right at the top, which i like. what are some other reasons? >> same line as patriotism, but on her -- honor. >> one of the things that shows up a lot in these posters, if you closely read the text, you man, able-bodied men, free brave man, courageous men needed to come, and this idea of hon or, particularly a kind o

and the union street association is strongly opposed to the at&t micro site it violates the union street design guidelines that were approved by the commissioner in 1983. a short while back we stated our concerns in opposition to at&t's plan for 1700 union street at this point we couldn't imagine at&t wanted to bigger antenna site on one our our heritage building. 18 hundred is a 1933 art deco building the same and/or as the coit tower and golden gate bridge my quote the society of the california strongly opposes at&t's proposal for this site this building is a wonderful art deco site it lends beauty to the neighborhood including delight full ornament

from the european union if you should. understand this i don't i think that this is not just the quest ukrainian people this is a quest of many people in many. countries and we have to be conscious of all of this. it's not the moment for you ukraine establishing a negotiation. the more it is the more you can. find time to get these better longing for and there will be there to help. and transcend the marshall plan that you just mentioned a lot about. it came with a lot of hard cash that you can on extreme struggling industries who will be doing that well i freely agree with you that the phone foreign direct investment still today you'd of the united states has the biggest foreign direct investment in the world and this of course is once more linked to governance because you cannot expect a foreign direct investment if you don't have security both physical and legal security and this is where government just comes back to this to this more concrete level of of for the livelihoods of economic livelihoods it's a is spiraling p

the city. but we had seven of our own, three of them were transport workers union units. the operators which we discussed, the fare inspectors and the supervisors and managers. we also were negotiating with sciu, local 1021 and the association local 1414 and ibw local 6, the electricians and the municipal executive associations so those groups represent -- sic represents pco and station agencies and car cleaners, a lot of the administrative staff, 1414, represents a lot of the mechanics, local 6 represents electricians and mea represents managers. we went through that process, that charter process that i described. four of the agreements will be disclosed today, that's 1414, and the machinist, local sixty electricians and mea, the other three units are in the process that i described before heading into arbitration. so just to summarize these agreements which we'll make publicly available for close of business today, so that they have 15 days as required for public inspection before you consider voting on them. what they all have in common are three year terms so they

we have a ruling in the union fee case that we were talking about. the u.s. supreme court has handed a blow to unions across the country. what does it say? >> it's a blow to labor unions but it's not as big a blow as some people thought. let me explain the context if i could. labor unions, often, they have a contract that covers all the workers, all the workers in a given area, and not all those workers sometimes choose to join the union. the question in this case was in the workers who are home health care workers in illinois, the ones who don't want to be a part of the union can they be forced to pay some of union dues. even though they are beneficiaries of the contract, but they don't want to be in the union, and the court said these workers in particular cannot be forced to pay their union dues. what's significant about the case is that the supreme court did not view these workers as public employees. they are home health care workers. they are sort of independent contractors, sort of government employees, so the decision is really just limited to these ho

muni says it does not expect a sick out and hopes the union will come back to the table but union hascommented. >>> this morning a belmont man is recovering from a painful snake bite. the 74-year-old man was bending down to pick up a tool in the garage at the top of the avenue when the 3' long rattlesnake bit him. it was coiled and hiding under his chest. can you see the bite open his swell were happened. >> he thought it was a spider and he heard a rattle. he thought, oh, no. >> we get rattlesnake calls occasionally but i cannot recall the last time we had anyone bitten by a snake. >>> medics rushed him to the hospital for treatment while firefighters killed snake. he is expected to go home in the next day or so. rattlesnake bites are rare although they are native to the region. >>> trading is underway on wall street which is up less than a point at 16734. >>> pf chang is con firming they were hacked say there was a data breach and the c.e.o. is apologizing and encourages customers to check the statements. pf chang is switching to manual kit card imprinting system. >> priceline annou

so if the other countries of the european union want the u.k. to stay in the e.u. why would they have to lead against a well that's it's not a plausible scenario and the new company and i don't think you can believe it themselves anymore. all three main westminister part is stated that they will block the scots plan to keep the pound as a formal currency what. in the turn of those events will you adopt a new currency or will you push to stay within the pano adeptly supposing. well what happens to scotland's currencies ultimately amounts of for the scottish government and b. is the campaign or not the government but that's another clear example of where the new campaign is playing politics they want to scare is many people in scotland as possible into voting no to reject independents and that's why they've come up with this position on the fact is the stunning is as much salt and currency as it is that's of the best the united kingdom and any other scenario would mean at large transaction costs for business is the best you caved on wasn't part of

quasi area it's a start of the union amazing. i'd like to get back to hobby lobby your just a minute i was talking with gretchen about it and i mentioned that the religious freedom restoration act was actually the constitution actually says that the supreme court has to operate under exceptions specified by congress and under the regulation of congress correct so congress so the supreme court had ruled in some religious case i think it had to do that in a way that congress didn't like they used a balancing test in dealing with a religious test ok and so congress said you can't do that anymore they said we're going to regulate the supreme court you can't do that anymore you have to use a stricter standard well what they said is that congress has laws in all the was in the states and which actually got struck down later all federal laws must pass a strict scrutiny standard in order to be constitutional so then of imposing that only restriction on themselves when those other laws were brought before the supreme court they also had to

just like the rights in the european union. it means standardizing laws in line with safety standards for food and the environment. >> this pact does not guarantee a full year membership --e.u. membership. >> absolutely not. that promise is not on the table today. that is a different procedure. most feel the conclusions of the summit in brussels that the agreement was not the final step of the partnership between the e.u. and these three countries. that would hint that one day membership would be possible. that would have to get the support of the 20 member states -- 28 member states. it could take decades. it would be hard to put a date on when that could happen. poroshenko said his country paid a high price and he is looking for support from all countries in the union. >> this pact was to be signed last november by the then president. it did lead to the current crisis in ukraine. russia is clearly unhappy and disagrees with the pact. >> absolutely. vladimir putin did not want those three countries to sign these agreements with

united states soldiers on the payroll, who are mustered into the union army. again, i wasn't being entirely glib when i said "yes, i think t is." is it as central a part of the civil war story as some of the events that others will be talking about here? no, i don't think it is. i don't want to overstate my claim. that is not the kind of historian that i am. but i do think it is a very important story and it's worth telling. thank you all again very much. [applause] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] >> if you could sit tight for just a few moments, we have a few announcements. first announcement, get your program and turn to page 32. if you don't have it, that is fine. we have already planned cwi 2015, as you can see. and because we are in sync for the 50th, we, of course, want to see the battlefield in richmond and petersburg. these away for us to see battlefields is for us to go down there and have -- and the only way for us to see these battlefields is for us to go down there and

if the court rules those workers can't be considered state employees or require to pay union fees, the service employees union could lose thousands of members and millions of dollars. unionizing home health care helped them get higher wages and improve the industry. the main thing is the things we have done not only helped to stablilize the workforce, but raise standards across the board for the care delivered too people with disabilities. >> 81-year-old flora johnson received medicaid to care for her son. johnson is a union member and says the money she gets huhs doubled from over $5,000 to under is it. before the union johnson felt powerless against the medicaid program. >> they could say i'll pay you $2 or $1 an hour. we didn't have a voice. pamela harris doesn't want the union telling her how to care for josh or taking dues that could be spep on her son's care. >> how do you see this case playing out? >> the stakes in this case are high. it's important to make sure the record it clear. this is not a case about requiring union dues. this is not a case in which the union wants to dic

it nullified the advantage of the union armies artillery. armyuld have attacked the while they were straddling river . that did not happen and the army at the potomac entered the wilderness. ll's men are on the orange turnpike. one on the turnpike, one on the plank road. one mile or so between those confederate forces. ewell was all by himself and he did extraordinarily well in --nging the federal army many of you will be going to the wilderness with others on monday. one thing the park service has done brilliantly there is a scene rehabilitation. there are areas that have been restored to their wartime appearance. field and all the you saw were trees everywhere. now you can really take in the ground and appreciate the historic landscape. lee has even more ambitious plans for richard yoewell. turnpike,es on the confederates on the plank road. you can see the gap between the two confederate lines. final day of the wilderness. if you look at the top of the map, you can see where it says, separate and then it says rickett. hoping they would swin

in the sentiment of all parties about what happened to the european union. owing the crisis in the euro because not a crisis i was ever remotely in favor of, but what is interesting is that in many countries in europe you've got parties which are explicitly anti-eu. but they're a big debate taking place including in germany about what the recalculation of power which is a necessary. so i think in this country there was a broad consensus about what needs to be done. we want to make sure we build our allies. one of my concerns with david cameron operating, for example, who should be president of the commission. i sure significant reservations about jean-claude, let me tell you, luxembourg has not had a particularly honorable role. all sorts of reservations about him but you got to build alliances. >> how important is your commitment to a referendum? >> i would've liked to seen in the queen's speech. we don't have coalition agreement on it, that's why we been trying conservative party did everything we can through bills to try to get that referendum commitment t

the european union is the complicated beast.ion is where the laws are written, it enforces rules and regulations. i think even more importantly for david cameron is actually the council what we're talking about today, the group of heads of government. they're the people that can decide whether or not david cameron can get the sort of renegotiation that he has now promised voters. but, i think david cameron will get quite a bit of criticism back in britain. if this is the opening skirmishes of his attempt to reform the european union, not going very well. >> ben, thank you very much for joining us. interesting times here in brussels. just to go back to your opening question, we don't have a time for you. as i mentioned, the session is behind closed doors. the last item on the agenda, but we are certainly keeping a cross on every single movement here on brussels. >> thank you, so much indeed, lucy. lucy hockings in brussels. >>> breaking news that we're getting out of erbil in northern iraq. press conference held between the briti

the city. but we had seven of our own, three of them were transport workers union units. the operators which we discussed, the fare inspectors and the supervisors and managers. we also were negotiating with sciu, local 1021 and the association local 1414 and ibw local 6, the electricians and the municipal executive associations so those groups represent -- sic represents pco and station agencies and car cleaners, a lot of the administrative staff, 1414, represents a lot of the mechanics, local 6 represents electricians and mea represents managers. we went through that process, that charter process that i described. four of the agreements will be disclosed today, that's 1414, and

he also noted the resolution of the union army. he said the most distinguishing character seems to be quiet determination and indomitable perseverance and energy. another would have had his courage so shaken that he would gladly have foregone an undertaking that promised so little in success. he had received from the battle of the wilderness to that of cold harbor repeated and powerful repulses. his losses in men were unparalleled in the history of the struggle, but his perseverance was undisturbed. >> that quiet determination of grant so evident to a non- combatant in richmond echoed oud. he wrote the army of the potomac has literally marched in blood. it has all been unsuccessful fighting, hard, brutal. yet we have a great fighter in grant. he takes hold of his work as one having confidence in himself and not the least afraid of his adversary. he is bold and takes great risk, thus inspiring confidence in his army. one can see that grant believes n incessant fighting and marching as producing necessary results, not only on his own