and the soviet union had been allies. they had to figure out how to carve up the world and what their relationship would be with one another. for a few years after the war it was not yet clear we were headed to the kind of cold war you get from popular culture and elsewhere. there were other visions on the table. there's all these little feeders in which the conflict plays out. the u.s. helps to support the rebuilding of greece and turkey. that is something debated fiercely on all sides of the political spectrum. the u.s. creates the marshall plan to rebuild the economies of central and eastern europe that are within the u.s. sphere of influence and that is linked to this larger story because it's about companies looking for new markets and a debate within labor as to whether that was a good thing for their own well-being. of that comes to a head with the election of 1948. many members of organized labor supported the idea of creating a third-party figuring the democrats were going to give them what they wanted. they wante

the well cap strike. unions continued organize. the uaw and steelworkers stopped organizing, they got self-satisfied and stopped reaching out to try to get new members at new factories. that was not the case in the south and southwest. fromyou view labor history these perspectives, you instead see a story where there is constant organizing and fighting, or they're just getting their butts kicked. , it was notok place predetermined that it was lost. you guys are watching salt of the earth on thursday, that is a the run of thets radical communist led union of the early 1950's. it would suggest the ongoing ways in which that era was far more contested than the tidy narrative i just give you suggests. in some cases, the civil rights unionism of the 30's and 40's, the ways in which african american workers and their allies like the struggle for what race and class the quality, in which execute american workers even joined the struggle for equal rights, with the struggle for union rights, we say that in the 50's in di

of the union. this revelation motivated loyal state leaders to unite in the hopes of vindicating democracy. the ensuing war ironically forced a powerful nationstate alliance that produced a northern state army powerful enough to defeat the confederates. scholars have expanded investigations to include the character of governors, northern and southerners, as contributors to the factors of this victory. the union's defense of 1861 revealed intense nationalist dealings, but marshaling the resources required extraordinary coordination between nation and state. organized, itey rested on the partnership between abraham lincoln and his loyal state governors. thehaped to the ways that should federal power in pursuit of union. it was a new nation that lincoln referred to at gettysburg. thehe 150 years since conflict, only "lincoln and the war governors" has been preserved as a seminal work on this important relationship. lincoln as a master manipulator of public opinion and political opinion and conflicts w

britain is leaving the european union. we are going to make our own decisions and our own laws, we are going to take control of the things that matter most to us and we are going to take this opportunity to build a stronger, fairer britain, a country that our children and grandchildren are proud to call home. that is our ambition and opportunity and that is what this government is determined to do. at moments like these, great turning points in our national story, the choices we make to find the character of our nation. we can choose to say the task ahead is too great, we can turn our faces apart and believe it can't be done or we can look forward with optimism and hope and to believe in the enduring power of the british spirit. i choose to believe in britain and that our best days lie ahead. and i do so because i'm confident we have the vision and the plan to use this moment to build a better britain. for leaving the european union presents us with a unique opportunity. it is this generation's chance to shape a brighter fu

the national union. so the platform will be centered around union, but it will include what elements? are they going to negotiate peace? no. unconditional surrender. what else? [indiscernible] charles: emancipation and then going one step further as the kind of bone to the radical republicans -- what will become the 13th amendment, abolishing slavery in the united states forever. >> that is another fight that the democrats try to latch onto is this day versus national rights, because you are putting in an amendment and you are taking away the states power to choose what they want to do for their own people in the national hands. and it fades away and becomes a mute point, but they do latch onto it for some time because that is what initially sparked the civil war, was states versus national rights. they kind of latch onto it for a little bit, but it is that that dies down. charles: that does become part of the democratic platform, states rights, but it was a euphemism for what? slavery. the return of slav

to save the union in early 1861. he believed it was redundant and did not need to be enshrined in the constitution. come across -- significantly, crossed challenges his determination to end slavery. professor cross. [applause] professor cross: i think ank bil harris for that generous intervention. only two people in the world know the lincoln story indeed inailed while also knowing deep detail what happened in the reconstruction south after lincoln's death. bill harris is one of these two remarkable scholars. that's not all. bill has just published two more books. the first is lincoln in congress . "twoecond is entitled against lincoln." productivity should cause and me among those were half his age he deserves a round of nvy among-- cause e those who are half his age. he deserves a round of applause. [applause] professor cross: today's crowd audience is still remains for engaging directly with the past rather than trying to fancy it up while allowing our imaginations to run free. i welcome your eagerness to deal with

to leave the european union. i actually thing thi that when i talk to people who voted to leave and people who voted to remain, the overwhelming message is that they want the government now to get on with the job of delivering on that vote. >> thank you, mr. speaker. my right honorable friend the prime minister has made it clear both from the dispatch box and the country that she wishes to prioritize the certainty of u.k. nationals living in the e.u. 27 and e.u. nationals living here in the u.k. but i have it on good authority that the e.u. negotiators want to prioritize the so-called divorce settlement. will she make it clear to the people with whom she is negotiating that we will not countenance british and e.u. citizens being used as bargaining ships -- chips in such a way. >> my honorable friend is right. what we want to do is ensure we see both e.u. citizens living here and u.k. citizens in the e.u., reciprocal arrangements for them in terms of future status. i want to see that as an early -- as a discussion

britain is leaving the european union. we are going to make our own decisions and our own laws, we are going to take control of the things that matter most to us and we are going to take this opportunity to build a stronger, fairer britain, a country that our children and grandchildren are proud to call home. that is our ambition and opportunity and that is what this government is determined to do. at moments like these, great turning points in our national story, the choices we make to find the character of our nation. we can choose to say the task ahead is too great, we can turn our faces apart and believe it can't be done or we can look forward with optimism and hope and to believe in the enduring power of the british spirit. i choose to believe in britain and that our best days lie ahead. and i do so because i'm confident we have the vision and the plan to use this moment to build a better britain. for leaving the european union presents us with a unique opportunity. it is this generation's chance to shape a brighter fu

my constituency voted to remain in the european union. [shouting] >> >> that was a vote of the whole united kingdom. h what i hear from people outside this chamber that the right honorable gentleman seems to forget. but what i hear from people upside this chamber individuals and businesses alike whether they voted to remain or leave this that with the vote taken in division given to people of the united kingdom, and we should respect that vote and get on with the job by for everybody of the hall across the united kingdom. with the impact of the independence it is the case thee the european union has reinforced the doctrine. does seem amusing but as a reminder if they had voted for independence in 2014 than they would not be a member of the european union we will insure ring with the deal but i n interested in the outcomes as the best possible deal of the l. hall of the united kingdom kin talking about democratic representation impossibilities perhaps the scottish government might buy to consider thetu legislation over the past year. >> joi

the soviet union gets collapsed. growth even of a moderate kind kind -- i don't know if you would have saved for the soviet union but it went have hurt. why was china able to get some growth fairly rapidly out of its reforms in the soviet union by your telly didn't get any growth at all? >> it's a hundred% in the time lag. deng xiaoping denies power in 78 and he starts his reform very early and there is not in immediate demand for results. they start in the countryside, slowly moved to the city and he has a decade to prove that his reform's are working. gorbachev because he faced opposition doesn't have the time. he has to make a big push and hope that it pays off. he makes a big bet by making his deals and the result is that he only has a couple of years and he needs rapid growth in a very couple years and doesn't get good results. he doesn't get that growth in the short time. and then you have this big fiscal inflation crisis that leads to a collapse. if you look at statistics of privatized business over time you do

, the strong remaining 27 in the european union, i think thatis 27 in thee united states as well. i will take one more question. yes? the danish prime ministersaid... one more question. yes? the danish prime minister said... thank you so much, blonde bird tv. the danish foreign minister said that —— blomberg. brexit could take up to 50 years, is he wrong? what makes you think that it will actually be possible to do it within two years, given that we know michel barnier for example is very a kingston negotiating a parallel trade deal at the same time as a brexit deal —— very against negotiating. what makes you think it will actually be possible to do it within two years, given that we know michel barnier for example is very against negotiating a parallel trade deal at the same time as a brexit deal? well, first of all, obviously the treaty sets out that in looking when some of these countries are leaving the european union, the process which is article 50 sets out is for the withdrawal but also setting the framework for the future relationship actually shoul

i would like to make a statement on the next steps for article 15 and leaving the european union. this began by electing donald -g i welcome this because we have a close relationship and recognize the contribution that he's maded in office. in the council we discussed the threat for organized crime and instability in the western balkans and what is needed to build up a competitiveness that will remain important as wecohi build a new relationship in a self-governing britain. in each case we are able to show once again how we will continue to play a leading role in europe eu after we've left the european union. first on migration, i welcome t implementing action plans. this included the strengthening and returns and working to implement the deal where they are providing additional staff for interviewing the nationals. i argued we must do more to dismantle the profit and those that are subjecting many to be. unimaginable abuses. we've coordinated and committed actions we can make a differen difference. indeed just last month in operation between the nationalhe agency and the coast gua

the results. we are all great union of people and nation. that the decision to leave has been made and the processes is under way. it is time to come together. for this great national moment needs a great national effort. an effort to shape a stronger future for britain. so lets do so together. lets come together and work together. let us together choose to believe in britain which o optimism and hope. for if we do, we can make the most opportunity ahead and make the success of this moment. we come together build a stronger, fairer britain. a britain of our children and grandchildren are proud to call home. >> yeah! >> thank you mr. speaker. >> i would like to thank the prime minister for an advance copy of the statement. today we embark on the country's most important negotiations in modern times. the british people made the decision to leave the european union and labor respects that decision. the next steps along this journey are the most crucial. if the prime minister is to unite the country as she says she aims to do. the government need

and for access to the customs union? and for access to the customs union? the regulatory bodies that written might want to retain and maintain operation with —— that britain might. that will be one of the big debates. the issue is that britain is a net contributor, an important part of the european union budget. and i think germany in particular will be pushing to ensure that there is some kind of deal with britain, but as part of that deal there is some form of contribution from britain into the european union, although if there isn't, frankly, germany will be paying more. this probably is too oliver and, this was said to us via text. —— and come all. we should start making trade deals with commonwealth countries, if the eu don't like it, what are they going to do, expel us? we are going anyway?” what are they going to do, expel us? we are going anyway? i think there are probably a few things holding the uk back. the first thing is, if you are about to launch into the process of doing lots of deals around the world, you want people to think you are the kind

the union army in full flight. it made him happier that his side was winning, but he would've seen a scene of incredible devastation to not only humans, but to the terrain, to the structures, to the fences , and just debris all over the face. this house was owned by a very famous individual, he is a radical republican congressman. really into the abolition movement. he purchased this house in trust for a widow named mary thompson. thompson had eight children. by the time of the battle, they had all grown and she was alone, probably with a small dog. mrs. thompson is thought to have been here in the house as robert e. lee and the confederate army descended upon it. there are not good accounts counts as to how she may have interacted, or not interacted with general lee and his staff and anybody else around, but we know she is part of the recovery hospital operations. we do not know if the lot more than that. by the time robert e. lee arrived on seminary ridge, his staff already selected this general vicinity as the he

he was officially part of what they call the union party in 1864. but to do what he did and to not justrly alienate the radicals of the party, but the moderates of the party -- which is what he did in 1866 -- i can't imagine lincoln going that way. i think lincoln in 1866 would i figured out a way to work with people like william penn thus in and one of the leaders of the moderate senate and come up with something that would have been, you know, kind of building on the civil rights act of 1866. where he would have ended up, i'm not sure. lincoln, i'm sure, was aware this was not going to be easy. but certainly am a by keeping the republican party together and avoiding this karen does split between president and congress, it would have been different. some historians take the view, well, we have johnson to thank for the fact we got the constitutional amendments -- well, the 14th and 15th. because without his hand handedness, that would not have happened. maybe that is true. jujitsu anderse johnson may be did not get what he wanted and got the reverse

whilst to remain part of the the customs union. s it does not accept the freedoms and as it once to negotiate its own trade agreements. from our side we wa nt trade agreements. from our side we want to make clear that sectoral agreements, cutting power —— coding macro up the single market, will not be allowed. we are of the opinion that the best way for a future close partnership between the union and the uk is an association agreement based on article 217 of the treaty. i give you a short... i will not read it completely. the union may conclude with one or more countries agreement establishing an association, involving reciprocal rights and obligations, common action and special procedure. we think this goes well beyond economic cooperation. it's also about, for example, cooperation on security or implementing programmes like, for example, erasmus, in which case, naturally, the uk has to meet european standards. and also to pay the normal contributions. but what we shall never accept is that there isa we shall never accept is that

the war broke out. by 1863, when charleston was put under siege by union forces. willington became the most important southern seaport receiving supplies that were smuggled into the confederacy on board vessels known as blockade runners. what's surprising is the union did not go after the fort or make an effort to capture wilmington until late 1854. by the spring of 1862, union forces captured and occupied two thirds of the coastal plain of north carolina. we have , c-span. >> all the major river systems and all the river towns. so they controlled everything from southeastern virginia to within 50 miles of wellington. now, wilmington should have been the victim of market but they hopscotch over wilmington and went after charleston and said. austin is where, it was the nest of secession. and public and political interest centered there. even the secretary of the navy jenny wells who had proposed taking wilmington in 1862 when the city was still relatively undefended against the week wrote that we should keep wilmington and go after charlestoninstead . >> so they con

what will that do for the 300—year—old union between scotland and england? ng taken out of the eu against our will. that is a democratic outrage. it is not about whether there could be another independence referendum. of course there could. it is about whether there should be one. this week, the prime minister will trigger article 50 and pose special questions for those in scotland and northern ireland that did not vote to come out of europe. nine months ago, just before the referendum on european union membership, i made this observation. it seemed hypothetical at the time. would a vote to leave the european union propel scotland further down the road to independence? it certainly changes the independence proposition in ways we haven't begun to consider. it would confront scotland with a new national question. which union do you want to be part of, the british one or the european one? that is an argument we haven't started to have. it is not hypothetical now, it is real and urgent. the uk appears to have voted out, scotland has voted in. we voted to protect

britain is leading the european union. 50 here britain is leading the european union. here it is. the president of the eu says his priority is to defend the remaining member states. brexit has made as a community of 27 more determined and more united than before. we'll hear from brussels, spain and across the uk. and i'm michelle fleury in washington — our other headlines. what are the opportunities and dangers for markets across the world of two years of talks, then brexit? have seen under the common fisheries policy is the hardships and a client of the communities that i live work and dear europe, people from across britain say farewell to the eu. it has taken nine months but today britain took the decisive step towards leaving the european union, and a relationship that has bound this country to the continent for over a0 years. the british prime minister's letter — just six pages long — was transferred to the president of the european council by the uk's ambassador to the eu. that very simple process triggers article 50 — beginning two years of devilishly difficult

the soviet union gets collapsed. and growth even of a moderate kind, say the soviet union or gorbachev, it certainly wouldn't hurt, why was china able to get growth fairly rapidly however it's reforms at soviet union by your telling didn't get any growth at all? >> it's the time lab. in 76 and in 78 he started his reforms very early and there is not in immediate demand to result. they start in the countryside and pulled into the sentry and he has a decade to improve his reforms are working. gorbachev faced opposition and didn't have the time. he had to make a big bet and hope that it paid off. the result was that he only got a couple of years, very rapid growth in couple of years to get results but unfortunately he doesn't get that resort in the time. and then you have this big fiscal limitation crisis that led to a class. if you look up the privatized business over time you see substantial growth and improvement but it doesn't happen in a quick time frame which gorbachev had. you had to rush and hope it comes rapidly

my constituey ted to remain in the european union. [shouting] the point is -- [shoin the point is, the point is that we are one unid kgdom, and it was a vote of the wholef the united kingdom. anwhat iea from people ouidof this chamber, and by thwathe right honorable gentleman seems toort somethin le 400,000 voted to leave the european union -- [sutg] what i hear, what are you from peop osi this chamber from individuals and businesses alike, whether they vote to remain or toea, is tt the bo hinbeen takenth decision hinbe gen to people of the unitedingdom, that we shouldowescthat vote and get on th the job for everybody across the whole of unedingdom. rerto the issue of scottish indepenncand it impact on membership to the european uni. its e se and the european union has reinforcedhe dori that if scotland were to -- [shouting] they seem fd amusi,, t just want everybody the ctrine is it scotland were to become independent fro t united kingdom andt d voted r independence in 2014 then they would've ceased to be a member of the euroan union.

i think so. - of the regional dimensions of the european union, and don't forget that the european unionrejudice are changing as well. there is a lot of goodwill towards redesigning the european union. how do you see this? it is all up in air now, isn't it? nobody has a solid and comprehensive view about this battle — the battle over the two unions. what ever happens to the first, brexit case that is, the united kingdom. there are noises now, centairfly.scotlandrhasskartad~= the relationship between northern ireland and ireland, which is part of the european union. today, gordon brown, former prime minister, came up with this new or third option, he is calling it. give scotland, the devolved authority, more power, even to the extent that they can sign international treaties, and also power to do their own agriculture policies. a lot of other things but at the same time remain in the united kingdom. kevin, i wanted to bring you in about some of the criticisms that iain made. you could say if there is another referendum in two or three years, simply fatigue for having the same party in powe

literally in some places you can't see the top. a union troops are coming up and really is not much of a battle. the confederates don't give much of a defense. it happens a lot easier. i was going to point out there is another name we don't often remember, but it was one of the little battles at the beginning of the chattanooga campaign charge theules confederates and tried the confederates out of the way. >> you thought this was going to get easier. just because i mentioned navy -- army mules. >> i don't know if you're familiar with the term brevet. you raise somebody's rank if they do something heroic. the story went around that when these mules charged by themselves, it drove the confederates away. somebody suggested that what should happen is that the mules asht to be brevetted forces. -- horses. [laughter] we are not ignoring harold. whatever we want to do. we just talk. the interesting thing is that that is one of the most dramatic episodes that people talk about after the war is over and he gets to be bigger and bigger and more inte

britain is leading the european union. we are going to make our own decisions and oui’ going to make our own decisions and our own laws. we are going to take control of the things that matter most to us. donald tusk said he missed the uk already and promised to defend the remaining 27 member states in the negotiations and had. —— ahead. there is no reason to pretend this is a happy day, neither in brussels, not london. a week on from the terror attack on parliament and a memorial was held in westminster bridge. stay with us on bbc news for a look at how the front pages are reporting the coverage of article 50. clever good evening and welcome to bbc news. the united kingdom has formally served notice that it is leading the european union. a letter, signed by theresa may, was handed to be president of the and council. the primus told mps she wa nted council. the primus told mps she wanted a smooth and orderly brexit. ina wanted a smooth and orderly brexit. in a potential setback theresa may, angela merkel has warned that the

and then the union forces turned their gunfights river to capture wilmington. general braxton bragg to his departmental commander abandoned the forts at the mouth of the river and with drew them to fort anderson. that's when the most soldiers were in fort anderson during the war. there were about 2300 confederate soldiers, about 4500 confederate across the river, a division of troops that have been sent by generally dutchman general lead to make sure wilmington remained in confederate hands but it had to be safeguarded. remember it wilmington fell, he could not maintain his army. so you've got troops over here, you've got troops directly across the river, but general grant wants to capture not just fort fisher and close the harbor to blockade running, he needs to capture wilmington. y.? well, at the time that the federals were being defeated at fort fisher in the first attack at christmas 1864, the federals gained an important victory 300 miles to the south. general shermans army captured savannah after capturing, occupying and destroying atlanta in the fall of

the also found the garrisony flag lying on the ground. but union forces by sunrise had captured and occupied ft. anderson. well, the united states navy did not know that. when it's sunrise, they renewed their bombardment. now they're exploding projectiles in the fort among the union soldiers who rushed to the top of the fort down to the riverfront where we are now and they're waving their hands and they are waiving their hats and blowing bugles to signal the united states navy that the army has captured the fort. for admiral porter, that is not good enough. he has a marine contingent row him to shore. he walks up to the top of the fort. he plants his flag. and declares that the united states navy has captured ft. anderson. noly incident the where the united states navy captured a connector -- a confederate fort from the united states army. wilmington fell on february 22 1865, 2.5 days after fort anderson was evacuated, wilmington feel. ll. lee was no longer able to maintain his army. he was forced to abandon petersburg in early april. and retreated

the union forces turned their guns upriver to capture wilmington. that is when four anderson came into play. general braxton bragg abandoned the fort at the mouth of the river and withdrew them to four anderson. soldiershen the most were in four anderson during the war, around 2300 confederate soldiers here. a division of troops who had been sent i generally to make sure that wilmington remained in confederate hands. it had to be safeguarded. if only did fell, he cannot maintain his army. you have troops here, troops directly across the cape ripper, but general grant wanted to capture not only fort fisher, he needed to capture wilmington. why? at the time that the federals were being defeated at fort fisher in the first attack of 1864, federals gained a victory 300 miles to the south. savannahal captured after occupying and destroying atlanta. armyal sherman marched his the entire breadth of the state and captured savanna on december 21. he presented the city to president lincoln as a christmas gift. now safe on the seacoast, general grant wanted to

the naval task force and the union general, alfred terry said we been here for about two weeks. we've scouted the confederate positions. the ground on the east side of the cape fear river is a peninsula. it is too narrow for military operations. it strongly defended by a log of works known as the sugar works line. what we propose is that you send us reinforcements, will transfer them to the west side of the cape fear river and will have admirable provide covering fire for both lines of the army on the east side and west side of the river but really there's only one major obstacle between us and wilmington and that's fort anderson on the west side. the main will provide a lot of elbow room for our army. we can attack fort anderson from the river, we can attack it from the south. if possible we can attack it had on, with the protection of the navy or if necessary, we can outflank it by going around the defenses that go all the way toward more orton pond. that's when the battle occurred, february 17, 1965. admiral flotillas gunboats almost 30 of them would unleash a bombardment over

you cannot leave like that as if you had never been a member of the european union. e european union. britain was taking on its shoulders the commitments. and these commitments have to be honoured. again on saturday, although the leaders will be meeting to celebrate, there's a lot of talk about the people of europe. there are 4.5 million europeans who are very nervous at the moment. 3 million living in the uk, european citizens in the uk, 1.5 british people living elsewhere in the european union. does that remain, like the british government says, for the commission, a priority to make sure that they know what is so come? it is for me a priority. it's about people. the british did take in a sovereign way the decision they have taken. but people are living there. women, men, workers, independent people, children. we don't have the right to eject them from our system. so i am sworn in favour. i shouldn't say that, this, as president hollande wrote, a president shouldn't say this. i am strongly committed to preserve the rights of europeans living in britain and of the br

union. what is more, scotland as a country has met the rules for being a member of the european union, it wouldntributor because we are one of the richer members, and is already a member of the european union. if you saw the european parliament's chief negotiator, there is an openness and willingness for scotland to continue its membership of the eu. just to be absolutely clear, do you have private assurances from the european union that they would accept scotla nd union that they would accept scotland as a new country? this is still an internal member state issue for the united kingdom but what has been interesting is not so much the private reassurances but the public reassurances. jean—claude juncker said scotland needs to be listened to. we have heard the same words coming out of burling, dublin and elsewhere. that has been a shift since the last independence referendum. we would have this referendum. we would have this referendum in totally different circumstances than the previous one. it seems like you're just playing with a very weak hand. since 2014, when you did not manage to get the

brussels marking the start of britain's departure from the european union after 44 years of membership. that's all from the bbc news at 6pm, so it's goodbye from me and if hello. this is bbc news with martine croxall. the headlines: the prime minister has officially triggered britain's exit from the european union, saying the government was following the democratic will of the british people. today, britain is leaving the european union. we are going to make oui’ european union. we are going to make our own decisions on our own laws. we are going to take control of the things that matter most to us. britain's ambassador in brussels handed over the letter to the president of the european council at lunchtime today. so, here it is, six pages. the notification from prime minister theresa may, triggering article 50. donald tusk said he missed the uk already — and promised to defend the remaining 27 member states in the negotiations. in other news, a week on from the terror attack in westminster, a vigil has been held to remember the victims. the united kingdom has formally begun the proces

the united kingdom has formally served notice that it's leaving the european union. d by theresa may was handed to the president of the european council today. the prime minister told mps she wanted a smooth and orderly brexit, but she also hinted of implications for security cooperation if a deal was not reached. and in a potential setback for mrs may... the german chancellor angela merkel has warned that the terms of britain's divorce have to be settled, before any talks on trade can begin. our political editor laura kuenssberg reports on the day that article 50 was triggered. some moments make us. this is one. the minute in westminster, belfast, edinburgh and cardiff that the united kingdom formally changed course. the article 50 process is now underway and in accordance with the wishes of the british people, the united kingdom is leaving the european union. this is an historic moment from which there can be no turning back. probably our last ambassador inside the european union handing over the letter at 12:25pm. the document that says we are on our way out. there

the united kingdom has formally launched the process of leaving the european union. in brussels, european councncil resident donald tusk receiving a letter earlier today from british prime minister theresa may triggering that divorce. in london, may told parliament that brexit was an opportunity for the u.k. to become stronger and fairer. >> prime minister theresa may made history today, ceiling brexit and thereby radically changing the course of great written. -- great britain. after signing the process for the exit of the european union, he addressed in the's -- mp's. >> in accordance with the wishes of the british people, the united kingdom is leaving the european union. this is an historic moment from which there can be no turning back. reporter: theresa may said that given britain's gold to control immigration, the u.k. can't remain part of thehe eu single market. outside, brexit opponents say -- staged a protest. they hoped to stop the process from becoming a reality, but in the end, their push was unsuccessful. the formal notice from london was met with sadness

money for the union came from cia funds, the national endowment for democracy, secret accounts of the vatican and western trade unions. much of the equipment destined for solidarity arrived by ship, often packed in this market containers sent from denmark and sweden. by doctorsed secretly working with solidarity. from the polish docks, equipment moved from destinations in trucks and private cars driven by sympathizers want to use churches and priests as their point of contact for deliveries and pickups. bernstein merits attention for two reasons. of theexact mechanics covert maritime support for solidarity still remains under explored. what need for research are maritime channels of traffic from commercial shipping to cruise lines, fishing, even naval wargames. in the ways in which these channels were utilized by the west to exert all kinds of influence more or less camouflaged on the soviet bloc. my own dissertation returned -- "how the baltic sea trade washed away the iron curtain." in my project i rely on the recently declassified kgb and polish files, as well as some cia materials

there was strong affection for the old union. they didn't want to the blue dispense with the emblems of the united states. rather than having 13 stripes, they had three, red, white, red. werese southern states leaving the union and joined the confederacy throughout the 1861, it let up to 11. they would include sometimes as many as 15 or 13. this particular flag was a battle flag. this flight was carried by company d. athe outset, every company that was part of the regiment did have their own flag. companies had a wide variety of the different types of flight patterns. it was ultimately decided after the battle in july of 1861. i love the company fights were to be sent home. each regiment would be issued one official battle flag. each confederate army selected a different design as the flag it would carry. this particular design was known as the army of northern virginia flag pattern. this would have been carried by every frenchman that was fighting under robert e. lee did -- throughout the war. they can pick whatever flag patterns

it was the first line of defense against the union troops. >> right now we are on the top of the sixth traverse of fort fisher. from this point you can get a good understanding of the strategic importance of this fortification. you look over there and there is the river. you have a commanding view of everything. you have a commanding view for miles. on the other side, we have the ocean and over here we have complete mastery of everything around until the earth came into play. we can see ships moving back and forth. we can see how many blockade ships from the u.s. navy were out front. we can even see blockade runners that are too close to fort fisher so we can actually protect. from here, men can stand on top. and where these trees are now, they have been clear-cut for half a mile. you can see the united states army soldiers massing to get ready for your attack that would actually come in here. from this vantage point, you have to understand how attractive psychologically this fort actually was. this was the largest earthwork fortification in the confederacy in the american civil war. i

after 44 years together, britain officially started the process of severing its ties with the european union. in a letter notifying the eu of brexit, the british prime minisiter praised european values and insisted that britain can hold on to its trade benefits with the eu even after it has left. the ousted south korean president, park geun—hye, is due in court for a hearing that will decide whether to approve an arrest warrant against her over corruption allegations. her supporters gathered outside the district court in the capital ahead of that hearing. —— court. now it's time for a look back at the day in parliament. hello and welcome to wednesday in parliament, the main news from westminster: the united kingdom has triggered article 50 of the lisbon treaty — starting the process for leaving the european union. the prime minister issues a call for unity. we can together make a success of this moment and we can together build a stronger, fairer, better britain. a britain our children and grandchildren are proud to call home. i commend this statement to the house. but as brexit talks begin,

translation: we the european union will conduct fair and constructive talks. ritish government will approach the negotiations in the same spirit. chancellor merkel also stressed the importance of deciding the fate of eu citizens living in the uk and british citizens in the eu, asap. brussels and london agree, thankfulfor one issue at least to unite around. let's find out how the triggering of article 50 has gone down in brussels. my colleague, ben brown, is there. i was just i wasjust reading i was just reading tonight the comments from angela merkel. she says only when the questions of divorce are cleared up, can we subsequently talk about the future. this is one of the key issues. the europeans want to talk about divorce first. the prime minister wants to talk about the future relationship as well as the divorce terms? yeah, thatis as well as the divorce terms? yeah, that is absolutely right. i was talking to one member of the european parliament who was saying to me, the british want to go into the restaurant and have all the food together, all the various c