even the union new we won. you know what else, our opponents during arguments that all collective bargaining in the collective sector is political. one month later, justice scalia died. on my birthday we were rejected so we lost on my birthday. but you know what, i haven't lost hope. maybe that's a sign. i should have a lot of hope. something better is coming for another birthday. i have a little call to action for you today, we need your help. would you please adopt a teacher? and i am not kidding. everybody knows a teacher. there's a teacher in your church or synagogue, a teacher in your family, i bet you. there's a teacher in your neighborhood. one, two, three, a whole bunch of them? adopt at least one and do this. educating that teacher on truth. the truth that we can be certified, the truth about these bases that we shouldall be fighting for freedom, the truth that they don't need to be terrified all the time and then emphasize this and say don't get mad , emphasized. they are fully, constantly in a culture

the state union, 30% goes to the national union. that's a lot of money. and teachers represent that. -- teachers resent that. they have no problem with the local, but they have a real problem with that state and national. so in 2012, i realized i can't make my voice be heard in this union union, my school district was terrified of the union. so i started writing editorials in the local newspaper. all i wanted to do was just educate the community, and educate my fellow educators on, look, we don't have to put up with this, we have to stand up for what's right for the children, that's why we're there, right? we're there for the children, so i started writing these editorials. and thank god, within six months, i had this opportunity to bring a lawsuit, a national lawsuit and i had the blessing of being the lead plaintiff so fredericks versus the california teachers association became our case. and we had one just very simple argument. the teachers should be able to decide for ourselves without fear or coercion whether or not to join or

the state union, 30% goes to the national union. that's a lot of money. and teachers represent that. they have no problem with the local, but they have a real problem with that state and national. so in 2012, i realized i can't make my voice be heard in this uni union, my school district was terrified of the union. so i started writing editorials in the local newspaper. all i wanted to do was just educate the community, and educate my fellow educators on, look, we don't have to put up with this, we have to stand up for what's right for the children, that's why we're there, right? we're there for the children, so i started writing these editorials. and thank god, within six months, i had this opportunity to bring a lawsuit, a national lawsuit and i had the blessing of being the lead plaintiff so fredericks versus the california teachers association became our case. and we had one just very simple argument. the teachers should be able to decide for ourselves without fear or coercion whether or not to join or fund a union. that seems pr

caught between the union army of the potomac with nowhere to go behind him because the union garrison at harper's ferry is still in existence. so what lee will decide on the morning of september 15th is that temporarily he is going to make a stand behind antietam creek on the high ground overlooking the creek, at a place called sharpsburg. lee is only standing there temporarily, momentarily, to save lafayette mclaws, draw mcclellan and the union army away from mclaws and towards lee. that's the idea. but when lee arrives on the east bank of antietam creek on the morning of september 15th, he is greeted with something that he probably does not expect, but certainly it is something that he likes very much. and it's this. it's a great view today. anyone wants to go up to the pry house and see this view, you can get it. robert lee wasn't exactly where the pry house was when he had this view on september 15th and the view would have been even better. far less trees. lee would have had a great view of the ground on the other side of the antietam. today, of course, you can see as i've labele

the union armies of very confused. some of the defenses touched on, quote" -- impressive defensively of touched on here, many of them reaction to changed circumstance, dealing with christ. arguably, the best defenses are the ones that never get test. confederate defenses -- are so that the other side simply decides not to attack, or if they do -- it's a disaster. i sent an unfinished preparation and timing, without a chance or the battle guilt, that leaves us with reactive moments, moments of crisis. leadership becomes paramount, and troops themselves often end up forming the most critical piece of our great defense. this line of troops that you see initially, designated --ey're part of command and full of men ranging from a aren't too there many single forms. regimentsa couple of loaned out. and the negley actually leaves on regiment. it's on the end of the line there. he loans that out and to help stabilize the line. this is not, at this point, a hierarchical military organization anymore. the structure for sue ridge,

you can make the union army dance to your tune. you can pick the mode of warfare, just like joe johnson said at yorktown, if we allow the enemy to pick his motive warfare, this is a war we cannot win. lee has to pick his motive warfare. now, the offensive potential of robert e. lee's offensive, not defensive, so to speak, and i will shield myself from anyone that is throwing rotten tomatoes at me for speaking about a supposed offensive at great defenses of the civil war, but this so often is portrayed as a defense that sometimes this gets overshadowed. the offensive of potential on lee's army on the northern end of the battlefield is shifting the army to the northern side of sharpsburg is displayed at about 9:30 in the morning on september the 17th. the union's second corps has arrived on the battlefield. and edward sumner has led 5,000 men under john sedgwick from east to west into the west woods. in 15 minutes, sedgwick's division is cleared from the west woods and loses 42% of its soldiers. an entire division of the union army ne

an entire division of the union army nearly wrecked. and this attack by lee, which by the way is the only point on the antietam battlefield where the confederates are going to have more troops at the tip of the spear than the union army would, this is going to force the union army, the union high command, more pacificsly edwin summoner, back into the defensive. so now the initiative is not in george mcclellan's hands but resting in no-man's lands. talking about the pursuit, stuart is talking about getting more troops to follow up the success. the confederate army is looking to grab that initiative in no man man's land, and take it and turn it in their favor. this is the situation on the end of the battlefield. you can see the confederate battle line is starting to coalesce. he's even bring up soldiers that had been engaged in the morning's battle and once again bringing them to the north, trying to do whatever he possibly can to take this initiative back. you'll see the union army is also amassing troops on the northern end, pbut the con

the union destroyed confederate possibility to wage war. instead, the confrontations between yankee soldiers and slaveholding women were intentional and inseparable from the events and tactics that the traditionally emphasized. these confrontations also illuminated soldiers understanding of manliness and masculinity. the response of confederate soldiers to the homefront campaign is often best oferstood through the lens southern manhood. during the march, confederate toen and little choice but confront each other. soldiers and civilians expected the gender would restrain each other's behavior. hiddenrate women valuables and weapons under their skirts and their bedroom and in babies cribs and they demanded the protection afforded to respectable women. when face-to-face with the enemy , they also responded with the feminine weapon of words keeping vitriolic tirades on those they thought as ungentlemanly invaders. ther first recounting invaders, a south carolinians reported the union soldiers who ran back her family plantation said of the women

in 1861, the union captured the area and buford became this union stronghold. had charleston citizens very worried because they were so close. brian: why did the civil war start in charleston? cate: south carolina was the first state to secede. austin was known as the spiritual capital of the confederacy. it was not as strategical place to capture as it would be a moral victory for the union. it quickly became a place where the union wanted to capture it and they wanted to prove to the south that they were the victor. brian: the war actually started on what date? do you remember? cate: april 12, 1861. that's right. [laughter] brian: how many people lived in that part of the united states? cate: i mean, compared to the north, there were a lot fewer people living in the south, but charleston was a place where a lot of -- during the international slave trade, about 60% of slaves who came into the country came through charleston. it was a major port in the country. and it was, like i said before, a very important spiritual capital of the confederacy. a lot of good

copy to in the union army of the potomac with nowhere to go behind him because the union garrison at harpers ferry is still in existence and has not surrendered yet. what he will decide on the morning of september 15 is the temporarily, he will make a stand behind antietam creek on the high ground overlooking the creek at a place called sharpsburg. he is only standing there against, momentarily, to save lafayette macaws -- to save robert e.and towards lee. when he arrives on the east bank he is greeted with something he does not expect and certainly something he likes very much. it is this. it is a great view today. anyone who wants to go up to the house and see this view you can get it. wasn't exactly where this was when he had this view on september 15 and that you would have been even better. far less trees. robert e. lee would've had a great view of the ground and the other side of antietam. today you can see as i've labeled, the new york monument visitor center, the cornfield, and things like that. he did not have any of that to look at. what he saw with his trained eye -- the fi

working for the union from port royal. but smalls was given an incredible opportunity that he embraced as he embraced all the opportunities he was given to speak on behalf of the port royal experiment, which was something that was going on after beaufort and port royal was captured, the whites fled which is not something the union had anticipated. 10,000 slaves were left behind and were now in the care of the government. the union army, which was already running low on food. they needed help, so the port royal people were already asking for donations in the north, but a reverend french got the idea that smalls would make a great example as a speaker. he could go around the north and talk to people and help raise awareness and money, and that's what he did. he spent a few months doing, and in the course of that he was sent to washington where he met with abraham lincoln and several members of his cabinet. and actually brought back the first orders authorizing a black regiment from the secretary of war to beaufort. host: how

from the union. it was very deadly for the confederates. variation of confederate fortifications very. redoubt, not quite afford -- a fort. an open back end, the confederates had an earthwork called the great redoubt. thank you. [laughter] grant can get into the city on may 19. unperturbed -- you know u.s. grant. he don't give up. three days later, grant decides to renew the assault again. may 19, he's going to -- excuse me, may 22, six economy morning, he's going to open up a massive altar larry -- artillery bombardment. the navy would join in, huge rocketing into the confederate lines and into the city itself. that 10:00, they set their watches, the first assault that was overclocked. they all got together and synchronize their watches. by 10:00, the union infantry goes forward. they surge across those deep ravines. a couple stories, now you can see how wide this assault is. remember, may 19 was just here. may 22, look where grant is going. consulting all those confederate strongholds. -- he's assaulting all those confederate strongholds.

ahead of the deadline, tensions have escalated with the union describing it as "one of the nastiest anti—unionistory. michelle fleury reports from canton, mississippi. they have launched this antiunion campaign. we have done our research on the uaw. we are at a plant where we have to struggle and fight just to have the right to vote. the fight to have the right to vote. the fight to form a union at a nissan factory in canton, mississippi. we are fighting for the rights to rely on each other. for14 fighting for the rights to rely on each other. for 14 years, workers at this plant in canton, mississippi, have an engaged in a battle with management for the right to have a union. mississippi has typically been resistant to letting in unions. this time, workers here are hopeful they have a chance. i want a plan. i wa nt they have a chance. i want a plan. i want health and safety. equal opportunity. i got hurt and i have been dealing without the whole time. so, it has been a rough process. i think the union would stand up for us. think the union would stand up for us. not everyone wants the union. t

an entire division of the union army nearly wrecked. and this attack by lee, which, by the way, is the only point on the antietam battlefield where the confederates are going to have more troops at the tip of the spear than the union army will, is in the west woods. this attack is going to force the union army, the union high command on the northern end of the battlefield, most specifically edwin sumner, back into the defensive. so now the initiative is not in george mcclellan's hands, it is resting in no man's land waiting for somebody to grab it on the northern end of the battlefield. and you see what jeb stewart writes in his afteraction report, talking about the pursuit of sedgewick's division from the west woods. stewart is talking about getting more troops to follow up the success. the confederate army is looking to grab that initiative in no man's land, take it and turn the tide of the campaign once again in their favor. throughout the late morning, early afternoon of the 17th, this is the situation on the northern end of the batt

the invasion of their home, by union soldiers. although she acknowledged it was widely reported that, quote, terms were private property respected, women and children unmolested, end quote. she wanted her son to know those terms were a sham. the wretch, as she calls them, had disregarded the prohibitions about women and their possessions. and had, instead, quote, rushed into our house to pillage. the destruction of her private property took all forms. not only had the soldier, quote, smashed open desks, broke open drawers with axes and asked for keys to corn house and smoke house, end quote, but they had also entered the feminine innersanctum of the home, the bedrooms. she was horrified that they had, quote, crept under the bed. and she was especially mortified they did not even leave her, quote, a second suit of underclothes. end quote. they also confiscated many seemingly trivial domestic items. all of which made her personally feel the sting of the raid. they left with, quote, the calm with which i curl my hair and broke open my

he was also deeply commit today the union, to preserve the united states as a union of different states, very diverse. north versus south is one. but also east versus west. he was one of the leading proponents if we tie the union together by way of railroads and canals as well as reform, that will only strengthen the union. and that seemed to him as pressing priority, that we're going to explore did not usually encourage the expression of an anti-openen slavery given position in politics. and then over his career, he was involved with the united states presence, prospects and profile out in the larger world as a diplomat and as secretary of state. and so for him american sovereignty always seemed under threat especially from the british and always needed to be protected. and that's another core principle as we're going to see really complicated the way he interacted with slavery. so with those big priorities, the personal political aspects, that of his party, that of the union and that of the united states on the larger world stage, that i hope should set the context. in john quincy ada

she reported an exchange she had with the union soldier. when asked if she was ready to give up, she responded the imminently, " -- vehemently, " no. it would make us more determined and drive any man into the field. it was a good thing for us." when that yankee soldiers suggested that southern men needed to come home and take care of their families, she disagreed area she said the women would take care of themselves, that she was willing to suffer and their calamity. calamity.r c-- bear stories like this one, told frequently by confederate women and confirmed by union soldiers, build the historical record of sherman's campaign. the details of these stories typically support one another. although confederate soldiers reported these incidents with rage, while union soldiers wrote about these incidents with pride . those who brought war on the country deserve all the curses and allegations that people -- and maledictions that people can pour out. sherman's march through the georgia -- through georgia and the carolinas confederate women and uni

the union soldiers came in and the union used this building as a baracks during the civil war.right in this doorway is where they were inaugurating mr. haas right before shelling started and they were out of the building shortly before the union army took it over. there are some original pieces that were in the room during the time that they used the building. the individual representative desks that you see here are reproduction. the pieces that are original to the building are the pieces towards the front of the room. on this side, we have the clerk's desk or the scribe. that is the person who would be responsible for taking care of the vote in the house chamber of any piece of legislation that was voted on. in my opinion, he would have been speaker of the house right-hand man in here. also, we have the speaker of the house desk and chair. again, another original piece to the building. a lot of great detail work on that chair and on the desk. and then the other pieces that are original to the room, we have two desks in the very far corner over here that are original to this b

he was committed to the union to preserving the kbrats as a fed rated union of delivering states, very diverse, north versus south is one. stress runs throughout that union, but also east versus west. this is overlapping with his commitment to building railroads. he was one of the leading proponents of the idea that, if we tie the union together by means of railroads and canals as well as moral reform, that will only strengthen the union, and that seemed to him a pressing priority that, as we're going to explore, did not usually encourage of the open antislavery position given how deeply divisive that was in american politics. and then for a high percentage of his career, as we're going to examine over the next few minutes, he was involved with the united states' presence, prospects and profile out in the larger world as a diplomat and as secretary of state. so for him,him, american sovereignty always seemed under threat, i understand from the british, and always needed to be protected. and that's another core principle as we're going to see really complicated the way he interacted wit

but it did preserve the union for the tay to decade to come. specifics included the introducing the idea of organizing territory that came into the united states from america can war under doctrine of popular sovereignty and that meant people of this or that territory when they were ready to come into the union they could decide for themselves if they would be a free or a slave state. the first state that would come in, first territory that would come in that way would be the kansas territory. in 18 54 and it led to what is what was called in history the little civil war. in kansas -- >> now 1850 can you say that compromise preserved the union. >> i could say it preserved the union, yes. at that time -- there were other compromises that preserved the union. the compromising of 1820 for example. the compromise that was made between the founding fathers which they came to write the u.s. constitution. all of these compromises over slavery were integral to keeping america together as a country. the northern and southern sections. it was something t

this starts with the idea of a temporary customs union that looks as as much like the current union ass but it needs to be agreed by the rest of the eu which may be thinking, if it ain't broke, don't fix it. a tricky issue is that during this transition period which could last up to three years, the uk wants to be able to negotiate its own trade deals around the world and there is no sign that the rest of the eu will agree to that. then there are the longer—term proposals for what would follow this temporary fix. one suggestion is what they are calling a highly streamlined customs arrangement, using technology to cut paperwork and to allow fewer vehicle checks. it would take years to set up such a scheme so work to prepare for it would have to start straightaway. notjust on british ports but also in france, netherlands and ireland. the alternative uk suggestion is for a new customs partnership between the uk and the eu which would dispense with any customs border altogether. outside a customs union, that does not really exist anywhere in the world and it raises many questions, with the

that's where louisiana seceded from the union. and the vote to bring his impeachment hearing to the senate took place. although other historic issues took place. governor blanco served during the katarina era. i served under the governor for four years myself when i was in the senate. i'll bring you now into the house chambers attention, a beautiful room. as you can see we bring forth the stained glass on both -- as you'll see in both the house and senate side. this is the room that louisiana would have seceded from the union during the civil war. it would have been where they had many of the raging debates with about louisiana lottery at the time, gambling, in that era. you can see on both sides are the fireplaces. at that time this is how we heated the building. >> what were some of the discussions during the talk about secession. >> one of the interesting things is that 80% of the delegates here to secede from the union were actual slave owners. the outcome of the vote was predetermined. the mean or average income of the individ

now, missouri goes ahead of the union. it's the republican government and the republican government is created by the war that's almost non-existent in the state in 1860. the strongest unionist and those who are most active become republicans and so they carry out state emancipation. they again, have -- they're not covered by -- they're not a part of the union occupation and the confederacy and later on when the reconstruction passes, it doesn't cover missouri. so they enact what's called the iron clad oath where you have to swear that you did not do one of 86 different acts of disloyalty in order to vote, preach the gospel and be an officer to serve on juries, et cetera. they are -- there is a sort of soft, conservative unionist movement. they are unionist, but they're not so harsh. you have the stronger unionists who become the republicans and they're locally called radicals, but we shouldn't confuse them with the radical republicans in washington. so the radicals are a minority and they can only maintain power and carry

the u.s. army saying union men are terrified and leaving the county. that union troops are sent to investigate reports of an armed pistol company. one of them says, everybody is wearing a gun, i can't tell. everyone has a pistol strapped to their hip. even boys plowing in the fields. there's violence and turmoil. at the end of 1866 on election day, archie clement leads the old group of guerrillas and he occupies the town of lexington. the most important missouri town and occupies and swings the election to the democrats. because the republicans wisely stay at home. what happens is the state governor declares a state of emergency and sends in malitia. archie clement ends up being killed. and what happens? darell samuels is still having kids and names the son archie after archie clement. so by 1869, i'm going quickly through the history, and you can certainly ask questions, jesse james has a choice. all the old guerrilla leaders who followed archie clements have been found or given up by the missouri governor be. uh in 1869, jesse james and his brother fr

the union engages a small battery force there and is unable to knock out the gun. why is that big? because grant doesn't have his landing spot. what does u.s. grant do? never thinks about retreating. he simply just has the navy go further south. he marches his army a little bit further south to brewensburg and he crosses right there on april 29th. now grant has a foothold within mississippi. april 30th his army continues to cross, and basically by the night of april 30th he's got 20,000 men. 20,000 men across mississippi. the confederates for that matter -- and this is what grant does really well. grant leavds a feint. william t. sherman if you have ever heard of him, is going to be north. i once went to a civil war party one time. i went in the bathroom, and i'm not kidding y'all, they had a role of sherman toilet paper. so there's a feint up above here with sherman. let's get into the confederate defense of vicksburg. i'm about to talk about john c.pemberton in a second. pemberton, the confederate commander, is sitting here in vicksburg and bites on this feint. while grant is mar

, by the way. unions in the united states were not very well organized at this time. the first union started in the earliest -- two decades after the civil war. there were unions before, but they were usually specific, like the engineering and locomotive unions. national unions did not start to take shape until later in the century. what is really important is the first thing that they organized. standardizing the work day. workers worked from day to night. they didn't choose. remember one thing people really don't understand about this case is workers were paid by the day or week. usually by the week and usually at the time, by 1895, about $12 a week. the amount of time they worked during that day was up to the employer. there was no bargaining about it. the employer set those hours. and those hours were pretty darn long. in fact, in 1881, the bakers were on strike in new york. and what they were striking for was a 12-hour day. think about that. the improvement was to be a 12-hour day and they usually wo

the union used this building as a barracks during the civil war right in this doorway is where they were inewing our ating. as we move around the room here, another reason this room is significant, there are original pieces in the room during the time they used the building. the representatives you see here are reproductions. the pieces that are original to the building are the pieces toward the front of the room. on this side we have the clerk's desk or the scribe. that is the person who would be responsible for taking the vote on any piece of legislature that was voted on. he would have been the speaker of the house. we have the speaker of the house another original piece to the building. the other pieces that are original to the room, we have two desks in the far corner over here that are original to this building. they're individual representatives in the room. we're in the senate chamber of the state capitol. a little bit on the layout of the room, the desks in the center of the room were the senator's desk, and when they use this building, we had 38 senators, you will see all 38 de

the fight to form a union at the nissan factory in canton, mississippi.ght to vote or not to vote, but for the right to manipulate and lie to each other. for 14 years, workers at the nissan plenty have been engaged in a pitched battle with management over the right to form a union. mississippi, like many southern states, has typically been resista nt to southern states, has typically been resistant to letting in unions. this time, workers here are hopeful they have a chance. i want to have a voice in the plant. health and safety. like i said, equal opportunity. i got hurt on the line andl opportunity. i got hurt on the line and i have been dealing with that throughout the whole time. so it has beena throughout the whole time. so it has been a real process. and i think the union would really stand up for us. not everybody wants the union. nissan is the best thing that has happened to the state of mississippi. we are campaigning hard to keep the uaw out of our plant. we do not need an outside entity to tell us how to do what we are doing. to get its message

for joining the union. those are some of the big fears that people who were my students who lived the history through the families something that they reported. i actually made this comment to you in your papers for those of you who talked about fear as a theme to focus on, because this goes for all workers in this country, right when you look at the history of labor, right. we talked about the homestead strike in the 1890s where workers took over corn guy steel workers what happened to that sfriek it was crushed by the employer and pinker ton guards. and the 8:45 of joining a union and fear of doing that it took tremendous courage. but at the same point too i understand the other side. i understand why people went to work. my grandmother was not ha supporter of the uben. she took it as a point of pride almost as a consumer to not be told by anybody where she could and couldn't shop. right that's her outlook and world view. these are very good comments. others. there must be other issues. again i have questi

and this is the room that louisiana would have seceded from the union during the civil war. it would have been where they had many of the raging debates about louisiana lottery at the time, gambling in that era. you can see on both sides of the fireplaces, of course, at that time, this is how we heated the building. and -- >> what were some of the discussions during the talk about secession? >> well, i think one of the interesting things is that 80% of the delegates here to secede from the union were actual slave owners, so the outcome of that vote was pretty much predetermined, to be quite honest. the mean or the average income of those individuals exceeded $100,000. so you can imagine what $100,000 was worth in those days or by today's standards. we have a gallery up top that visitors could come and witness the proceedings. and again, this is where huey long, where we would have had the initial vote taken to bring the impeachment hearings to the other side. the senate chambers on huey long only for it to fail in that hearing. >> talk about the man who was behind the effort

for joining the union. those are the big fears that people who were my students who lived this history to their families that's something they reported. i made this comment in your papers for those who talk about fear as a theme to focus on. because this goes for all workers in the country. when you look at the history of labor. we talk about the homestead strike in the 1890s. workers took over karn gee steel works. what happened to that strike, it was crushed by td employer. so again the idea of joining a union and the fear of doing that, it took tremendous courage to do it. but at the same time i understand the other side. i understand why people went to work. my grandmother was not a supporter of the union. she took it as a point a pride as a consumer to not be told by anybody where she could and couldn't shop. that was her outlook and world view. these are very good comments. others. there must be other issues. again i have questions on the board. maybe i can pick on a few of you. so i'll let me start wi

the union members therefore by what should i say other areas of the economy in order not to get the unions out. it came to an end in about 1967 and indecisive way when ronald reagan went on strike he tired of them and that gave power to the firing it has a bigger multiply your events and other industries and effects and creates more services. it can be disputed but it's documented and that is number one and number two there is a chicken and egg question the unions start to lose their power because manufacturing and big companies. there is a case to be made manufacturing has been too little and too much ignored by the government. i think training has been too much ignored by the government. so i just wanted to add that. the unions are to the service oriented in a lot of communities are going to want those jobs, so how will we decide how we pull them out so it's not such a big gap? that will be an endless political discussion of who gets what factories where they go and the service sector for a different reason. that has to be said first and the first order of business. maybe you want to add

some of them choose to try to get back to the union lines of the union forces that are the cj charleston. the headquarters are on hilton head island. so these escaped prisoners follow the rivers and try to get back to the coast. it is a shorter route, but there are forces between them and the union army. the most popular route is they are going to travel northwest through south carolina and try to go to knoxville, tennessee which is occupied by the union army. this route will take them through south carolina, north carolina, and tennessee. there are prisoners who think that their best plan is to try to find sherman's army, which they know is operating in georgia and they suspect might be headed to augusta. these escaped prisoners are going to travel a very short route trying to get to augusta, , georgia where they hope to find sherman's army somewhere. so i think the journey of these , escaped prisoners gives us incredible insight into the final months of the confederacy in south carolina, north carolina, and tennessee, because these escaped yankees, unlike soldiers marching with sherman