the union mass 6 o thousand members. we have occasion member meetings and know those problems do exist today. in a fair and good government practices is for fair for everybody who takes the exam who is qualified for the job, not because they know some management to pay the job. they pay 202,000 and up to 10,000 for the job. many people are being hassed. i'm ellen. i work for the department of public health. i am a bargaining team member working with management to improve. they said a lot of things but we're not seeing the improvement. to this day no posters. for the purpose of record, i'm giving you my record of what i said today. i appreciate you guys take the time to volunteer for our city. i myself am working for the city. i'm proud of our city to provide diversity services to many citizens and undocumented citizens. we need people to be on board especially to hold people accountable for what they do i'd encourage you to work with miss lamb also -- miss lam also in regard to the complaints. >> commissioners, i have fol

tackling migration the european union and the african union get together to work out on how to deal with the flow of refugees from africa to europe. and pope francis holds an open air mass in the best majority me and mark tens of thousands of catholics turned out he calls on the people of myanmar to embrace peace and reconciliation. hello and welcome i'm on the touch good to have your company. not us present dollar trump says he handled the latest ballistic missile test fired by north korea china has voiced grave concern and says talks should be held to resolve the issue through peaceful means of pyongyang claims the latest test launches a new type of missile and some experts believe it could be capable of hitting any city in the united states. north korea triumphantly claims it has become a global nuclear power after a lot of over two months it has fired another intercontinental ballistic missile this one flew much higher than previous ones before landing in the sea of japan. state media announced the news in a special broadcast it said the launch was a complete success and that the new missile represented a giant leap forward. and well pyongyang frames this brings the

the european union. let's get more from t.w. correspondent beckett to mass who joins us from london welcome back it's a pretty patel's resignation follows the departure of defense secretary michael fallon last week i watched trouble is teresa mayes government. well treason may has been under a lot of pressure since the elections earlier in the year when she came back and only had a minority in the parliament so that was the first blow and now we've seen two resignations we've seen strong criticism for boris johnson the foreign secretary after a series of gaffes and pretty patel the international development secretary effectively doing some sort of freelance policy on her own without really intended telling anyone and that presents a picture of reason may really not being in charge and over the british government being anything but stable and in the words of one commentator somehow on mood even . so we have the latest round of blacks in negotiations beginning that day and think tomorrow how will they be affected by teresa mayes domestic political problems wel

the soviet union. that was a precedent the. heat was up to two hundred fifty thousand people gathered for mass independence rallies and billionaires in one thousand eight hundred nine. he told us once bagus was the leader of situs. nast. it is our right to look after our own affairs. and we will do better. yeah we do not need moscow to tell us what to produce and what price we should sell it at. someone who fixes the prices and leaves us only charity with. soviet helicopters circled above the masses dropping leaflets. but the propaganda no longer work it merely united the people and if you will there . yes. on august twenty third one thousand nine hundred nine exactly fifty years after the hitler stalin pact and robbed them of their independence around two million people formed a six hundred kilometer human chain from tallinn to riga to vilnius. members of the c.p.s.u. were resigning from the party. and finally because gorbachev went to lithuania himself but it was too late even his charm didn't work. the baltic countries were heading for the door and it was the first time a soviet leader had ever visited lithuania and the last. t

migration the european union and the african union get together to work out how to deal with the flow of refugees from africa to europe. plus in the next thirty minutes pope francis holds an open air mass in buddhist majority me and mark tens of thousands of catholics still in doubt he calls on the people of myanmar to embrace peace and reconciliation. i don't welcome. in a developed dramatic development at the u.n. war crimes tribunal for former yugoslavia a former bosnian croat military leader drank a liquid that he said was poison the man slobodan pryor lek made the move just after the judge had rejected his appeal and confirmed this trente year prison sentence the hearing was suspended. he was about to go to prison for what would probably be the rest of his life the judge confirmed to twenty year prison sentence and this i'm not a war criminal i oppose this conviction. stop place police adult confusion at first and then an attempt to move on to other business responsible but as the judge was dealing with the next case calls from within the court. the convicted military chief said he had taken action i have taken poison. gradually his claim is repeated. the potential gravity of the

paradise lost or paradise found will the latest mass leak of the financial papers that lead to a crackdown on tax havens will have an exclusive interview with the european union's tax chief pierre moscovici. i bring golf it's good to have you with us in germany could become the first european countries who allow for a third gender on birth certificates the country's top court today ruled that present day laws discriminate against intersex people and those are people who have a mixture of male and female sexual traits the court said that official documents should either recognize a third gender or remove gender entries altogether the change from binary gender choices to three choices is scheduled to take effect next year. fine you can hardly believe it the years of fighting for a third gender have finally been rewarded and. there are lots of places in society where there's a split between the sexes. so i have to ask myself again and again how do i define myself do i try to fit in or do i trust myself not to do so and how are people going to react and. it's an issue that directly affects vine year and around one hundred sixty thousand other intersex people in ger

the soviet union. that was a precedent the net. was up to two hundred fifty thousand people gathered for mass independence rallies and billionaires in one nine hundred eighty nine. he told us once bagus was the leader of situs. nast. it is our right to look after our own affairs. and we will do better. yeah we do not need moscow to tell us what to produce and what price we should sell it at. someone who fixes the prices and leaves us only charity with. soviet helicopters circled above the masses dropping leaflets. but the propaganda no longer work it merely united the people and if you will there . yes. on august twenty third one thousand eight hundred nine exactly fifty years after the hitler stalin pact and robbed them of their independence around two million people formed a six hundred kilometer human chain from tallinn to riga to vilnius. members of the c.p.s. you are resigning from the party. finally because gorbachev went to lithuania himself but it was too late even his charm didn't work. the baltic countries were heading for the door. it was the first time a soviet leader had ever visited lithuania and the last. time. on mar

and will the latest mass league of financial papers lead to a crackdown on tax havens? we will have an exclusive interview with the european union'sax chief, pierre moscovici. ♪ brent: i am brent goff. it is good to have you with us. germany could become the first european country to allow for a third gender on birth certificates. the country's top court today ruled that present laws discriminate against intersex people. those are people who have a mixture of male and female sexual traits. the court said official documents should either recognize a third gender or remove gender altogether. the change from binary gender choices to three choices is scheduled to take effect next year. reporter: vanja can hardly believe it. the years of fighting for a third gender have finally been rewarded. >> there are lots of places in society where there is a split between the sexes. so i have to ask myself again and again, how do i define myself? do i try to fit in, or do i trust myself not to do so, and how are people going to react? reporter: it is an issue that directly affects vanja and around 160,000 other intersex people in germany, people

the fire. >> reporter: there is going to be impact for mass transit? >> that's correct. there's two different tracks in the area where the fire is located. one is union pacific and the other is caltrain. caltrain will have an impact with trains. they have set up buses to treat the bridge arnds the area to get people to and from where they need to go. >> the fire is going to be burning, no injuries, i assume no cause for the fire. sometimes there are homeless camps along the area. >> the fire is under investigation at this point. this has been a problem area for fires due to the high population of homeless people that live in this area. we were just out here a couple nights ago for the same thing, for a grass fire in the area. >> we know the smoke was visible from the freeway. at least that's not a brake tapper. we want to let you go because you have another active fire. we'll bring the details on that as well. we'll work with mike in caltrain to figure out what the impact on traffic is going to be. the flames are out. at this point, a localized impact in the neighborhood in addition to the caltrain impact. kris sanchez, "today in the bay." >> thank y

the toba revolution commemorated here at mass over paul or. the shot that kicked off the revolution was fired from the washington or rural today it's a sparsely visited museum. for dimitri me action the soviet union is a closed chapter and its heroes are inch in history. yet the third not impressed by the communist revolution the only parallel i can see today is the concept of a people's revolution of course i'm a bit scared but i'm trying not to think about it we must be courageous that is the only way to achieve our goals. slips through the quarters sure they're beautiful. young people like dmitri me action view what's happened in st petersburg in one nine hundred seventeen as a coup a coup that led to repression and not emancipation of the people they're trying to fight the same tendency in contemporary russia. me action says the history of his hometown is a source of inspiration he even dreams of a true democracy in russia. when i look down on my city from up here it is clear that we have many talented people who are capable of building a beautiful city's people who want to improve their lives. one hundred years ago young people expressed the same hope hope that remains more relevant than eve

suppression when they know that voter fraud, there's no empirical support for the idea that we have mass voter fraud, undermining labor unions without saying that that's their real intent and so forth and so on. so, again, i think the point that you're raising is so important about how this cause contradicts our major religious traditions, and i just hope there will be more folks like you who will ask those questions and who will begin to think about this. because i think we're at one of those moments like the 1860s or the 1930s when we have some very anti-democratic forces at work in our society, and we all need to kind of take a deep breath and think hard about who we are and what we value as people, as citizens and what we want our country to be like. because what happens in the next 5-10 years is going to determine, i believe, the future for generations to come. the people that i write about say they want to achieve permanent change, and they think they're close to winning. so we are at a moment where we really need to drill down to our core values and think about who we are and where we want to see our society go. thank

the temps, union city low 50s. except for lingering light showers, our system is moving through. that will usher in a cool air mass. we should be about 63, 67, so we're below average. temperatures overover the weekend, except for the fog, if you're stuck in the fog, it can be tough. >> nice for the weekend? >> yes. >> thank you. >>>time is 4:49. toyota is recalling thousands of vehicles including a 2018 model because of bad equipment. more than 28,000, 2018 chr crossovers are being recalled because they may have a problem with the electronic parking brake. a separate recall is for prius hybrids 2012 to 2015. they have a fuse in the hybrid drive system which may cause the vehicles to lose power while driving >>tesla held the unveiling of their new electric semi truck last night. look at that, very sleek. elon musk set it will go zero to 60 in five seconds, even with a trailer attached. the price tag was not announced but musk said the truck will recharge in just 30 minutes at new mega-charging centers. >> one of the biggest questions we've been asked about electric trucks is well how far can they go because, well,

union. >>> it's been one month since the deadly mass shooting in have as will vegas.urvivors are finally able to help meet the people who saved them in their hour of ne need. >>> breaking news charges just filed against a suspect in the deadly new york city attack. we're heading live to new york city. >> kathy? >> in weather we're talking about the clouds out there. they are going to help keep temperatures up overnight tonight and those rain showers they'll stay to the north. we're talking another warmup for november. we'll take look at the seven day coming up. nobody delivers more for south jersey than steve sweeney. he stood up to north jersey special interests to increase funding for our schools. he stopped christie's commuter tax, saving south jersey residents over 200 million dollars. and he led the charge to pass paid family leave. aarp applauded sweeney for freezing property taxes for seniors and cutting prices on prescription drugs. "i got to take my hat off to him. he's a man of his word." steve sweeney. because there's more work to do to get south jersey's f

the human spirit which is what they try to do. >> break human beings physically as well.>> do mass deportations, executions and basically state terror which is characterized with the soviet union. the other thing i think that is worth really paying attention to in this day and age is that although communism has these high numbers of murders and so forth in the 20th century, they have states have learned how to sort of repressed people. but refine their tactics so they do not have to kill as many people in order to hold onto power and your seen in places like cuba and venezuela. >> mary, i have an idea which is that every american college should have a communist term abroad. give them three months or 1/4, send to cuba, north korea and say, just feel what it is like so you can learn what that kind of a system is likely to be either but for socialism goes down. okay i am going to be serious. but, there is a serious point which is the dream never dies. we still have people who think and look at cuba and said, that is a great system. healthcare is wonderful. >> including the previous presidential administration. but let's set that aside. i think you put your finger on the real prob

the continued union of catalonia inside spain! yeah. there were some scenes of violence in the aftermath of all those demonstrations by pro— fascist groups, but we can also say... with respect, alfred bosch, where was the mass you predicted? carles puigdemont referred to that in his press conference in brussels. the issue is whether we would like to see violence, whether we would like to see bloodshed, because the threat was there. we saw with the madrid government, the spanish government, we saw what they were capable of doing, sending police against ordinary unarmed defenceless civilians, and we saw that on october one, and you broadcast that all over the world. so we know what they are kept ball of doing. there we re very they are kept ball of doing. there were very serious threats on catalan society, and catalan petitions, like ca rles society, and catalan petitions, like carles puigdemont, received those threats, and they have decided to stop people mobilising. —— politicians. that would have led to a massive confrontation. does anyone wa nt a massive confrontation. does anyone want that? note. we are a peaceful and civilised people. we will carry on in and civilised people. we will carry onina and civ

the san bernardimatteo bridge. we've got some issues with mass transit. bart is not a problem. ace train number 1 is delayed out of stockton due to a fire near the tracks, union pacific is going to give them the clearance and we will check on that in a few. the 7:00 a.m. and 8:15 vallejo ferries are being replaced by buses this morning due to mechanical issues. back with more in just a few. >>> so let's talk about taking the ferry from vallejo to san francisco this morning. >> as sue just said you will be on that bus, engine trouble left a san francisco bay ferry boat with 300 passengers stranded for two hours last night. you are looking at photos from some of the commuters. the ferry was headed from san francisco to vallejo when both of its engines stalled. a tugboat had to tow it home. a bus bridge will be in place for the 7:00 a.m. run for vallejo to san francisco and the 8:15 run from san francisco to vallejo. >>> happening today, former first lady michelle obama will be in san francisco. >> he is this morning's keynote speaker at the sales force dream force convention. tiffany wilson is live outside moss coney center. good morning. >> reporter: good morn

the group climate's masses over three hundred members. of the one thousand two hundred governance has colleges universities and businesses have joined a public campaign called we still and a union of twelve states plus plus a recount has been founded by the governess of washington new york and california the united states congress alliance is a coalition of states that have reacted to president trump's decision. into west of there are united states from a climate treaty and the state stepped up taking it upon themselves to do the things that would be necessary if the united states were still at the table this is a coalition that can get as big as there are jurisdictions that are willing to work with us i think there's real hope that as states see other states joining and getting some benefit out of it that they'll decide that they want to be part of it to california is also working internationally in june twenty seventh team governor jerry brown signed a deal to work on climate change with china china looks to us now as a representative of the united states they want to see not just california of other states coming to china they want to send people here to learn from some of o

mass media mogul naomi your money. rick you've struck this thing down well the writers voted to unionize so it was good night and good luck for them joe ricketts hates unions more than he hates tax hikes. and sunshine. is it illegal to shut down a business in retaliation for workers' union no it's not it's illegal to threaten a shutdown which ricketts did but he's a billionaire it's only illegal if it angers the billionaires these were newspaper writers and they were at the bottom of the writer hierarchy you know how it goes it goes dead novelists living novelist screenplay writer female writers authors of nutrition facts whoever named my nail polish miami way amie. and then write underneath that local news reporting source. oh it what are we losing here with these wild local news las was the first to cover ice arresting a father when he was dropping his kids off at school and d.n.a. and folks covered the outbreaks of legionnaire's disease in the bronx but it'll be fine you'll hear about the next outbreak when you get the disease. you'll start coughing and that'll be local news. look there's growing news deserts in this c

there and some members the european union parliament, as well as the initial parliament, also, we are conducting currently activities with institutes of madrid dealing with weapons of mass destruction. and we are also cooperating with see, as we know, it is dealing with improvised explosive devices to save lives. to be proud academically able to contribute however modestly, to this discussion. trymore thing, we usually to express a deep sympathy with victims of terrorism. we always look at the calendar and so on and so forth. wouldthis is november, i like to mention that in 1979 of the americanow embassy will see extremist militants and they were held captive for 44 days as we know. and as far as spain is were -- inall of us march 2000 74, where they affect clearly, thisnd andthe most dramatic history of europe. and again, with these brief comments, i would like to invite you to speak as long as you want here and we can develop a discussion dialogue with our distinguished audience. >> thank you. our pleasure to be here. you have the a tradition, i -- throughto enter , i have thee ,pportunity with politics particularly with regard to the terror, and also to enhance conne

foreign service association, the union that represents the foreign service, that senior career services officers are leaving in droves. now it -- the numbers don't suggest a massxodus, but as heather said, there is a real morale problem here at the state department. the career foreign service, these longtime diplomats that have served republican and democratic administrations, they don't feel that their expertise is really valued. and that goes across the administration. it's really felt here at the state department. now when secretary tillerson goes across the world and talks to the embassies, he's always telling those employees that there are 25,000 worldwide, your work is valued. but here in washington, here in the billing i think there is a morale problem that the state department is starting to realize that they need to address and they're trying to do that. >> saying it out loud at the state department briefing. elise, thank you very much. for me in washington. >>> i want to get to a major update now to this harrowing story that cnn first reported on this past week. our crew traveled into libya to track down a dark secret and they found it. our cameras w

mass and buddhist majority mian mark tens of thousands turn out for the celebration he calls on the people of the country to embrace peace and reconciliation. and tackling migration the european union and the african union get together to work out how to deal with the flow of migrants from africa to europe. i'm brian thomas welcome to the show u.s. president donald trump says he will handle the latest ballistic missile test by north korea china has been voicing its grave concern and has called for talks to resolve the crisis going on claims its latest test launches a new type. and some experts believe it could be capable of having any say in the united states. that. north korea claims it has become a nuclear power after a lull of over two months it has again fired an intercontinental ballistic missile one that flew at a much higher altitude then past launches before landing in the sea of japan. to it . state media and now as the news they said the country's leader kim jong un declared with pride that now we have finally realized the great historic cause of completing the status nuclear force. on young claims the new missile brings the whole u.s. mainland within its range a direct c

the wright brothers never intended to use that as a weapon of mass destruction. in behalf of the problem with russia. and those that have written against the soviet union that have been attacked of social media in their lives were destroyed. >> but i want to bring up something where it has been brought to mind attention images of innocent people to be used to create a false persona like on the dating sites. but sometimes they use the person's name. so pretending to be someone else but that is not the reputation you want to. and then to bring me up to speed that was intended to be for good use turned into a tool for various behavior not always political. >> when we have a responsibility to redress for interference of the platforms read give that probably to prevent the platform from being a brigit -- abuse of any kind. fyi have identified. so that is a concern of ours. and those that investigate with child safety and looking at behavior of the platform that is consistent to warrant investigation. ebony thing it is leading to real world harbor crow. >> to make sure people's physical safety is secure and also as i alluded to earlier we have a good track r

religious and ethnic tolerance not a mass in million dollars but will his words have any influence on the country's treatment of its range of population. now european union negotiators say britain is on the verge of agreeing abraxane vellum that is very brechtian bell and it's very close to the use terms exactly exciting stuff a breakthrough could be look at you joe wilson is that thank you i do my best sometimes these topics really bore but this one's coming along it sounds like it could be right britain owes the bloc money from long term financial obligations like investment programs and infrastructure projects agreed before the in out referendum the amounts and method of calculation is what's been causing such a stir and blocking talks from moving on but the two sides appear to be close to a deal newspaper reports say that they've reached an agreement in principle for the u.k. to pay forty five to fifty five billion euros to the e.u. critics are accusing british prime is that reason may of selling the u.k. short a settlement could mean that real negotiations about future relations and trade could stop soon. the u.s. economy continues to expand at a fa

unionism. chris, for the moment, thank you very much indeed. two men have been interviewed by detectives after an altercation at a central london tube station created masstended a police station voluntarily following an appeal, and the inquiry is continuing. 16 people were treated after they were injured fleeing oxford circus station. armed officers were called following reports of gunshots but investigators now say there is no evidence weapons had been fired. dr chris cocking is an expert in the social psychology of crowd behaviour from the university of brighton. he says that the availability of social media may have led to the scenes of fear we saw yesterday in central london. 0lly murs, for example, who has nearly 8 million followers on twitter, was vilified for treating that he was in selfridge's and heard gunshots. to be fair, in that situation, he did not know better at that time. the crucial thing is that to avoid false rumours circulating on social media, the authorities should be providing as much honest information as possible about the incident will stop unfortunately, in these situations, there is often the fear that if they provide informa

you can imagine the members of the hollywood ten wanted the masses of people that they had fought for. their union their benefits. >> hollywood loves to make movies about failed revolutions. so even back in the 1930s you have a number of films about the mexican revolution. you have and sparta kus a failed revolution. but the lesson is revolutions will fail. >> fire! >> planet of the apes. michael wilson was one of the great screen writers of the hollywood reds. he cowrote oscar winning films. bridge in the river kwi. lawrence of arabia. and couldn't use his name. and in planet of the apes, by that time, i guess that was in the late 60s. he was able to use his name. and you know there's a scene in there that's a court and it's all like dialogue taken from the hollywood blacklist. you can almost hear them saying are you now or have you ever been an ape? a member of the ape party? and so they very deliberately put their politics into different generas. you can see when they had the chance, they would express their politics. but often in very creative and filmic ways. >>. ♪ ♪ [ applause ] >> how very

open air mass and buddhist majority of me and mark tens of thousands turn out for that he calls on the people of myanmar to embrace peace and reconciliation. on tackling migration the european union and the african union get together to work out how to deal with the flow of migrants from africa to europe. i'm brian thomas a very warm welcome to the show u.s. president doll trump says he will handle the latest ballistic missile test by north korea is claiming its twentieth launch this year is a new type of missile and some experts believe it could be capable of hitting any city in the united states. north korea claims it has become and you can't paula off to a low of over two months it has again finds an intercontinental ballistic missile one that flew at a much higher altitude then past launches before the. ending in the sea of japan to it. state media and now is the news they said the country's leader kim jong un declared with pride that now we have finally realized the greatest story course of completing the status nuclear force. young claims the new missile brings the whole u.s. mainland within its range a direct challenge to donald trump but this time the u.s. president's rea

an open air mass and buddhist majority of myanmar and of thousands turned out for that he calls on the people there to embrace peace and reconciliation. tackling migration the european union and the african union get together to work out how to deal with the flow of migrants from africa to europe. last we visit one of the most dangerous places on the planet the sleepy looking town one hundred or us as the third highest murder rate in the world we look at the work being done to keep street children safe now out of the hands of the gangs. i'm brian thomas a very warm welcome to the show. u.s. president al from says he will handle the latest missile test by north korea the government there claims it's a new type of missile and some experts believe it could be capable of hitting the eastern seaboard of the united states. that. north korea claims it has become a nuclear power after a lot of over two months it has again fired an intercontinental ballistic missile one that flew at a much higher altitude then past launches before landing in the sea of japan. state media and the news they said the country's leader kim jong un declared with pride that now we have finally realized t

european union are welcoming initial steps by the side in a military coalition to lift its blockade on yemen the government held southern port of aden is now open but says it's not enough to prevent masses starvation u.n. and aid agencies are demanding a full lifting of the restrictions to avoid a humanitarian catastrophe not on a haunt has the latest. hot sun is desperate to get out of yemen these pills of what's keeping his wife alive her condition requires treatment in egypt but on monday their planes were put on hold when the saudi led coalition imposed a complete blockade from the lend ear and see it was in response to a ballistic missile fired into saudi arabia by humans who three roubles but not everything is hanging on this treatment it is critical for my wife's life humans national airline says it will resume international flights out of a ports in the southern cities of aden and say your own both of which are operated by the saudi led coalition but that offers little relief for her son and his wife they live hundreds of kilometers away in the capital sunnah which is part of the sixty percent of territory under who see control they must prepare for a dangerous and difficult jou

union open to the armed forces, the dod, veterans, and their families. ♪ >> melissa: investigators in las vegas releasing details about the deadliest mass shooting in modernistory, we now know that the killer fired over 1100 rounds from his mandalay bay hotel room into the concert crowd below. they also said he had 4,000 more rounds ready to go inside that sweet. authorities had still not determined a motive or why he stopped shooting when he did. 58 people died in the concert attack back in october. >> leland: three families mourned the loss of their sailors in the crash of a navy supply laid out in the pacific, there are troubling new questions about the spike in the number of what the military calls crashes out of planes, helicopters, and ships killing more service members than those dying in combat. with us now, director of defense studies at the national center, good to see you as always. john mccain always a long time supporter of the military calls these self-inflicted wounds, agree? >> i agree 100%. just because you have the world's biggest, baddest military doesn't mean your equipment can't get holes. this plane that we are talking about as the p

union is probably not likely in the short-term. i think the likelier threats remain the use of russia's , inical battlefield weapons order to deescalate a battlefield event, a terrorist device or weapon of mass distraction, or a rogue regime. it is basically one guy who has a bad night and gets up and decide he wants to do something about it. it is important understand this. this whole debate is about first use. i want to touch on a topic that was in the cold war in the context of a conventional advantage, but we also saw it in the gulf war, the notion of calculated ambiguity. , believe it served us in both particularly in 1991 when saddam hussein was tended to use biological or chemical weapons. one of the reasons he cannot pursue it was there was calculated ambiguity about whether or not that would trigger a u.s. nuclear response. i think we could all foresee what that conflict would have looked like, had he deployed biological and or chemical agents he had in his possession that he could eventually could have used. ambiguity still and apart concept in a 21st century, about whether or not the united states retains strike first should they use a weapon of mass distraction? ambiguity -- is c