they see the potential for unions. so that's one of the things that though we've, even had trends of declining unionization, right? e have future generations recognizing a great need for them. >> della lives in new york on line.emocrats you're on with david madeline, hello. caller: good morning. of the problems for unions and labors in the united states is that we have globalized the corporations to move their jobs elsewhere, to move their jobs to place has where banned, like n bangladesh. and how can we compete with this? we have to globalize the rights of unions to move all over. wherever we have a trade agreement, we have to make sure hat the people in that country and that place have the right to right to on, have the collective bargaining. guest: the caller hits on a things, the e way -- the changes in the economy and our government olicies have given capital, owners of capital and corporations a lot more power about.edom to move but they haven't at the same time strengthened workers to be to negotiate for themselv

he invited to join the union as a free state and you have to give a trade-off. you are free to come in the way you are and we are not going to support the expansion of slavery he ended up supporting the proviso so they started threatening to secede and there was to be a convention in nashville to contemplate the issue of the secession which they decided to leave the union over the policy and a number of compromised bills come to the floor in congress initiated by henry clay at the finest hour to set up the different disputes from the country. so the territory of arizona and new mexico would come in without addressing the issue of slavery from his perspective it isn't going to work in the desert anyway. why slavery is not going to work here and to fix the boundary committee claimed a wide swath of new mexico's land and threatened to invade mexico over it and will fix the texas boundary but also pay off some of the debt. most controversial in the compromise package is is a new fugitive slave law mechanism for returning them to successfully returning them to the own

more is known about the union californian units. they became the 69th, 71st, and 72nd, 160 pennsylvania volunteers. all told, california divided -- provided more troops per capita than any other state in the civil war. california also sent monthly over $5 million in gold to purchase war bonds. more than any other state. and they gave more money than any other state, in gold, to the sanitary commission for the entire duration of the war. i would say that california gave both blood and treasure to the war. that had a great deal to do with it. one of the things that has come across really clearly from yesterday to today is how important it is to look at primary documents. primary documents for historians are looked at by a process known as a close reading. close reading is a careful, briefned examination of a text. it is interpretive in nature and focuses on the specifics. try to put the passage you are reading into such context as possible. reading. as a historian, you need to know a lot about the general to understand the specific. le

the men repelled all the unions attacks. fighting spread to the orange plank roadway the third corps arrived. all that initially stood between the rebels and the road, which if that would've wrecked wrecked grant's of vincent at the very beginning was a single regiment, the fifth new york cavalry fought a brilliant delaying action until a second core and the division six corps arrived. the infantry division stopped the troops in a bloody battle that lasted hours and left the woods inflames. the second core was the largest, most famous, hardest fighting for in the army of the potomac. when hancock, grant's most reliable general, commanded it. grant would turn to hancock and the second core again and again. when hancock's divisions collided with a third corps at the plank road, the jungle like vegetation and the thick smoke made it impossible to see more than a dozen pieces ahead in the dark woods. that is until sheets of enemy fire lit up the woods and then fell dead or wounded. the 46 north carolina called it a butchery, pure

the union benefited by being able to get mail regularly. communication with the home front is evidence of the contrasty soldiers made with those they left behind. counted on the home front. they were obligated to sustain army morale. the soldier expected home to support the war effort. for most soldiers, democrats and copperheads in general, and mcclellan in particular, raised their ire. soldiers were politically influential over their families and community. a person who criticized lincoln criticized the war. criticizing the war criticized the soldier. this sort of person became a traitor. "daddy, i am in sober earnest when i say do not waver in your devotion. what are the sympathizers are so we can settle with them when we come home." another island wrote "the longer i stay in the army, the worst i fee -- the worse i feel towards the copperheads. " drift mcclellan faired very poorly -- george mcclellan tapered area poorly. they called him the most treacherous traitor of them all. they said that the election of mcclellan would be the worst

he would have driven the united south out of the union. one of the most important things of lincoln did was to preserve the border states. 's, perhaps, would love to have gone on my side, but i need kentucky. he cannot win this fight without the border states. missouri, kentucky, maryland, delaware and opted to succeed, the task, with a ben today to accomplish. by waiting and waiting for us out to initiate hostilities he was able to preserve the border states, keep the border states. so i think she really did not have much that he could do. it was not helpful when he kept the secessionists in cabinet or announce that he had no lawful authority to go after stays there were seceding even the recall secession illegal. those things were not helpful, but ultimately he has some new people around him. his attorney general. and he leaves again as well off as almost anyone could have. >> we got rid of lincoln's birthday and washington's birthday at present state. i always hated that because of his two of the subjects of your book, you know, pierce a

unions in the u.s. and canada. this follows protests over wages and fast food restaurants. >> your union participated in nationwide protests. 500 people were arrested. these workers are not members of the union. why are you participating? >> we want to support any workers joining together to improve their lives. the food workers are one of most underpaid and undervalued jobs in the service sector economy, and we have been incredibly inspired by the fearlessness of these workers that took it to the next level yesterday off from our perspective, because they had the willingness to risk arrest and bring more attention to the economy that does not work for them when they work really hard and cannot even afford basic necessities. we support their demand for 15 and the union, because when people have more money to spend in their local communities, they are going to be able to buy groceries, go to the hardware store, by more close for their kids, and get the economy going again, in every community in this natio

they see the potential for unions. so that's one of the things that though we've, even had trends of declining unionization, right? e have future generations recognizing a great need for them. >> della lives in new york on line.emocrats you're on with david madeline, hello. caller: good morning. of the problems for unions and labors in the united states is that we have globalized the corporations to move their jobs elsewhere, to move their jobs to place has where banned, like n bangladesh. and how can we compete with this? we have to globalize the rights of unions to move all over. wherever we have a trade agreement, we have to make sure hat the people in that country and that place have the right to right to on, have the collective bargaining. guest: the caller hits on a things, the e way -- the changes in the economy and our government olicies have given capital, owners of capital and corporations a lot more power about.edom to move but they haven't at the same time strengthened workers to be to negotiate for themselv

him to put it away to issue upon the next union victory whenever that might be. hen paradoxically we see teetoo -- lincoln the delegation of black leaders encouraging them to be in a migration out of america back to africa or to panama or in south america where you and me are different races even when you cease to be slaves your far removed and it is better for us both to be separated. and then listen to them go every bit farther that is just cleaning tens of thousands but then without us there could be no war to which frederick douglass said is like blaming a horse thief leaving the presence of a horse. rediscover lincoln in agnostic or scientific rationalist in a spiritual crisis where he begins to doubt the power of reason to affect outcomes and turns to a guide with this serious and unallowable ways for god wills these contests that it shall not and get. we watch them denied the "emancipation proclamation" even as the doctor it lies in hise- desk drawer then he goes further insisting emancipation would not only be wrong but a foolish act a reference to 15th ce

paid very close attention to the movement of union troops throughout the war. the developments unfolding is pretty encouraging men to join an analyst and the union cause. even james buchanan who had watched seven states seceded on his watch, president lincoln was simply following his policies. if you have been in lincoln's position he will be doing the same thing. buchanan sees his ultimate vindication and lincoln's success, and lancaster are even now he will indicate his own course of action. james buchanan will write an import and op-ed talking about the oath of the army officer who has resigned to go join. franklin pierce, a southerner at heart opposes the war effort. he gives speech saying that if the south can't be convinced on their own we cannot pursue them militarily. it is a fool's errand will be completely disagrees. he will give speeches denouncing lincoln and his policy on his courses and his suspension of civil liberty. he will campaign throughout the war. campaign manager for the new hampshire state legislature who will oppose linking. so he will

and preserving the union required negotiation. he war of 1812 was as we said an example of the competing interests in different parts of the union. and in many ways it didn't succeed. westerners made off better than the other regions, they didn't get additional land from canada, but as john stag mentioned they did get a lot of land from native americans. the english did not end impressment of sailors because of any pressure the united states had put on them, they did it when they chose to do so. the war are had been waged by a union of regional republics with a loose allegiance to a different government, distant government in washington. you know francis scott key's poem was originally titled "the defense of ft. mchenry," a much more localized illusion. maybe our flag was still there, but the land of the free didn't get its national anthem into the less than heralded presidency of herbert hoover. >> in balancing central authority against states rights, madison was an able leader in an unpredictable world. congress in 1814, not so m

he told the union troops he had walked 60 miles just to come here. to the intersection of georgia and missouri, we'd probably be somewhere in the neighborhood of another camp. and in that camp, we would find in the book when this crew war was over, the touching story of a place called camp wrightwood and how this union officer, this man from the tenth massachusetts was changed when he met a freedom-seeking black men just a quarter mile down the road who came in and worked for him, he's a bright-looking group that described him, 17 years old and since his master paid $40 for him six years ago, he was the only slave his master had and his master will never get him again if i can help it. ladies and gentlemen, you must understand that this person to person connections between freedom-seeking black folk and the soldiers in the union army forged bonds that would not be forgotten once the guns were over. and we find out, in fact, that black folk in defense of the city is actually nothing new. we know that free blacks wielded pick axes and shovels to help g

july 30, 1864 was actually a pretty awful day for the union. in the following days, new yorkers would open up their newspapers and read about the terrible news. there is a very famous new york lawyer. he recorded in his diary and said "it is the hottest day of the burning summer. according to my sensations, i stayed indoors until tonight. steaming with perspiration. at 2:00, a newspaper reported that the debacle that had taken place a petersburg and strong went back to his diary and describes what took place was he concluded with this note "we have no right to expect speedy victory in this war or to ask that rebellion to be suppressed so we have suffered more than we have done." the news of july 30 captured how the summer of 1864 felt too many people in the north. it was a long, hot, awful summer. in may and june of 1864, ulysses s. grant and robert e lee had pummeled each other outside. in the midst of all of that carnage, lincoln was reelected by the republican party for president. he was put on a platform pledging a constitutional amendment t

he would have driven the united south out of the union. one of the most important things of lincoln did was to preserve the border states. 's, perhaps, would love to have gone on my side, but i need kentucky. he cannot win this fight without the border states. missouri, kentucky, maryland, delaware and opted to succeed, the task, with a ben today to accomplish. by waiting and waiting for us out to initiate hostilities he was able to preserve the border states, keep the border states. so i think she really did not have much that he could do. it was not helpful when he kept the secessionists in cabinet or announce that he had no lawful authority to go after stays there were seceding even the recall secession illegal. those things were not helpful, but ultimately he has some new people around him. his attorney general. and he leaves again as well off as almost anyone could have. >> we got rid of lincoln's birthday and washington's birthday at present state. i always hated that because of his two of the subjects of your book, you know, pierce a

and the pilots union. swer your question sorry. >> carry on. >> to answer your question, has he done the right thing? he has done the writing short-term, but it doesn't solve the problem air france has fundamentally which is it is being battered in the long haul by the gulf carriers and in the short-haul other low-cost carriers. >>'s air france was an american company, would it seek chapter 11 at this point? >> probably. to get out one way of the difficulties. but of course, chapter 11 also requires a workforce which understands that there on the edge of a brink. >> what is it going to take for the pilots union at air france to be convinced of that? you've only got to take a trip from charles de gaulle across paris to see how successful easyjet has been. what is it they're not getting? why are they getting the idea the european short-haul, at least, is now a low-cost date? norwegian --et, these are the companies making money at the moment. in therd to make money short-haul is a legacy carrier. are the pilot

exit from the european union. there is organizations, various think tanks, the cbi has done work on this and tried to influence the debate. so that's the situation as it were in terms of the work that we've been doing on breaks, which the answer is none so far. why should the work that we're doing be an american influence? many of the issues that we're dealing with here is how far it makes sense to do things on a continental scale. in other words, outside washington about the relati relationship between d.c. and the individual states is mirrored in the debate that we have in the european union about where responsibility should lie. in most of the areas that are listed in these 25 fields lied at the eu level. in some areas, it's shared. in some areas, it's still preserved of the individual member states. it's to take the decision to try to solve a problem. and this debate here that's set out through these 25 different areas is an analysis where it might make sense to do more of european level. the discussion that's

and preserving the union required negotiation. he war of 1812 was as we said an example of the competing interests in different parts of the union. and in many ways it didn't succeed. westerners made off better than the other regions, they didn't get additional land from canada, but as john stag mentioned they did get a lot of land from native americans. the english did not end impressment of sailors because of any pressure the united states had put on them, they did it when they chose to do so. the war are had been waged by a union of regional republics with a loose allegiance to a different government, distant government in washington. you know francis scott key's poem was originally titled "the defense of ft. mchenry," a much more localized illusion. maybe our flag was still there, but the land of the free didn't get its national anthem into the less than heralded presidency of herbert hoover. >> in balancing central authority against states rights, madison was an able leader in an unpredictable world. congress in 1814, not so m

it meant the end of a 300-year-old union between scotland and the rest of the u.k. scotland's alex salmond admitted defeat but called on greater powers to be delivered to scotland. david cameron said it was a clear win for the no campaign. >> let us also remember why it was right to ask the definitive question - yes or no. because now the debate has been settled for a general aches, or as alex salmond as said, perhaps for a lift. there can be no disputes, no re-runs, we have heard the settled will of the scottish people. >> i think the process by which we have made our decision was a nation, brings enormous credit on scotland. a turp-out of 86 -- turn out of 86% is one of the highest in the democratic world. this has been a triumph for the democratic process, and for participation in politics. >>> let's take a look at the results with almost all of those tallied. 45% have voted yes to independence, while 55% voted no. barnaby phillips is at the u.k.'s parliament in westminster. let's cross to jonah hull. so a clear victory for the no campaign. there must be a sense

what the people say now is clear that the union of england and scotland was by no means a marriage oflike minds in the guerilla war by highland scotts against english rule carried on for over half a century. the union was absolutely in the interest of the scene english arrow to be tracy who wanted to protect their culture against a catholic takeover by europe at any cost. >> over the centuries, the people and the economies of england and scotland have increasingly merged. scottish nationalists say it is the english, not they, who have betrayed the principles of the union. >> there is a sentiment about the union scotland. i wouldn't deny t at the same time, there is also, you know, the increasing feeling the union is no longer delivering and when the union doesn't deliver, it is seen as an agreement which can be, you know, renegotiated, changed or ended whereas in the rest of the u.k. kind of see it as just the state of things. >> signing here we go. thank you very much. inining land, many are horrified scotts want to turn their back. these campaigners have been traveling around gettin

across the border in england,wa as well. we're looking at a unionyears old having to be unpicked. there are all sorts of implications. constitutional and questions that haven't been answered yet about the economy. things like the currency for instance which i know aaron will talk to you about shortly. if there is quite a lot of uncertainty. people all across the united kingdom are watching events very closely. some things we do know, other things are perhaps a little bit more up in the air in terms of the yes vote. here's our explaining about what would happen if scotland does vote yes tomorrow. >>. >>> our correspondent joins us from westminster where people are watching this so closely. we count down the final hours of the campaign. what do you think the biggest change would be for the united kingdom? >> it's difficult to know where to start lucy. it would be so utterly massive as you pointed out. the marriages lasted for 300 years. it would be enormous. the country wouldn't have seen anything like this since 1922 when southern ireland went its ow

membership in the european union, and what will be used for money in aberdeen and others. joins us is germany pervis, a liberal democrat -- jeremy pervis from the lib democrat upper house, and adam ramsay from the progroup. adam, let's start with you, why an independent scotland, why now? >> i think people all across the u.k. are fed up with a broken westminster political system. the fact that we have jeremy on the tellie with us, a life members of the house or the legislature, assessing our laws for life, appointed by the prime minister of this country. it's one of the most democratic systems. the chance to escape that system is thrilling. it's that system that made the most uneconomical country, imposed on scotland and people in the other bits of the u.k. are right wing brand of economics. we want to get away from it. huge numbers of people in scotland are motivated by a sense to create an equal and better society than the western political system that is so un-democratic that will not give it to us. >> are they not short-term deliberations. scotland has become terror inc

worse for the union army. but then three weeks later puebla had fallen. but the general wrote to the french we can't shoot at you anymore. come and take us. they were virtually organized by men. then the latina step forward. she was an Émigre, refugee from the french. she said i can't let this piece so she organized the women. because they were owning property, the young businesses because that was part of mexican law written into the california constitution. they formed the women called the mexicana. they elected their officers. they decided how to use them to hope for is buy more guns like to help the wounded soldiers in hospital of the soldiers were slain. eventually about a dozen cities in california and nevada had the women's info. of course the men got some. we can do better. it is interesting in the middle of the civil war you haven't higher female organization raising their own fun. latinos continue to support the union when the kid had to run for reelection in 1864, for example and it wasn't clear he w

>> well, i think the way to maintain the union and the uk i think would be to have a federal union butich you don't just have english, scotland, whales and northern irland like present and you decentralize the power but england is just too big. if you have a federal system in which one unit makes up almost all of the country, 85% of the country that gets very unstable if there are issues that divide the different parties. >> looking outside of the uk because separatist groups from all over the world and especially all over europe were looking to scotland to see which way they would vote and green land and sudania and all sorts of places in europe, what message do you think is being sent to the groups right now? >> one is this was a no vote, so it would have been a bigger, louder message had there been a yes vote and scotland going for independence but the other message i think is this produced highest turn out that we have ever seen in a democratic vote in the uk and it's something people are passionate about. the people want to get engaged and that is particularly relevant in spain fo

mcpherson who served and later commanded the union army of the tennessee. professor woodworth also describes his relationship with general ulysses s. grant and its role in sherman's atlanta campaign. this 90-minute event took place in ohio. >> if i appear nervous, i apologize. it has been a long journey from decatur delivering the body of my good friend james mcpherson. there comes a time in every soldier's career where there'll be a sorrowful duty to perform. that duty today belongs to me. i have brought home the fallen body of my commander and my dearest friend. major general james mcpherson. home to his grandmother, mother, family and to his friends. mac and i met in tennessee and formed an instant friendship. two young men from ohio whose personal lives and military careers were similar in nature. when general mcpherson was promoted as commander, he chose me as his chief engineer. i joined general mcpherson staff in mississippi. this began our amazing journey that would last more than two years. when i learned general mcpherson had been killed in action

for the union army. his wife, frances, was a new yorker, but she claimed she never tried to influence his decision on this. but when he decided not to fight for the confederacy, his sisters began to hate him. thomas enjoyed a steady if not rapid rise to prominence, as you see here. brigadier general, august of 1861, defeated the rebels in one of the early western victories for the north, january of '62, promoted to major general in april of '62, fought at shiloh, corinth. thomas's greatest moment, if you will remember, on the morning of the second day, the union center was attacked, just as the time that woods's division was removed, off to the left, creating a mistaken division length gap in the union line at the center, at the very point where longstreet is leading five infantry divisions across the field. bang! the rebels break the union line. and they start heading north. where, on the north end of the field, thomas holds the left of the line, and holds it long enough against rebel attacks so that ros

it comes from the union officer from new york. often recognizes the attacking head-on in the traditional tactics for the day would be literally suicidal. so she decides on a daring plan. he decides rather than sending them across the open field to fire at the confederates and then close on the confederate lines he decides he's going to send them across the field in a very tight and compact formation. they will breach the line without stopping the fire and innocence is a charge and it works at spotsylvania and executes but the federals are federal's are unable to exploit the breakthrough and he's driven back. the tactic gives grant hope. instead of using the name he used he decides to use 20,000 in that they pushed for the confederate through the confederate lines but again the attack is not supported and the federal's are driven back. that's a salt becomes the sort of unofficial tactic in the attacking the offensive tactics during the campaign for the army of the potomac. and on june 1 when the first takes place upton is on the fie

and that's the real fragility of the union. from 1789 to at least 1814, the more perfect union of the preamble of the constitution was understood for what it was. wishful thinking. virginians were always fighting for virginia. everyone identified with his or her state, much more strongly than they do today. save perhaps for texas. state identification outpaced the nationalist impulse. madison knew this. he got beyond it. which made him exceptional for a southerner. he lived many years in philadelphia, and as president cultivated the competent pennsylvanians and made them his closest advisers, where as his political alter ego, thomas jefferson was more comfortable surrounding himself and communicating with fellow virginians. of course, both the third and fourth presidents treated their new york vice president as window dress iing, handing out crumbs of muted power to the vice president. so as to affect an imaginary balance between the sections. yet despite whatever largess he was capable of, madison too kept his pulse on virginia

and that's the real fragility of the union. m 1789 to at least 1814, the more perfect union of the preamble of the constitution was understood for what it was. wishful thinking. virginians were always fighting for virginia. everyone identified with his or her state, much more strongly than they do today. save perhaps for texas. state identification outpaced the nationalist impulse. madison knew this. he got beyond it. which made him exceptional for a southerner. he lived many years in philadelphia, and as president cultivated the competent pennsylvanians and made them his closest advisers, where as his political alter ego, thomas jefferson was more comfortable surrounding himself and communicating with fellow virginians. of course, both the third and fourth presidents treated their new york vice president as window dress iing, handing out crumbs of muted power to the vice president. so as to affect an imaginary balance between the sections. yet despite whatever largess he was capable of, madison too kept his pulse on virginia st

have an established church, an army, membership in the european union. and what would be used for money. in abbeer deem. joining us to consider the future of scotland, lord jeremy a liberal democrat member of the house of lords the upper chamber of the british parliament, and adam ramsey, a campaign fresh the pro independent group yes scotland. our guests join us from scotland, welcome to the program. adam let's start with you. why an independent scotland, and why now. >> i think people all across the u.k. are pretty fed up with the kind of broken westminster political system, the fact that we have jeremy on the telly with us tonight, who is a life member of the house of the legislature, that's -- by the prime minister of this country, we have one of the most undomic systems in the western world, and so the chance to escape that system i think is thrilling. that system that makes britain the most unequal country in europe, and it has imposed particularly on scotland, and other parts of the u.k. as well, particularly right wing brand, of economics. we want

that it was the strongest link in the federal chain, that the preservation of the union was at stake and that the debates on the subject and the first federal congress indicated that its members understood the location to be essential for the perpetuity of the union. some of the most interesting discussion occurred in the press, particularly in washington and georgetown. alexandria, which also had a newspaper, was less interested. many alexandrians having come to the conclusion long by retro session in 1836 that their inclusion in the distribute of colu -- district of columbia had been an sass ter. the day after fisk released it, the national intelligence, there could not be a majority in the house that would vote for such a bill. if there were, quote, we well know there will always be one-third of congress firm enough to support the excessive tiff in refusing his signature to allow fraud in such dangerous circumstances, unquote. three days later the editors reported they had received many communications from the public regarding removal but would only print two of these until congre

obviously, many in scotland favor membership of the european union, but apparently some leaders of the european union aren't so is that your they would welcome scotland with open arms. you had written about that in a paper you had written to the e.u. back in the summer, arguing that the e.u. should not take such a harsh view of scottish potential membership, should it become independent. >> i think at the end of the day, once we get into the negotiating period of a yes-no vote on the referendum, if that happens thursday, the european union will see it's to its benefit to have scotland remain. scotland is in the european now as part of the united kingdom. it's a very unique situation that the european union has never confronted before, where a sub state of an existing member state wants to stay in the union but as an independent nation. that's new stuff. i think it requires some imaginative thinking which can be done with respect to how you negotiate this with brussels so that you have a smooth transition, as smooth as possible so that the scottish people, who are e.u. citizens right no

neil: and the trend now with unions trying to root beef up more business avoiding the word like unione all there one touche talk about workers the bread and butter of america but raly use the term union. may be trained, educated skilled craftsmen but they will not say union. is seems to me next member what is going on the? >>. >> i have then add a proud card-carrying member i am proud to go to work i am proud to say that by to look for my union benefit so did my co-workers and it makes me cringe when i see that ads for the union and also those bad apples going house to house using the tactics like "the sopranos". [laughter] neil: but the stigma attached to the word itself so they say so to focus on what we do and we just will not swale ourselves what about those other two hot to handle? >> i would appreciate that because you are getting that trained and skilled workers to build this country to build the american flag. not only did our veterans pay for that with their blood but the union workers who built the buildings and the teamsters who brought things from one coast to another and

who benefits more from the union, scotland or england? if you ask in england, you get the opposite view. but a larger group always used to say england benefits more than scotland. since 2007, that has become much more even. but since 2011, we have seen a separation and more people saying england benefits from the union. might not be surprising since 2010, we have a conservative government and the conservative party is not particularly strong. that is the big picture. what is happening now? crucially, what counts for the voters. i'm going to start by using an overused quotation, but it is the economy. it is very clear that nearly everyone who thinks scotland's economy would be better scotland became independent indicates they vote yes and nearly everyone who says it would do worse indicates they would vote no. i teach statistics classes and i will be using that as a real-life example as a near-perfect correlation. we can see this clear crystallization has increased throughout the referendum, so this has become the dominant issue that relate

but the union says its stance remains the same. >> we are a very proud institution and we want to serve the public to the best of our ability and we feel we're not able to do that right now so we're trying to regain our footing and make san francisco proud again. that's our goal. >> reporter: the letter is signed by leaders of every faction of the union and the history of the san francisco fire department that has never happened. it calls for the department to return to levels of excellence which, quote, can only happen with the change in our current leadership. >> will you resign? >> i'm not at this point thinking about resigning. >> reporter: one of the complaints, dangerous ambulance response times more than an hour in some cases because of a lack of equipment and personnel. the chief and mayor say things are getting better after more rigs were put on the street and more emts were hired. >> i have confidence in the chief and we are working very hard particularly on this ambulance time. >> do you think there is

tell the people that live in the area have you done that outreach. >> it's been trick n i didn't in the union square area we've down i done that but we worked with the bid and we've worked with merry al kline and other people trying to identify unions groups we can work with in partnership there's been a outreach and nobody's has been able to say this the community group or the organization you should partner with so basically, what we've done without that in place we have those mailings those first class mailings that starts friday, a month out and reinforce the communication and it has a complete accept of call to action included in those communications so if they have questions they can e-mail, etc. >> through supervisor chiu's office you asked for information. >> yes. >> as well as the bid as well as merrill at the mta, etc. >> commissioner akers and then maybe we'll try to wrap up. >> last year, we had complaint from the community did that include the residents or mostly hotels and they were apartment buildings around jones street. >> so there's a record of those resident it was a writte

president fewer and board of education and superintendent carranza and ladies and gentlemen, i'm the unionepresentative of s steel 1021 in san francisco school district i hate to get angry that's what my brother said but i'm getting angry the way the new human resources director treat us at the confer process and the city has not responded to the unions request for continuance negotiations she if listen to our advise in the rules and she even gave us not good signal in terms of norwalk with his in good faith this is not the beginning of a pro traffic fight with the district if you remember during the and/or 1021 has filed cases over cases because the human resources at that time was craving hostilities with the union this is the beginning of our demonstration to showing show that 1021 is not going to tolerate those practices we just want her to consider the

overall, they suggested the union is the best option.t is the favorite option in the polls, obviously. anyways, it is, i leave others to comment on that. they came up with other options, one that is outlined. evaluated as a higher risk, in terms of not having control because of not having a central bank for example. others said, an option would be a scottish currency. the question is how do they do on the market. after independence, the uk government, whatever government it would be, didn't negotiate on currency, they would have to come up with a different option. the first minister said they would consider in that situation to simply continue using the pound. then, not take it, scotland wouldn't take a chair off the debt of the uk. he said it won't come to this, if we -- there is some talk about this. this is one of those issues that will know if scotland becomes independent, it will be at the top of the negotiation process. the final one, the interesting thing about this referendum is it is not much about political parties, some of the

however there's nothing impressive about the cold harbor itself. one union officer said it sarcastically with some seriousness of all of the waste i've seen the first was the most eerie. the house and open plain deep into the fine white dust on the sides and in the distance it was intensified and called a cool arbor but strategically it was very important for one road led to the white house landing to the east. the union army's main supply depot and the other to the west ran towards the confederate capital of richmond. probably because it was the last battle of the campaign is why it encapsulates the all offensive and defense of characteristics of the campaign to see the emergence of the massive trench warfare by the confederate army in northern virginia. the trench warfare will begin now in the past the confederates had been able to take advantage of natural defensive terrain at manassas they would utilize the deep cut above the sunken road that would become the lead in the nt government and in the stone wall heights at fredericksburg but in spotsylvania he

rifle purchase by the union army. the confederates were left up to their own. they had a few places, harpers ferry, when they ask we had possession of it. richmond had a factory along the james river. and if you in north carolina, georgia, and texas. they could hardly supply the needs of the confederacy. they got most of the guns either captured in battle or imported from overseas. in finest infantry rifle the world was from britain. they bought a quarter million. they were the most favored long arm of the civil war. at the end of the day, when the war came to a conclusion in 1865, general lee said after four years of arduous service, unsurpassed by courage and fortitude, the army of northern virginia has been compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers and resources. gone on ford have years had he asked his men to take to the mountains and conduct a guerrilla campaign. it came to a conclusion after he wrote those orders and after victory parades, a number of union officers got together and tried to evaluate what had ha

the troops that launched the attack, union soldiers were bloodily repulsed. they suffered about 3000 casualties. sherman took a lot of heat from the northern press. his men were disheartened. but, if you look at the losses that sherman's army sustained up until this point, they paled in comparison to what was happening in virginia. consider the losses of just a single day of fighting in the wilderness. 3000 casualties sustained, you will see that sherman is taking a lot of territory and suffering relatively few losses as a result. the only success of the day -- that was a phrase sherman use -- did occur in a flanking maneuver launched by cofield's army against the far southern end of johnson's long line. schofield actually managed to get his troops closer than did johnson, that's closer to johnson, and this is what forced johnson to abandon the line then fall back. so, sherman's troops advanced to the chattahoochee. the confederates are in a position that is fairly impregnable. it would be crazy to attack it. but in one of the most masterful maneuvers sherman