rather odd situation isn't it considering american foreign policy and the united nations it's not such a departure from the united states uses international law invokes international law when it's useful and ignores it when it's an obstacle. the first iraq war was authorized by the united nations security council and the first president bush used as an argument that he didn't need congressional authorization that well the united nations security council has the rights that congress didn't except that there was a fight and eventually there was congressional authorization so the united nations they don't none of this replaces the constitutional requirement or the war powers resolution requirement that the president get explicit congressional approval unless the unless the united states or its armed forces are under attack and as was pointed out there are multiple provisions of the war powers resolution one of them affirms that the president must get authority to advance unless there's an attack on the u.s. and its armed forces and another one affirms that u.s. forces must be withdrawn in the absence of an attack if there

the states. with the united states. 90% of our experts go to the united states. 90% of our oil goes to the u.s. 90% of the tourist that visit mexico come from the u.s. and so on and so forth. obviously, all of our immigrants are in the united states by definition. there's a very open economy. so mexico can't be an interspective closed off character. we don't have the traditional mexico way of being in our mind when in our everyday life we're an open economy. >> i want to return senior castaneda to mexican phobia and the fear of the foreigner. with the growing middle class in mexico, as that changed? >> it hasn't changed yet. it's beginning to change, but we are still very much immersed in the fear of the foreign and in the notion that we've always been victims of the past or in the past that we were conquered by the spanish in 1519, 1521, and humiliated and exploited by the spaniards for the following three centuries. then during the 19th serge -- 19th century with texas taken away, then the united states invaded us, then the french invaded us in 1963, then the americans invaded us again in 1914. a

that the united states accepts the principle of one china. hat the united states strongly insists on the terms the need for a peaceful solution. and that the united states warned each side, plus the taiwanese, not to take precipitous action. and to consider that this has been carried out for 40 years. it's quite remarkable. now today there are many heroes of retrospective diplomacy who say what nixon might have done, and what nixon might have extracted. we didn't hear from any of them at that time. >> host: of course not. the framework that you put in place in 1972 has been remarkably durable to this very day. >> guest: on both parties. so it's one of the most continuous american foreign policies. >> host: dr. kissinger, please stand by. we will take a short break. when we come back i would like to move into more current affairs and the united states relationship with china. we will cover all of those issues are former secretary of state henry kissinger in his new book "on china" when we come back. >> host: we are regional by former secretary

is not the united states but this is a global economy we saw u.s. stocks tumble today on the news out of greece and it does according to analysts give a lot of concern about u.s. thinkers so how does what we're seeing in the euro zone affect the united states economy. but the two thousand and financial crisis should really teaches a lesson that these financial markets are interconnected and it fears a crisis where greece either to forte's or if not detected well if it's a technical default in greece down the road it will probably have a contagious effect on other european peripheral countries such as portugal and ireland maybe even spain and the reason that there's so much concern about whether a restructuring of greece's debt is deemed to be a default is that it would trigger the credit default swaps and it's mostly american financial institutions that have written those credit to forswear us that ensure investors for in the event of it's a fourth of greek debt so those would be major losses for u.s. financial institutions wow and we've seen the tol

we're going to show you how we powerful you are because we have just bought ourselves a chief of the united states not terry the head of the united states state department and so getting. our ways but you'll see the consequences i don't know i never heard of using the army is a poverty reduction tool or the state department was conned lisa writes know about the poverty reduction poverty creation made but i don't see a lot of them what they did and how a seven able to get their support in order to you know lots this program that you say has no no going well about it you know how it is sad ron we all know this power i hear in their. cash it's cash under a lot condo resources paid a fortune by chevron as a board member and it's very interesting that she goes from secretary of state from sharon's board to secretary of state and then back into chevrons payroll the question is did she ever leave sharon's payroll in effect because george bush put the heat and her state department with tremendous heat on ecuador tremendous you know there were over these over these cases and tremendous heat on ecuador for

. ♪ >> ladies and gentlemen, the president of the united states and mrs. chelle obama. ♪ [playing hail to the chief] ♪ ♪ ♪ >> ladies and gentleman, at the national anthem of the federal republic of germany, followed by the national anthem of the united states. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> good morning, everybody. chancellor merkel, members of the german delegation, on behalf of michele and myself, it is our great pleasure to welcome you back to the white house. on behalf of the american people, it is our great honor to welcome you back to the united states. [applause] [speaking german] >> it today marks the first of this it and stayed there for european leader during my presidency. it is only fitting the transatlantic alliance was the cornerstone, the heart of our efforts to promote peace and prosperity are on the world. germany, at the heart of europe, is one of our strongest allies. chancellor merkel is one of my closest global partners. >> [speaking german] >> our alliance at its core and the partnership between our peoples, the generations of german-a

is not offering a timetable for withdrawal and so on the other hand what's going on is the united states is trying to put pressure on the taliban to accommodate u.s. interests the u.s. position that the taliban should reach a settlement with karzai while the united states continues to have troops there to provide you know what they were guard as an insurance policy that's really not a viable position no independent analyst of the war and of the taliban regards this as a realistic negotiating position and so there's really kind of a flimflam going on with regard to these negotiations or these talks with the taliban in a lexus i mangle back to you in london why in the world are the taliban want to sit down with the united states and its allies and negotiate any kind of agreement when they can just wait them out they've done a pretty good job for ten years. well i think there's also quite an interesting distinction to be made which is that western democracies particular although i said contributing nations continue to talk about withdrawal of combat troops first is that withdrawal of traini

a threat to the united states domestically or globally? and obviously the other side of the coin is, is it a threat to the united states not to get chinese foreign direct investment? this is what our speakers will be examining. the background for this event is the recent publication of the first major detailed study of foreign direct investment coming in to the united states. there has been interest in this subject, but there has not been a thorough assistical basis to assist in foreign meramericas o understanding what the benefits are and what the potential risks are. i expect that during the course of the discussion this morning, we will all get a better understanding of what the balance of those considerations is. our speakers, dan rosen and derrick scissors, or general experts in this area. dan is a -- what is it, a visiting -- >> fellow. >> -- fellow at the peterson institute on international economics, and derrick scissors is with the heritage foundation working on economic investment issues. >> among other questions. >> among other q

but. >> here is the english version to be sold in the united states. here is the spanish-language version to be sold in the united states. finally, here is the version in mexico. why add different cover? >> two reasons. i like the mexican cover for the u.s., but they said it was too somber. the u.s. cover in mexico has an arguable legal status because if you look at it, if you can put it back on, you'll see the mexican a goal is divided into. this is the center of the mexican flag. you have the top of the eagle at the bottom and the bottom of the bill at the top. in mexico distorting the national emblem and flag is a dubious legal status. so we decided not to restrict. >> go back to the mexican version. >> this is a painting by a person i consider to be mexico's foremost artist. he just finished an extraordinary merrill of the mexican supreme court, and these are six kids who are migrants, about ready to leave for the united states. if you look down at the bottom right-hand corner the license plate on the truck says mit migrants 666.

the united. bates is you know still filing and mending tensions with over the decades is a chorus russia and we start a united states and russia negotiate a swap of events when that whole scandal according to some broke a while back and a slot agent you know the u.s. or russia doesn't like it they negotiate up and not there because there is no comparative political lobby of exiled russians who would oppose it as there is in the case of cuba you don't have a political block because you know it's not just that they have money and political clout it's that miami please approval role in the presidential election need to win the state of florida if you're going to be nominated president presidents are laws to to go against what so on would think is the prevailing public opinion in miami even though that's a red herring because we know that president obama was elected president didn't carry the state of florida despite the fact that the convincing vote for him so then is it not political perhaps does that have to do with united states perception of being lenient in these kind of hate is a very maybe a fear that leniency i

strong military commitments, underscoring the leadership role of the united states. that is a critical component of american foreign policy. there's often times a second school that says one of the most important things the united states has to do is to prepare the way for multi play, recognition that other states are rising and it is important to create institutions and capabilities in which other countries asked to share the responsibilities of global power. too often it is the case then these two schools of thought are played off against one another. it seems to me the most creative diplomacy and important diplomacy over the course of the next several years is a blending of both. smart diplomacy asks us, demands us to take big steps to secure american power, to do what is necessary to make sure our position as a dominant economic, security and political player in doors but at the same time create capacities and institutions where are rising states and other states have a chance to interact and engage with us and also played a larger role in shaping these institutio

united by entering a new run tira progress. serving the interest of the saudi arab. serving the interests of the united states. and demonstrating the high caliber of the american system of free enterprise. system which from this new run dear is nothing into the brain of the world oil. one of the material that is making a truly great contribution to our modern civilization. one of the reasons and the reason for the primary one for the invasion of iraq is to ensure u.s. control over any major interview or sources in the world when the embassy it's being built inside baghdad is a city sort of no other innocent and street in the world they're not building the embassy. in syria rag in the huge basins around with an intention to leave their building with an intention to maintain control. since two thousand and three the u.s. has built dozens of military bases in iraq in two thousand and eight the u.s. and iraqi governments signed an agreement that states that all foreign troops should leave the country by two thousand and eleven. the agreement also says that the u.s. will not seek permanent basis or a permanent milit

the united nations. russia's role in the security council an increasingly critical one fothe ited states and for the united nations. last year russia voted for a fourth round of sanctions from iran. this march it abstained the vote authorizing the nato led opposition to libya. it's been opposed to imposing u.n. sanctiongss on theyrian vernment. i'm pleaseto have ambassador churkin back at this table. what's wrong with some condemnation of the syrian government? >> well, there has been. there was a resolution passed by the human rights council in govern and we also had some strong words which we communicated to the syrian leadership? our contacts with them. but the thing is that we need to think about the stability and peacefultransformation and peaceful reforms in syria and by b mindful of the fact that we have stability in the region. >> rose: some have said he's crossed the rubicon in the way he has treated his own people. >> well, some of the reports are extremely disturbing but when all that... there are some destructive elements of the opposition as well who started out by attacking the syrian governm

when he was running for the united states presidency. he refused to vote to raise the debt ceiling. >> schieffer: he also said he regrets that vote. >> now that he's president of the united states, he takes responsibility. this is the obama deficit. obama debt. due to obama spending. and president obama is overspending by $1.5 trillion this year. we can't do that. people know that the spending is what's causing the trouble in this country. >> schieffer: congresswoman, i have to take issue with what you say that they would be able to pay their... the government would be able to pay its financial obligations. experts inside and outside the government say that if we don't raise the debt ceiling, we face the united states having to default on its financial obligations. are you saying these are scare tactics? are you saying that's not true? how can you say that? >> it is scare tactics because, bob, the interest on the debt isn't any more than 10% of what we're taking in. in fact it's less than that. so the treasury secretary can very simply pa

i'm a member of the united states congress. i'm a wife of 33 years and i have five children and we're the proud foster parents of 23 great children and it's a thrill to be here in the live free or die state. >> i'm newt gingrich, former speaker of the house. when 14 million americans are out of work, we need a new president to end of obama depression. >> governor. >> i'm mitt romney, and it's an honor to be back at st. ansum. hopefully i get it right this year, and i appreciate the chance to be with you and to welcome your wife. i have five sons, five daughters-in law and 16 grandkids. i want to make sure their future is bright and america is always known as the hope of the earth. thank you. >> i'm congressman ron paul. i've been elected 123 texas. before i went to congress i delivered 4,000 babies. i want to defend the title i'm the champion of liberty and i defend the constitution. thank you. >> governor. >> good evening. i'm tim pawlenty. i'm a husband. my wife mary and i have been married for 23 years. i'm the father of two

important to the united states the united states didn't recognize the importance and the issue to be a top of the list incredibly important not only in its role as a leader in southeast asia but also its role in increasing leedy beyond southeast asia in the middle east and beyond. we are finding that the experience in indonesia the course of the last several years speaks extensively and importantly to countries in the middle east that are struggling with a number of very trying and difficult domestic issues. we have been very pleased that our progress we have seen today with the new philippine government. working closely with the foreign minister, the ambassador here we have made a number of decisions about partnerships and how we would like to work together on maritime security and a range of economic initiatives, and i think that we are beginning to see a degree of progress in relations between washington and that have been frankly difficult to get traction, and we are finding the traction as we go forward. everyone appreciates the important role singapore house played. i will talk

states and the -- both to the united states and the free nations. connected to iron's prorifflation activities. thus far, the tragedy is forceful and pragmatic attacking having to have a detrimental effect on progress already made and further involve his populous agenda. we must continue to make smart decisions in regards to venezuela to encourage citizens to support democratic institutions and principles. recently chavez seemed to have peaked, but we have to remain vigilant has heel be like-minded with allies and neighbors countries that seek to undermind moderate governments. he continues to impose every u.s. policy initiative in the region including free trade, counterdrugs, and counterterrorism cooperation and the regional security initiatives. venezuela continues to extend a lifeline to trafficking organizations by providing significant support and safe hatches along the border and it remains one of the most preferred routes for cocaine in south america. their organizations in venezuela helping to ensure regional se

the political system so even before the disastrous citizens united supreme court case the united states we had relatively pay to play politics as against the europeans i think on both sides of the atlantic inside the united states as well as in western europe the financial industry in some cases rightly and some not so fairly enjoys about the same level of popularity that major diseases usually have the difference is that american politicians get their money from powerful lobbies and are much more beholden to corporate interests even when their own popular and the europeans with proportional representation publicly financed campaigns are not quite as much under the sway of the sway of transnational business and so they do a little more legislative responding to what their constituents actually want and many of our politicians are a little bit less worried about that because they all face the real primary which comes before every election which is called fundraising or a very slight change of topic here but you know as a real economist instead of the you know the freshman members of cong

admitted they knew were false false that perjury when they in fact started him from canada to the united states so given all of this why haven't they paroled him when he was up for parole in two thousand and one for example this is the problem in the united states if an f.b.i. agent or a police law enforcement officer is killed those entities become the lobbies that refuse to allow any sort of consideration for unfair trial prosecutorial misconduct tampered evidence all of which is rampant through the leonard peltier case and many other cases they refuse to allow it they want to make it bad just signal a symbol that no one who is convicted ever of killing a police agent or law enforcement will ever go free that sort of an eye. article of faith in the united states so even though the the trial was a farce even though the evidence was was turned out to be fraudulent and even though the main witnesses for the f.b.i. told the courts later that they had been arm twisted by the f.b.i. that they were fighting for their own lives that they succumb to pressure even with all that the f.b.i. won't let it

strong move things out of kabul to be clear and classified as a terrorist state currently the global power elite operating from the united states and from britain he's said on global regime change as the move i believe closer and closer to a more formal world government. well similar talk about the u.s. fostering regime changes appeared after the state department announced its new programs aimed at spreading democracy around the world it's going to provide finance and logistical support to opposition groups but it only appears to apply to those countries which the u.s. would like to see their leadership toppled but he's going to japan has more. the u.s. state department now generously hands out cash and technology to dissidents throughout the world its bureau of democracy human rights and labor has announced the request for proposals on how to foster change in a number of countries in the middle east and north africa as well as cuba the u.s. claims the best of intentions saying it wants to strengthen independent civil society groups in those countries it's just in really another form of provoking regime change they're ju

you're the president of the united states. what is his number one job? he supposed to say when he takes the oath? protect what? >> protect the constitution. protect and defend the constitution of the united states of america. okay. warn people to prepare. food, water, shelter, debt, whatever else you think of. i think also if you are worried that there is a real problems in the world, and our way of life is at stake, who thinks the way of life is at stake? our way of life is at stake. if i'm the president of the united states, what does al-qaeda do? the reason they are successful, you cut off the head of the snake, and another one pops up. i tell every one of our citizens know the constitution. know our history. know our founding. because they want to cut us off. you want to pop up a problem over here in the whole thing doesn't collapse because the people know it. right? if you are president, and your responsibility is to do that, don't you also say read the founders? know the documents? do these things. do this. man does not live by bread alone. you're p

and who became the bill payer? united states military. nd i can tell you that because i was serving at that time when my friends were in tank units and had to use golf carts to practice the tactics. i can tell you as an executive officer when we didn't have enough money to buy tools to repair or enough money to get toilet paper for some four soldiers we didn't have enough money to buy ammunition so that the guys could stay out on the rifle range, and we find ourselves going down the exact same path. when you study the history of the military in the the 20th century to today, you see this. ready for world war i, and we go all the way down to a bottomless pit maybe try to wrap it up for world war ii and go back to the bottomless pit. if we don't have a steady state, we will lose an opportunity to ensure that we protect america for the future for our children and grand children. we need to look at this road map by saying what are their respective areas of operation, what are the combatant commander responsibilities and look at the threats tha

these affiliated groups oppose a range of dangers to the united states. al qaeda and the arabian peninsula which is based in yemen is increasingly important given its record of near success against the united states. the al-shabaab in somalia is another concern given the radicalization of small numbers of simile americans. affiliate groups, however, have different relations with the court and often do not fully three's the objective. the death of bin laden is a serious blow to al qaeda one. it is a blow to its image of strength and bin laden was a charismatic and capable leader and the fighting may occur now. in addition, recruitment and fund-raising may suffer. these problems in turn may meek al qaeda less able to influence its affiliate groups. the core however is likely to survive even if it is less capable it will be eager to conduct attacks to prove its relevance. the drone campaign is extremely important for striking the al qaeda core. the united states has few alternatives to acting in remote parts of pakistan, and al qaeda has a finite number of sk

as the resolution states at the outset, the armed forces of the united states may only be used to defend and advance the national security interests of the united states. not to enforce, to quote the president, the writ of the international community, end quote. not -- nor because of the united nations -- nor because of the arab league. yet these are what the president has repeatedly pointed to in justifying sending u.s. forces into action in libya. but what he has not done is explain to the american people and to congress how the situation in libya, if allowed to spiral out of control, poses a threat to u.s. national secuty interests. it is an increasingly important region, mr. speaker, with implications stretching into other areas that are vital to our nation. little if any details have been provided in response to repeated questions garding u.s. goals, the scope of the operation, and other issues of direct relevance to our national security. it is an open question as to whether the administration simply won't tell us or whether they just don't know the answers. members on both sides o

it wasn't restricted to the united states. the same thing happened in british columbia, and the same thing happened in the west coast of mexico and elsewhere. there war very few newspapers that opposed mass confinement of japanese americans. among which were disproportionately black american newspapers, such as the los angeles tribune and the chicago defender. the san francisco chronicle also resisted executive order 9066. by and large the american press did not report a great deal about the japanese americans. people outside the west coast didn't know or care much about the japanese americans, until the government moved them, and then people figured, where there's smoke there must be fire. the government must know what at it doing. and so for the balance of the war years, the press was fairly negative, until the exploits of the japanese american soldiers of the 442nd, in combination with the government efforts to present a positive public image to japanese americans to aid in resettlement of people getting out of camps, began

europe is what president john adams opposed when he opened the treaty of tripoli ratified by the united states senate and signed in seventeen ninety seven ad of their second president with the words as the government of the united states of america is not in any sense founded on the christian religion as it has in itself no character of empty against the laws religion or tranquility of muslims and as the said states never entered into any war act still ity against anymore how to be a nation it is declared by the parties that no pretext arising from religious opinions show ever produce an interruption of the harmony existing between the two countries or when thomas jefferson wrote the legitimate powers of government extend to such acts as are injurious to others but it does me no injury for my neighbor to say there are twenty gods or no god ignited picks my pocket nor breaks my leg the founders understood religious intolerance and how dangerous it is which is why the establishment clause in the constitution makes permanent gains religious test for office illegal. this kind of scapegoating and b

all of our product is made in the united states. that's where it's bridges, boats, infrastructure, and our newest venture which is streetcars. and i'm very proud to say we built the first modern streetcar in almost 60 years in the united states. what did we do? we brought manufacturing from eastern europe back to the united states. and we've done it competitively and cost effectively. and why is that? as ron said and congressman hoyer so aptly put, we are still the most productive and the most innovative work force in the world. that's why my company is located here in the united states with no plans of ever going anywhere else. because as long as we can have the policies that these gentleman are working on, we can continue to be competitive and successful in the global marketplace. we do export some of our products overseas as well. but what our primary focus is on building and creating manufacturing industries in the united states that are going to have unlimited growth. and again, just some very specific practical example. united

as the military base a lot of the subculture which is by far the united states and. i suspect the military presence in the region is well what the united states most established at this point to this global it flows through the regional agenda of the war agenda which extends from north africa through the basically right asia is very dangerous really quickly i want to ask you because one of the reasons the united states has said that they have to allow kind of the crackdown that we saw in bahrain with because of the wrong they were worried that iran is influencing the region i want to ask if you buy that because someone i spoke to said that offering is much more interested in a more moderate government that they don't identify with the shiite fundamentalism in iran do you agree with that well i think we should follow a minority group. and what is happening is a crisis but i so i think.

there will be few jobs lost inside the united states and then there will be growth of jobs in the united states. and abroad as well. >> okay, could you just go into a little bit more detail on the growth for jobs in the united states? and what you think of, what period? >> yeah. we are growing our technologies business. we had set $1 billion revenue target a couple of years ago. we're about half of that now. that's a business we're investing in intensively. a lot of those jobs are in the united states. we're building a futures business in the united states. it is the main competitor to the cme. it's a very business right now. we have high hopes for it. so those are two of our biggest growth businesses are in the united states. and we're going to continue to hire in those areas. >> and mr. katz, do you have any comment concerning the lack of or growth of jobs? >> well i agree with mr. lebowitz, that the, the prospects for growth as a result of this company are stronger and have a higher probability than the prospects of a loss of jobs. there are great opportunities to build businesses and

>> my mission is to strengthen the relationship between the kurdistan region of iraq and the united states. that involves improving relations with the government, think tanks and research institutions. the business community, the media, civil society, every aspect of the foreign-policy community in the united states. we have our work cut out for us but it has been fun. >> you are sitting on the sixth largest oil reserves in the world. at the same time, you just did a trip to california recently where you visited the president of google and twitter. something resonated with the california entrepreneurial spirit. it is more than oil, isn't it? is business and trade and investment you are involved with. >> that is what we are hoping for. we don't just want to be an oil- dependent economy. we note is there and it's a good insurance policy, but we want to diversify our economy. we have a very strong entrepreneurial spirit in kurdistan and there are opportunities for all kind of industries to flourish, whether it's agricultural things, back to where we weren't thousands of years ago, the breadba

the u.s. states want israel and the united states to have a special relationship. ey want the united states to give israel large amounts of material and diplomatic assistance, and they want us to give that assistance unreservedly. in other words, without qualification. we just give it to them no matter what they do. this is what makes this relationship so special. so we have this large interest group who we call the israel lobby that has worked overtime for decades now to put the yet is states in a position where it supports israel unconditionally. now, if you have an open debate where israel is criticized for pursuing policies court this role is criticize in ways to make it clear that american and israeli interests are sometimes at odds with each other, then you begin to question the special relationship. you begin to say, why are we supporting israel in an unqualified way when the interest of the two countries are at odds? so, the lottery does not want people saying that israel and the united states often have different interests. that might undermine the special

>> we live in the united states of america. and people shouldn't be forced to belong or be a member of any organization and the government has no business telling people what group you have to be a member of or not. i support strongly right to work legislation. for much of his life my dad was a teamster truck driver. my brothers and sisters, i was in a union. we grew up in a blue collar town. my family were reagan democrats. most of them now listen to rush limbaugh, actually. but the point is i understand these issues. we don't have a government tell us what organizations or associations we should be in. we tell the government what to do. >> mr. speaker, i assume you agree. one of the criticisms, you tell me whether it's fair or not. the criticism is as you watch the governors deal with this issue across the country, some people say there's a tone about it. they seem to be demonizing union workers. >> that's a totally different question. the question was right to work. one thing congress should do immediately is defund the natio

it is not enough for the united states to have these intentions. the chinese have to reciprocate. tavis: the new best-selling book from dr. henry kissinger is called "on china." i appreciate you sharing your insights. >> thank you for having me. >> we will see you tomorrow night. until then, thank you for watching, and as always, keep the faith. >> for more information on to a's show, visit -- on the show, visit pbs.org. >> join me next time for "sugar" ray leonard and his boxing life outside of the ring. >> all i know is his name is james, and he needs extra help with his reading. >> i'm james. >> yes. >> to everyone making a difference -- >> thank you. >> you help us all live better. >> nationwide insurance supports tavis smiley. with every question and answer, nationwide insurance is proud to join tavis in working to improve financial literacy and remove obstacles to economic empowerment one conversation at a time. nationwide is on your side. >> and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. [captioning made possible by kcet public television] captio

the united nations this coming week. there will be a big push by the uk, france, and the united states. >> what can the uk, france, and the united states do as a more limited coalition? obviously a coalition among the most powerful nations in the world, even excluding china and russia. what could we do? would trade sanctions be meaningful? would there be any economic pressures brought to bear that aren't already brought to bear? >> the primary instruments thus far invoked by the european union and the united states are sanctions on individuals who are responsible for the crackdown in syria. but a close second and one that policymakers are closely looking into at the moment are energy sector sanctions. all oil exports and gas exports from syria accrue to the state. they are the regime's primary lifeline. and hitting those hard and examining those in particular, including the involvement of foreign companies, is a primary lever that the united states and its allies can use against the assad regime to push them not only to cut a deal with society but eventually to leave power in syria in the months and perhaps years to come.

the credit score of the united states of america is now in question. august 2, the secretary of the treasury tells us that if we don't extend the debt ceiling of the united states, that we are going to be in a terrible financial situation. what is the debt ceiling? the debt ceiling is america's mortgage. it's the amount of money we borrow as a government, as a nation to sustain ourselves. and we borrow a lot of money. we borrow 40 cents for every dollar we spend, whether it's on a missile or a food stamp. and the creditors, our creditors around the world, of course, get paid interest for loaning us money to cover our debt. the level of interest that they are paid reflects their confidence that we will ultimate ly make payments, be good on the debt. right now, you pick up the newspaper and you read what's going on in greece. in greece, the government barely survived this week because they have had to initiative austerity measures, cutbacks in spending that aren't politically popular. and if they didn't, they were going to watch the creek credit rating fa

roach in the supreme court of the united states. i think it is clear from all of the precedents that a first to invent and a first to file provision is unconstitutional because it adds a layer of compliance in winning the race to the patent office for someone who already has that right. let's vote no to uphold our oaths of office under the constitution of the united states. the chair: the gentleman's time has expired. the gentlelady reserves. ms. kaptur: yes. i would like to inquire as to remaining time on both sides, please. the chair: the gentlelady from has five minutes. the gentleman from texas has 3 1/2 minutes. the gentleman from texas voiced. mr. smith: mr. chairman, i reserve the balance of my time. the chair: the gentleman reserves. the gentlelady from ohio. ms. kaptur: yes, i'd like to yield a minute to the gentleman from nebraska, mr. terry. thank you. mr. terry: thank you. the chair: the gentleman from nebraska is recognized for one minute. mr. terry: mr. chairman, since the founding of the republic, our patent system has