it was an effort by the founders of the vietnam archive to include all of the voices of the vietnam eeps crager, as possible, we tried to create as broad and as deep a spectrum as we can of those that participated in the war so we can leave a personal nept record for current and future generations of researchers to help them understand what the vietnam war was about. we certainly believe that there is no possible way to do justice to the vietnam war to begin to understand the war, until we have heard from those people who experience it first hand. oral history is, by its nature, subjective. we're asking people to rely on what they remember and, remember, their experiences will be filters through the years and various other considerations so it's incumbent upon the researcher and the historian to use oral history interviews and use them for what they're good for. for the personal aspect as well as corroborating evidence. but no one should ever take one source as being the one source to base their work on. it is -- it's a matter of trying to try age late, if you will, and triage late. and

it's basically their command to run the war in south vietnam. while they're doing this they divide the south into various districts to organize throughout the country, even down to the village level. in 1961 the north intensifies the military as well as the political struggle against the south. what they're hoping when they get into this, they think they can politicize the situation enough and make it violent enough where they can provoke a general uprising against the south vietnamese regime. one of the strands that runs through the north vietnamese military is they can create a situation of instability and terror in the south that is strong enough and indoctrinate enough people to get the spontaneous or provoked uprising, they never get it but they hope it will be part of it. other communist movements have the same type of view and they generally are as unsuccessful. critically at the same time they have another issue that's starting to bother them. the u.s. has a pretty extensive advisory group in south vietnam and the north is worried that if

over the next hour scholars focus on the vietnam war. they discussed the partnership between richard nixon and henry kissinger, his role as commander in chief, the pentagon papers and the administration's response to dissent. >> welcome back to understanding richard nixon and his era, a symposium. i'm kenn hughes. i'm a researcher with the presidential recordings program of the university of virginia's miller center, co-sponsor of this, the first scholarly conference at the richard m. nixon library and museum. we're turning now to nixon and vietnam. a tragically timely subject when america finds herself embroiled in an inconclusive war or two and the editor of foreign affairs and the pages of "the new york times" has suggested that president obama model his exit from afghanistan on president nixon's exit from vietnam. we have some amazing, amazingly good scholars to discuss the subject with you today. i'll introduce each one right before he or she speaks. we'll start off with jeffrey kimba kimball, no one has done more to bring richard ni

" about the ho chi minh trail. "vietnam: the history of an unwinnable war." prados heads the iraq documentation project and the vietnam project. it is in his contract that i should mention his most recent book "the normandy crucible," which is not about vietnam. john prados. [ applause ] >> thank you very much. that was very gracious. let me also add my voice to those of all my colleagues congratulating and thanking the people who brought us to this event here this weekend. we think it's a wonderful opportunity to bring these issues before the public eye. actually, we were just talking about his tor i don't gofy. let me open on a his tor graphical note. it shows you kind of how the process goes and a time to read the tea leaves. the phrase decent interval actually comes from an article that henry kissinger wrote, which he published in the journal foreign affairs in the month before the 1968 election. people, especially foreign affairs experts, positioned themselves for potential appointments in dual administrations by putti

vietnam. that did not happen. but the point is that vietnamization took a long time to come into play and by the time it came into play, most american troops had been withdrawn. well -- >> okay. >> this is complicated. >> i have actually a slightly different interpretation of laird's role. and, by the way, the nixon library has quite an excellent laird oral history they did. in any case, i think that nixon's view of melvin laird, nixon and kissinger's i should say view of melvin laird was somewhat similar to what john kennedy thought about avril harriman, that he was the crocodile on the side of the creek who could bite your head off if you did it wrong. so laird's positions and what laird did and how he related to the president's enterprises was of huge importance to the white house, and that's why certain things happened the way they did during that period of the vietnam war. and i think jeff is right about laird's commitment to de-americanizing the war, but the way that the nixon administration went about doing that ha

, then there's the danger of south vietnam failing. falling. and therefore you need to build up the south vietnamese on the other side. nixon didn't end it until 1969 and into '70 and even then it was more than laird wanted them to the other strategy was force. khpwhv it purpose, which was to force the other side to withdraw north ve vietnamese troops from south vietnam and to give up on their insistence of the unified vietnam. that did not happen. but the point is that vietnamization took a while to come into play and by then most american troops had withdrawn. >> we're out of time. >> i had actually a slightly different determination of laird's role. and by the way, the nixon library has quite an excellent oral history that they did. in any case, i think that nixon's view of laird was somewhat similar to what john kennedy thought about harriman, that he was a crocodile on the side of the creek that would bite your head off if you did it wrong. so laird's positions and what laird did and how he related to the president's enterprises w

(playing sad music) what's so terrifying about the vietnam experience on film is that we see the deathknowing it has no moral payoff. i would like to see spike lee or a black filmmaker make a film about vietnam. and until that is done, there's going to be a void in the vietnam genre. annenberg media ♪ and: with additional funding from these foundations and individuals: and by: and the annual financial support of: for information about this and other annenberg media programs call 1-800-learner and visit us at www.learner.org.

vietnam. that did not happen. but the point is vietnamization took a long time to come into play, by the time they came into play most american troop his withdrawn. okay, this is complicated. >> i have actually a slightly interpretation of laird's role and by the way. theon

but the president of south vietnam is a man named zem. he knows -- obviously they know what the north is trying to do. and he actually begins to mount a fairly effective campaign of suppression of the communist insurgents in south vietnam. this, by 1960, is worrying the north vietnamese because what they saw is their cadres be the vietnamese to make this regime collapse if ies too clear that we're making it collapse, maybe we'll provoke the americans into becoming bigger and stronger and then this will make it more difficult to make the regime collapse. but at the same time, we've dot to put pressure on it to win it. so what do we do? so it's a difficult thing for them. and eventually it will be their military efforts and their pressure that will help convince them to support south vietnam more strongly. now, importantly, the north also in 1961 decided that this would probably be a long war. that it would be a protracted struggle and they needed to keep that in mind and they would have to at the same time be patient and still have to worry

. >>> 30 years later we take a look back on the vietnam wall. memorial once seen as controversial has become one of the largest tourist destinations in the district. >>> good morning, welcome back to 9news now this monday morning. 4:45. he is using the word freeze in his forecast. after 80s last week? >> reporter: we were talking about this last week too. don't plant the tender stuff yet. it is too early. i know everything is in bloom, but it is just too early. some farmers are a little anxious about this. there is nothing they can do when mother nature sees 70s and 80s already. >> for the premature gardeners. > >> reporter: cover it up. bring it in. we'll be in the upper 20s in many areas by tomorrow morning. a plastic tarp or something over it. weatherwise, we are talking about a freeze watch a freeze warning north and west of town. but the watch is for us. let's go right to the maps. this is for tonight. not this morning but tonight into tuesday morning. areas in darker blue include the entire area, parts of charles county as well. that is th

the middle just broke down. he was a navy corpsman with marines in vietnam. ome here twice before, but couldn't cross the street. so this time his buddies helped him to come and see the people he couldn't save. >> reporter: at the vietnam veterans memorial, armando trull, 9news now. >> the memorial was dedicated back on november 13th, 1982, after thousands of vietnam war veterans marched to the site. this november all the names on the wall will be read during a four-day ceremony. >>> now for the latest on that shooting spree in afghanistan. the u.s. has paid $50,000 in compensation for each villager killed in that rampage. afghan officials say an additional $11,000 was paid for each person wounded. the officials say families were told that the money came from president barack obama. army staff sergeant robert bales is accused of sneaking is off his base two weeks ago and walking into two villages and opening fire on families as they slept. investigators believe the gunman returned to his base after the first attack and slimmed away again to carry out the secon

give the order to send troops into north vietnam. between 1965 and 1969 there are 325,000 chinese troops here. at one time there was 170,000. this is critical in many ways. to the north, they want these chinese troops because the more there are in north vietnam, it acts as a trigger. if the americans come north there will be a war with the chinese. there are chinese troops in north vietnam. in the north vietnamese' mind this is a great option to have. when you think about american options when we talk about this next week, think about american options for dealing with this war, keep in mind the chinese presence here and the factor that that brings to the table. in 1964 the north decided to consolidate their control of the central highlands. they're thinking that now they're getting prepared for what they think is going to be a final offensive against the south. after the gulf of tonkin incident and the fact that they couldn't negotiate a settlement, the north decided they had to start committing troops to the south. they believe they

and of course the place where the fourth and forgotten at all is in vietnam. forget it. so in america they forget it because you move onto the next war. but the people who actually fought for it -- i guess even some of the younger generation people protest worldwide to 50 million people countries. he was minimize two centigrade looked like 28 days after, it cleared the streets of london. ver happened life. protest clearly. very clear to those in hours. >> the lessons of vietnam have been very bold and for you because you've made a about vietnam. and then jfk can't be argued controversially with many remember, many people criticizing very strongly for that, that kennedy was possibly assassinated by the intelligence agencies because he was thinking of pulling out of vietnam. we'll come to that in a minute, but there is one scene at jfk, which i found when i first saw it quite hypnotic. it was about a 17, 18 minute talking heads seem, which in itself is quite remarkable for cinemark, today show talking heads, occasionally illustrated, making a very strong argument

the necks of these soldiers. these are authentic. >> reporter: scruggs, a vietnam veteran, startedly the memorial project with $2800money. he went on to raise $8 million. >> it was so sad whenever anybody died in vietnam because you just had a feeling nobody would ever remember them, and that's why i had to have the names up there. >> >> reporter: more than 58,000 names, one of them lieutenant colonel anthony shine. the air force pilot was listed as missing in action in 1972. >> i think it's a place of honor. >> reporter: his daughter, colleen shine, was eight at the time. stat's it like, even now, to just see his name there? >> i think one of the most amazing qualities of the the wall is that you see arizona in it. i see my father's name here and he is no longer living and his legacy is living. that reflection is me. >> reporter: the wall is also for those too young to remember vietnam but old enough to learn about the troops who died there. on the day of our visit to the memo memorial wall, we found letters left by elementary school students. this one, written by a sixth grader named michael, was addressed to mar

disabled veterans protesting the war in vietnam. are they -- [inaudible] the truth is they -- [inaudible] they have sacrificed! ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ [cheers and applause] >> when there is so much -- [inaudible] let's give those who have served in seat that many the honor and the -- in vietnam the honor and the respect that they deeveryone and they've earned. deserve and they've earned. [applause] >> i'm going to hajj that wouldn't -- happen that wouldn't -- >> that actually happened, and ron coe vick was evicted with two other fellows, and there was a big battle outside that happened -- >> yeah, i remember that. >> by the way, looking at those faces as he goes up the aisle, young/old, you know, the anger on the faces is directed at ron. i feel that nothing has changed. i mean, there was a south carolina primary election going on, ask the other day i read a quote that was unbelievable that romney, you know, they're outdoing even other with their patriotism. south carolina's a very military industrial complex state. so at one point romney said when

the war in vietnam exceedingly unpopular. the democratic national committee was -- i was behind in the polls, people were leaving me like i was a contagious disease. >> he was in the administration that lost control and when it came to the issue of vietnam, he didn't have control of that. >> absolutely intense, awful pressure. there never was a day when you could relax. >> i believe that the republican candidate -- i believe that the republican candidate owes it to the people to come out of the shadows. >> if you one time have had human excrement thrown at you by a protester, it makes every other protester the enemy. >> how badly was he defeated in '68 by richard nixon? >> well, he lost by one half of one percent of the popular vote, but he lost the electoral election by more, because he had some areas he didn't carry. but the popular vote was really close. literally less than one half of one percent. >> during your documentary we hear hubert humphrey's voice a lot and don't see him. where does that come from? >> i think we de

the u.s. starts sending major forces into south vietnam. the soviets at this point heavily colved, the north, again, they're continuing to prosecute their strategy the way they had before. you've got the political elements of it, but you've also got the military elements of it. and part of the political element of it, this deception and propaganda campaign, when the u.s. becomes heavily involved, the north tries to do everything it cando. a communist victory is inevitable. they also mask and lied about their motives and their actions. they did this wonderfully, wonderfully well. and they did everything they could do to discredit the u.s. actions in the war. and they were often aided in this by sympathetic elements in the western press, anti-americanism both in the united states and abroad, and they proved very, very successful here. and all of this that they're doing is made easier by the fact that most foreigners don't know anything about vietnam. and they don't know anything about southeast asia. and also you have this strange -- this real

along with the use of road transport, half of the rice is transported by boat. vietnam a vast network of canals-- more than 11,000 miles in all. given that water is so plentiful in the mekong delta, it seems ironic that when le van than began farming, he and his fellow farmers suffered water shortages. translator: before 1978 here, we only grew one rice crop. from 1979 on, thanks to irrigation, we could grow two crops. narrator: sbetter irrigation mader cr. the increase possible. but getting water from the rivers to each rice field at the correct time requires extensive organization. ( man speaking vietnamese ) translator: to bring water into the paddies, there are two ways that work. one is the state-owned system with the large pumping stations. we invest money for those stations. the other way is that some households can do the pumping themselves or they can go together with other families to form a group of people for pumping water into the paddies. or this is thothe chf wn ine vathan's province. most of its 100,000 people are involved in some way in the rice growing

i landed with the assault company. my training vietnam was to jooin join in the battle and not to be a hero and not to be hunting for a medal. but if you're in the lead helicopter, if you have to divert to an alternate landing zone and i had one selected. also, you can make a quick area reconnaissance. going in to get an idea of the terrain. and if it's a hot lz, you're on the ground to take care of it. and if it's a cold lz, you have time to walk around and rig a reconnaissance of the terrain. and get an idea of the battlefield where you might make contact. >> was bruce -- >> bruce was the pilot in the -- he was a pilot. lieutenant john mills was his co-pilot and me and the sergeant-major and my two radio operators and my intelligence officer, cap payne entertain messker, who was killed within two hours, about three hours, really. and mr. nick, a vietnamese interpreter. we were in the lead helicopter of b-company, the assault company. the as you know from reading the book. we had a hell of a fight that day. it was a cliffhanger. and prob

nixon wished to fire the united states commander in vietnam, general craig abrams, because he was not acting forcefully enough. in 1972, in the beginning of the year, when the north vietnamese launched the eastern offenses, mr. nixon immediately criticized the air force for not developing sufficiently potent plans for hitting north vietnam. in fact, the christmas bombings that occurred in december 1972, in which we sent 150 b-52 bombers, was prefigured the middle of april of that year when mr. nixon specifically wrote in memos that he sent to the pentagon, i want a plan thursday morning to hit hanoi with 100 b-52 bombers. he was constantly pushing and pushing. this is the kind of thing you have to explain. it's not limited. there was a plane shot down. the immediate response that knicks be son ordered was an armedbñ-v attack, similar to at north korea. i actually with a colleague here from the nixon library, did the oral history interview with former secretary of defense melvin laird and he explained how he had to deconstruct this nixon order to go attack north korea. so the historia

troops and the people of army of vietnam, the vietnam archive interviewed veterans from the battles. it was after these battles waged in november of 1965, that north vietnamese forces engaged in ger la warfare. up next, excerpts from one of those worldries. we'll hear from harold moore. over the next hour, moore ruminates on the nature of war and leadership and we'll hear his recollections of the battles he knew would reverberate in washington and hanoi. this is the second of two parts and opens with moore talking about freedom of the press during wartime. part one can be viewed at cspan.org/history. >> what i -- that commanders did welcome and understand press coverage. but after the fact, they add that when the negative reports, tried to turn the volume down a bit. starting to have a problem with the way that a war was being -- i realized every now and then -- i would -- i thought it was -- or the american people. the people who send their sons and daughters off to war, they deserve to know what's going on. they depend on -- it was unfortunate -- >> is that correct? >> that's corre

that was the same with a lot of the journalists in vietnam. they didn't know what they were looking at. so consequently they took these -- they took the pictures and they reported graphic stuff, some of which helped the enemy. >> join us next weekend for more oral histories from the vietnam archive. that airs saturday at 8:00 a.m., sunday at 3:00 p.m. and monday at 4:00 a.m. eastern. for more information and to watch past oral histories, visit our website, c-span.org/history. >>> louisiana governor bobby jindal is scheduled to reveal his proposal for balancing the state budget for the next fiscal year to date, a budget, $900 million in the red. in shreveport it's mostly cloudy and 37 degrees at the airport, 38 at barksdale and 38 in men den. you're listening to shreveport news radio 710 keough. >> this weekend book tv and "american history tv" look at shreveport, louisiana. today at noonest earn on become tv author gary joiner on the union army's failure in louisiana "one dam blunder from beginning to end: the red river campaign of 1864" then a

that was a battle which changed the war in vietnam. the american war in vietnam. i knew at the outset, and we were hit heavily by those two enemy battalions. i knew that however the outcome of this battle, major decisions were going to be made in saigon and hanoi and washington. and i knew that we had to win. i knew we would. and general kennard wrote me a letter in recent years saying we had a lot of good battalions. it was the first cav division. i'm glad it was your battalion that ran into that hornet's nest which was a pretty good compliment from the commander general. >> yes, sir. >> but i've gone back to the battlefield twice, once with joe and i wanted to spend the night on the battlefield. the helicopter that took us in there, russian helicopter flown by two vietnamese pilots. they took the first lift out. but then the second lift, we were stranded by monsoon rain which pounded us for two hours, so we spent the night there. i was able to walk over to my command post and i visualized in memory that some of the dead that we were unable to get out that night.

to help japan join the transpacific partnership trade talks. vietnam is one of the nine nations discussing the free trade initiative. the vietnamese minister expressed his support. he declared the two countries are indispensable partners for economic development in the asia pacific region. >>> one of japan's biggest mobile phone carriers is getting into the solar power business. softbank says it will build four solar energy plants as it branches into renewable energy ventures. construction of two plants starts next month. one plant is in kyoto, western japan. the other is gunma, near tokyo. the company aims to start operations in july and then sell the energy to power companies. softbank says its station in kyoto will generate enough electricity to support 1,000 households annually. the gunma facility will be able to power 640 households. the schedule to build two other plants in toke oshima prefecture in western japan is not yet decided. it's expected those facilities together will be able to power over 1500 households. >>> and share prices are actual

troops and the people's army of vietnam, the vietnam archive interviewed veterans from the battles of the la drang valleys. up next, airing for the first time on television, excerpts from one of those oral histories. we'll hear from william lund, a forward observer with bravo company and was in charge of launching long range artillery that launched long range ex-way. >> i was married. my high school sweetheart and i got married as sophomore and junior in college. that's why i was in rotc, because lieutenants got more pay than privates. i thought that was a good idea. when i got my orders, i always remember it because it said -- in minnesota when you graduate you put your uniform on, walk across the stage, they pin the bars on you, hand you your diploma and they hand you your orders at the same time. i got my orders. i opened them up and i looked and it said 11th air assault experimental. i thought, i wonder what that is. so i took it back to the captain at the rotc. i said what's that. he said i don't know, but you're in trouble. that's how it started. >> you graduated and got your co

the necks of these shoulders. these are authentic. >> reporter: scruggs, a vietnam veteran, started the memorial project with $2800y. he went on to raise $8 million. >> it was so sad whenever anybody died in vietnam because you just had a feeling nobody would ever remember them. that's why i had to have the names up there. >> reporter: more than 58,000 names. one of them, lieutenant colonel anthony shine, the air force pilot listed as missing in action in 1972. >> i think it's a place of honor. >> reporter: his daughter was 8 at the time. what's it like, even now, to just see his name there? >> i think one of the most amazing qualities of the wall is that you see yourself in it. i see my father's name here and he's no longer living and his legacy is living. that reflection is me. >> reporter: the wall is also for those too young to remember vietnam but old enough to learn about the troops who died there. on the day of our visit to the memorial wall, we found letters left by elementary school students. this one written by a sixth grader named michael was addressed to marine michael vasquez. >> we thank you once aga

it's the conquest of south vietnam. that's what they want. they tell us the first thing we need to do is figure out the nature of the war. again, for our purposes for this, when you start your study of this case study, you start investigating this case study, think about that. what is the nature of this war? one of my colleagues back in newport, he talks about this being a war within a war within a war. and it's interesting perspective to think of because you have a multilayered series of events and activities obviously that are going on here. and different ways of fighting it. for the communists in many ways this is a revolutionary war. they want to expand communism in southeast asia. again, south vietnam is only the next stop on the road to that. and a regular warfare, guerrilla warfare is the how, but not all of it. of course, you have a regional war that develops here as well between north vietnam and the united states. and this, of course, spills over and allows cambodia and so on and south vietnam, the fighting in north vietnam as well p

to help japan join the trans-pacific partnership trade talks. vietnam is one of nine nations discussing the free trade initiative. the vietnam minister expressed support and said the two countries are in dispensable partners for economic development in the asia pacific region. >>> one of japan's biggest mobile phone carriers is getting into the solar power business. soft bank says they will build four solar energy plants as it branches into renewable energy ventures. construction of two plants starts next month. one in kyoto, the other near tokyo. the company aims to start operations in july and sell the energy to power companies. soft bank says its station in kyoto will generate enough electricity annually to support 1,000 households. the guma will be able to power 640 households. they're scheduled to build two other plants in tokushima prefecture. western japan is not yet decided. it is expected those facilities together will be able to power over 1500 households. >>> south korea's kospi just opened. let's look at those levels. more news next hour. ba

the vietnam memorial was designed and constructed and we appreciate having a process but at the same time we have not relinquished our authority in this area and our input on this and i want to thank you for all the work all of you have done. these things are not always without controversy. i do appreciate all the work that you have done and your various responsibilities. thank you, mr. chairman. >> thank you. >> jumping into the middle of a controversy is not a good place for us to be, but there seems to be a process under way that's an itterative process. mrs. eisenhower, you indicated that you've had a meeting with mr. gearry and looking forward to another meeting. from the witnesses it appears there's an ongoing process to reach a final design and that a final design has not yet been involved. is that correct? i guess we ask commission executive officer. >> the submission of a final design proposal has not yet been made. that is correct. there is still a process under way to develop that final design and thenniering drawings, construction and so forth beyond that. so, some have s

i was here when the vietnam memorial was designed and constructed. we appreciate having a process but at the same time we have not relinquished our authority in this area to and our input on this. i want to thank you for all the work all of you have done. these things are not always without controversy and taste and what should be shown about a person a person or era always can involve controversy. i do appreciate all the work you've done and your various responsibilities. thank you, mr. chairman. >> thank you mr. kildee. mr. garamendi, do you have questions? >> jumping into the middle of a controversy is not a good place for us to be. there seems to be a process under way that is an iterative process. ms. eisenhower, you indicated you had a meeting with mr. gehry and you were looking forward to another meeting. from the witnesses it appears as though there's an ongoing process to reach a final design and that a final design has not yet been developed. is that correct? i guess we ask the commission executive officer. >> the submission of a final desig

a storied 52- year history, playing a permanent role in the cuban missile crisis and serving in the vietnam war, operations desert fox, enduring freedom. it's the first aircraft carrier ever deployed. >>> on tuesday, voters in alabama and mississippi will have their say and the candidate will the most approved may be mitt romney. here's the latest. >> reporter: primary has been dominated by tight races and more of that drama is surrounding the tuesday primaries in alabama and mississippi. today rick santorum continued to take aim at mitt romney, campaigning in tupelo, mississippi he responded to claims about the romney camp that santorum can't nail down the delegates he needs during the remaining primaries. >> establishment is trying to force a moderate republican from massachusetts down the throats of the american people, and if we have to go to a convention, we'll win the convention. i have no doubt about that. >> reporter: romney, who has no events scheduled today, has more than twice the delegates santorum has at this point in the race. for gingrich, who won south carolina and his home

the two governments signed an agreement in vietnam's capital hanoi on wednesday. as part of an official development assistance program, japan will offer over $3.5 million. using the money vietnam is to buy japanese equipment for training crew members on ships. >> the cooperation is very meaningful because it will help people worldwide remember the rebuilding efforts in japan. >> meanwhile, vietnam's transport minister welcomed the support. he said vietnam could learn japanese people's spirit of reconstruction by getting products from the disaster-hit area. >>> japan plans to offer a combined $48 million in aid to 14 nations, including mongolia and sri lanka. >>> on paper, the outlook for the people of tanzania looks promising. growth has been steady at 6% to 7% each year for the past decade. but the booming economy, the official one, has bypassed most tanzanians. so they've created their own marketplace. nhk world reports. >> reporter: dar es salaam has bustled with trade for centuries. recently, business has been on the upswing. for investors from places like sout

. >>> 30 years ago today, ground was broken for the vietnam memorial. the time the stark design of the black granite wall was quite controversial. since then the wall has been considered hallowed grounds. joe leon has volunteered at the wall and helped other vets coming to terms with what happened. >> then the guy in the middle just broke down. he was a navy corpsman, with marines. his buddies helped him to come and see the people he could be save. >> since it opened in late 1982 the vietnam memorial has become one of the nation's top tourist destinations. >>> it has been more than seven months now, but another aftershock hit virginia last late night. the u.s. geological survey says a tremor hit about six miles outside mineral. mineral was the town with the quake on august 23rd. there have been hundreds of aftershocks since the quake last august. >>> it is 5:93 and i am watching your money. you have just about three weeks to get that tax return stamped and in the mail or submitted electronically. if you are rushing the return, take a pause, breathe. dou

that was the same as a lot of the journalists in vietnam. they didn't know what they were looking at. so consequently they took pictures of dead soldiers and they reported graphic stuff which they never should have reported. some of which helped the enemy. >> join us next weekend for more oral histories from the vietnam archive airing saturday at 8:00 a.m., sunday at 3:00 p.m. and monday at 4:00 a.m. eastern. for more information and to watch past oral histories, visit our website cspan.org/history. >>> all weekend long, american history tv is in shreveport, louisiana, next we visit the louisiana state exhibit museum which opened in 1939. and was one of the most expensive construction projects managed by the public works administration during the great depression. the museum is currently displaying a collection of original signed documents from some of america's earliest political figures. >>> the state museum has on loan, a collection from ms. gloria meyer, her husband acquired the collection during his lifetime and when he passed away she w

the massacre of vietnam, the recent mistakes in afghanistan. >> the timing of all of this is just kindazy, because you've got the video of the marines urinating on the corpses, you've got the accidental burning of the koran which caused a huge demonstration in the streets of afghanistan, and now, this comes on the heels when that's just calmed it down. >> reporter: if we're confused at home about this apparent slaughter, imagine being in the american military in afghanistan right now. >> the big question is the why. and will it derail what we're going to do tomorrow morning? it's dangerous. you've got to be vigilant. it feels frightening and frightening for other service members over there, i'm sure, who have already seen their friends get killed by afghans in uniform with loaded weapons seeking revenge. it's not a secret that's been happening. >> reporter: so tomorrow, now, american soldiers and marines are omissions with afghans -- on missions with afghans who are furious what's happened, some wanting revenge and they're next to marines with bullets and guns and varying degrees of pr

have occurred before or after and i have been in dark canyons and back to the battlefield, i've been in other battles in vietnam in the quiet of night on occasion. never have i read about or seen such a sight. so i don't know who you're going to interview but i hope they follow my guise of telling the truth. good or bad. this is history. and i don't know who is going to watch or listen to all this history. >> what would you like to say to these people who will be listening 100 years from now? >> not much to say except these oral history tapes which are occurring, i hope that the measure and lessons you hear and whatever walk of life you're in, military, civilian world, political world, that's my message. i've got to go. >> thank you, sir. >> yep. >> join us next weekend for more oral history from the vietnam archives saturday at 8:00 a.m., sunday at 3:00 p.m., and monday at 4:00 a.m. eastern. for more information, visit our website. c-span.org/history. >> congratulations to all this year's winners of the video documentation. a record number of middle and high school students joined the contest showing which par

i am from the vietnam era. stions that has been on my mind ever since we have gone into iraq and afghanistan is it seems to me that the stress level is different in that even in the non-, you could get away from the front. you could go out to the jungle and get away. you could get away from the stress of battle. in this war, you are under constant stress. 24/7. i have not heard anyone talking about that. i wondered if you had any thoughts on that issue? guest: yes. very good point. vietnam, you could go for our and our -- for r &r. most people went for a year and then they came back for good. in iraq and afghanistan, there are repeat deployments. there is no safe place, even at the bigger bases. you still have the marchers coming in and people have died. there is no front line. there are a lot of -- there is a lot of discussion about doing r &r but people are reluctant if it means they might be killed on their way there. you're absolutely right. there is a constant level of stress. our soldiers have adapted very

john ramos on the unique strategy involved in bringing it to oakland. >>> reporter: in 1968, the vietnam war was consuming the american psyche. and no symbol defined the war more than that of the huey helicopter. >> it just brings up all those memories that you had thought you had forgotten. >> reporter: bringing up memories is the job of the oakland museum of california. and today's task was daunting. construct a full-sized huey helicopter indoors as part of a new exhibit examining the events of one of america's most pivotal years, 1968. >> this will be a way to really elicit those stories and get people back to that time period. >> reporter: but there was a problem. a huey doesn't come apart. it's manufactured as one big piece. >> and so, how are we going to make this into parts? how do we make a huey kit? >> reporter: so a group of designers and vietnam vets got out saws and created a chopper that can be trucked in, moved inside, and reassembled in about five hours' time. wayne terry spent the war as a helicopter mechanic and doo gunner. he says it was a symbol for a nation torn by wa

one reason the major that is because vietnam wants to be the next country to seek a manufacturing explosion falling in the steps of china and india. if you have a story idea log onto cbssf.com and click connect or send me any me out. >> the summit will not move ahead with a bill to repeal tax breaks for oil companies. today the president pled for congress to end the subsidies but senate democrats failed to get them necessary two-thirds vote. that bill would have eliminated more than $24 billion in tax deductions granted to big oil companies. obama says that americans are getting hit twice, once of the gas pump and the second time through taxes. first lady michelle obama will be in the bay area tomorrow. starting offer evening in san fransisco she will speak at the democratic national committee events and then on saturday she heads to alemeda court for a u.s. coast guard ceremony. as the sponsor of a ship, the first fleet will give the order to bring that vessel to life. she also plans to meet with several female coast guard veterans that serve during world war two. >> if you have an eye fro

the united states i think had been very badly hurt by vietnam. very badly divided, so i think that was a concern, and a lot of economic trouble because of inflation was running high, partly because of the expenditure on vietnam. and so nixon was very conscious of the position in the united states in the world had been very damaged by its own internal troubles and its problems with vietnam. he was concerned about his relationship with his allies and he was very concerned about the soviet union which was, of course, thoroughly enjoying the spectacle of the americans going to grief in vietnam and was dragging its feet on arms negotiations, for example. i think the early 70s were troubled, and nixon was very concerned, and i think that's one of the reasons why he thought that an opening to china might help to rebuild the position of the united states. >> what was the relationship in 1972 between the united states and china, but actually probably ought to drop back a little bit before that in '71 when i assume the liaison started and how did it start?

be more assertive. >> jon: do you think-- is it the only reason we have the political will to do that after watergate and vietnamwas the extensive and obvious damage that those two events caused if america, do we need something that extreme to occur before we can recent that in again, that you know, as you said, it's so difficult and congress is in many ways complicity with this. >> yeah. >> jon: isn't it so difficult for them to give that power back. >> i think we have had something that big in the longest war in american history. >> jon: right. >> fought simultaneously with an 8.5 year long war in iraq and only 1% of the population fating it, doing 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 tours. while we gave ourselves multiple tax cuts. we gave ourselves a tax cut right before 9/11. then 9/11 happened, we invaded afghanistan. we didn't give the tax cut back and gave another tax cut right before invading iraq. without does that. what kind of country does that. that is not a country thinking of itself as going to war. (applause) >> jon: you have to look at tax cuts like executive power. it is hard to give them back. >> but i think that t