they were thought to be magicians. 1725, oh molly in the west africa. the drums -- be ware of sea birds, be ware of men that steal up the river through the great forest. and into the savannah lands. the moans and groans, hundreds, thousands stolen, we rarely speak the taken, i will this time because you have asked. come back, back, back, far edge of memory. we recall them and they are black smith, by all accounts a master craftsman, worthy of praise, honored as a powerful magician. one who could speak the old names of the mother elements, earth, fire, water, wind. they would do as bidding, think. people sing praise songs. he was a gifted black smith. he is not remembered for that. he is best remembered for being a loving father. when his beloved wife died only after a year and embraced his newborn son, i will raise you myself. the elder women with argued against it saying you'll grow up wild without a gentle hand of a mother, a gentle hand to guide him. must divide by custom, take another wife or give the baby to a mother who is childless. how will you

the west indies. some would venture further to africa, india. but wherever they went, this voyage of exile was a trip into the unknown. in america the refugees left behind friends and relatives, careers and land, houses and native streets. the entire unit in which they built their lives. for them, america seemed less an asylum to the persecuted as the patriots posted it than the potential per secure. was the british empire there would be their asylum offering land on emergency relief, a financial incentive to help them start over. evacuation day didn't mark the end to the loyalist refugees. it was a fresh beginning and carried them into a dynamic of the uncertain world. now, i just read you the first couple of pages of "liberty's exiles," and in this book with i try to do is lay out and explain what happened to the loyalists next, because usually our stories and the conflict since 1783 but as i try to show for this population, the repercussions went on, and it unfolded in distant places. and in the book, i try to distill the experiences of the 60

black loyalists, freed slaves, moved from their initial place of refuge in canada across the ocean to west africa under the sponsorship of british abel a sense wanted to found a free black colony on the coast of west africa and the black loyalists with a pioneer settlers of what became freetown in sierra leone. they were a bit more. >> reporter: and other black loyalists who ended up among the convicts on the first fleet bound for australia and others in india. sons of one of the most infamous. i like to think there is lineage and the other side of the world. the point is that within a few years of the end of the revolution the map of the vilest diaspore, actually a map of it a few pages into this book, the map looks a lot like that of the british empire as a whole. this points to one of the key features that i wanted to signal about the significance of looking at this nice aura. it really helps make sense of a seeming paradox. the american revolution was the greatest single the speed -- defeat for the british empire until the era of will or to. the greatest loss of territory, it plunged the empi

now they're using this exercise as a public relations exercise for the united states africa command that africa rejects is it that the west is attempting to establish a military base in libya to stop the revolution in tunisia and egypt in the back let's be very clear that the west is not in support of democracy in africa they're not in support of democracy in yemen in bahrain in saudi arabia it is the west that is supporting one of the most arcade governments in the world in saudi arabia so for the west we all live in the united states of america when we are cutting back money for teachers for education for schools for health for housing for environment we cannot spend a billion dollars on tomahawk missiles against libya it is up to the people of africa and it is amazing that in this discussion we have not discussed the rule of the african union the united nations security council should be giving assistance to the african union for humanitarian assistance to libya that was the mandate of the security council of the united nations france and britain were in bed. with gadhafi son finance succors is campy succors is no in t

government will be in charge of the north and africa will be closely egypt and close to tunisia algeria will be controlling the region nato will be in place this means the west controls north africa so that's that's the real game that you won't see is poured out in mainstream media for its mayo is bursting its surveillance flights over libya with around the clock monitoring it comes as president obama says the u.s. is considering possible military intervention america is also reportedly asking saudi arabia to airlift weapons to the groups i just granted she can has a details from washington d.c. . president obama said military involvement in levy is possible he did not specify whether he was talking about direct or in direct involvement the u.s. has reportedly asked saudi arabia if it can supply weapons to the rebels in being gal's eat the saudis have been told that opponents of the khadafi need anti-tank rockets mortars and ground to air missiles to shoot down gadhafi his five bombers situation in levy is critical as it is with hundreds of people dead and with gadhafi saying he will fight until the last man standing and this reporting arm supply that could

this is just another means for and i'm thinking about this transition that we're seeing in north africa the west wants to grab it in control it all over again it really is afraid of democracy in north africa. that's right the united states is not interested in democracy in the middle east or north africa unless it suits their purposes as admiral mullen said a few days ago the big difference between libya and bahrain is that libya is an enemy and bahrain is an ally we don't have any consistent principles when it comes to intervention of the united states there isn't this one what do you think about that no principles. i disagree with this is a statement i think this is not really about the united states this is about libya . so what we have here is i agree with you it's only a green and the issue here is that you have the libyan opposition is asking for intervention. if you want to imply that the situation is very different well i mean there's lots of people asking for intervention i mean just because some group asks us to intervene doesn't mean that we should do it and in fact the united states

millions of refugees will flow europe which will make the whole mediterranean region suffer with al qaeda will declare a jihad in northern africa and the west only forced to fight and counter dangerous challenges which in turn will evoke a new crusade or work here and help is there any specific date or victors. for what happened as the bandits left the oil producing regions they tried to do damage by destroying oil reservoirs it took us days to put out the fires that start ups the damage was dealt with in the regions where the bandits have managed to gain a foothold and asked to store weapons and alcohol so people stopped praying and those mosques even gave orders to have mosques destroyed. or better how many people were killed. there there were victims in several attacks on air fields but not to money the bandits around and drop their weapons were interested mainly in collecting those weapons i don't really want to hunt them down i just want to collect the rifles they dropped. and that. thank you very much i hope we meet again in a more peaceful time when you're so clumsy and. down the field official ante up location on the phone on called

. >> this was once called the paris of west africa. but it is increasingly chaotic as forces loyal to the two claimants battle for control. the northern district is now a no-go area for the security forces. instead they resulted to shelling from the distance calling deaths. outside the main city they are losing several hundred kilometers of territory a day. this is their final destination. already understand hundreds of thousands have fled the city. west african migrants are being repeatedly targeted by gangs. several thousand gathered outside the embassy to get help getting out. diplomatic pressure is growing. an audience at the vatican the pope appealed for dialogue and said he would send a top vatican official to the country. after four fruitless months of talks nothing but military action will persuade him to leave. john james, bbc news. >> what exactly do the u.n. sanctions entail? our correspondent explains from the united nations in new york. >> while theym posed targeted sanctions on him, his wife and three members of his close

. >> this was once called the paris of west africa, but abidjan is increasingly chaotic as the presidential claimant's battle for control. it's now i know go area for the security forces. they have resorted to shelling the densely packed suburb from a distance, causing tens of civilian deaths. the tension is rising because outside the main city, laurent gbagbo is losing several hundred kilometers of territory today. abidjan is the final destination. already, hundreds of thousands of people have fled the city. west african migrants have been targeted by pro-laurent gbagbo gangs. thousands gathered outside an embassy in mali to get help. at his weekly audience at the vatican, pope appealed for dialogue between the two sides and said he would send a top vatican official to the country. after four fruitless months of talks, nothing but military action will persuade laurent gbagbo to leave. >> there have been more anti- government demonstrations in several cities around yemen. hundreds of thousands turned out to demand the departure of the president of yemen. he accused his government of complic

millions of refugees will flood europe which will make the whole mediterranean region suffer al-qaeda were declared a jihad in northern africa and the west would be forced to fight and counter dangerous challengers which in turn will evoke a new crusade. or worse here and hell is there any specific data as to the number of victims of the i view that it was it. was the bandits left the oil producing regions to try to do damage by destroying all reservoirs it took us days to put out the fires they started with tonnage was dealt with in the regions where the bandits have managed to gain a foothold will be used to last to store weapons and alcohol so people stop praying and those mosques even give orders to have destroyed the myth of the world. what befell many people were killed. and what they were victims in several attacks on air fields but not to money that the bandits ran and dropped their weapons were interested mainly in collecting those weapons i don't really want to hunt them down i just want to collect the rifles they dropped. thank you very much i hope we'll meet again at a more peaceful time oakland has eleven. wealthy british so

calls to tunisia algeria will be controlling the region nato will be place this means the west controls north africa so that's that's the real game that you want see is poured out in mainstream media for. international pressure is mounting on gadhafi with the u.s. considering military intervention and the u.k. and france drafting a no fly zone resolution for the u.n. and this came some embarrassing off the record remarks from u.s. officials. as more. defense secretary robert gates landed in afghanistan troops plans with a top u.s. commander general david petraeus who greeted mr gates at the airport joking quote welcome back sir flying a little bigger plane than normal you're going to log some attacks on leave you or something and of quote the u.s. defense secretary responded to the comment by laughing and said quote yeah exactly well apparently the two gentlemen were unaware of the open microphone the world is now guessing whether that was just a joke or there was a kernel of truth even that's true even if it were just a joke with the situation in libya critical and really verging on a full fledged

next government will be in charge of north africa will be close to egypt calls to tunisia algeria will be controlling the region made to dismiss the west called drawls north africa so that's the real game. mainstream media for. nato is saying and surveillance flights over libya was round the clock monitoring comes as president obama says the u.s. is considering possible military intervention america is also reportedly asking saudi arabia to airlift weapons to the groups are these going to count has details from washington d.c. president obama said military involvement in levy is possible he did not specify whether he was talking about direct or indirect involvement the u.s. has reportedly asked saudi arabia if it can supply weapons to the rebels in benghazi the saudis have been told that opponents of the khadafi need anti-tank rockets mortars and ground to air missiles to shoot down could out this five on the first situation in libya is critical as it is with hundreds of people dead and with qaddafi saying he will fight until the last man standing and this report on supply that could come from the saudis upon the request of the united

government will be in charge of the north in africa will be close to egypt in close to tunisia algeria will be controlling the region nato will be place this means the west called trolls north and africa so that's that's the real game that you won't see is called out in mainstream media for. not stepping in direct leave the us has helped create an environment that gave people in the arab world a feeling of international support that's the view of political analyst at the carnegie endowment matthew were jad his interview coming up in about twenty minutes time here's a preview. if you look at the slogans that those people are using they're not exactly pro western pro-american slogans there's a lot of kind of you know anti-americanism israel feeling i don't think they generally view themselves as being aligned with the american camp they're mostly aligned with their own interests but it is probably true that the united states and others talking about values like freedom and you know getting rid of authoritarianism have helped to create an environment in which you know those who are coming out on the streets in libya and egypt in tunisia you know feel that t

percent see russia does not need democracy with the way of a democratic uprising in the northern africa will the west read this cover from a critic. ok steve before we went to the break i noticed that you were reloading your political pistol to fire back at ford so go right ahead. i thought that you know for for wants to cut social security and medicare and things like that you know the thing is a military spends as much on defense as the entire actually more on defense than the entire rest of the world combined i i am in favor of a strong defense of former military the military but you know that i used to be in the u.s. air force i was i was enlisted i want america to have a strong defense we don't need the military that we have now how about an across the board fifty percent cut in on the terry spending let's see where that gets us in terms of budgetary situation and then let's go back and see if we need to cut folks for middle class people who retire and need health care i don't think it's necessary i think when you thought when you when you cut what really is not necessary to keep americans safe

the west democracy in north africa is a preview of what's to come. i look at this it would have been much better if the international community dejan and the others intervened earlier on when political interventions could have been effective probably more effective and less costly in human life and in material destruction than this but they did it nobody did it would have been better if the united states had stayed out of this to begin with we're the ones that have been propping up these leaders we have given millions of dollars to moammar gadhafi. as you know the fed says that you know a lot of mean we can not to start doing the right thing. you are not going to do ninety five or so you know you round we beat up i decided then we beat up you know that i know but now we have the opportunity to do something very different and this is not about western intervention this is going to infuriate people you know to these guys can only carry india but this is not my day united states. you can see across talking about seventeen minutes time here and now in oth

majors not only so emotionally to lose their natal believe it as well so this means the west called trolls north africa so that's that's the real game that you won't see is called out in mainstream media for why it is it's really sad to see what kind of a short term memory with him to collectively have when it comes to these kinds of conflicts pepe escobar asia times correspondent thank you as always for being with us. now it seems that the united states may be carrying out its own kind of p.r. stunt this time trying to repair its image of ghana stan u.s. secretary of defense robert gates is in that country on a surprise visit arriving shortly after president karzai rejected an apology from the u.s. now just hours before robert gates landed in afghanistan general david petraeus said that he was sorry for the civilian attack in that country that killed nine young afghan children just a few days ago but karzai is that the apology was quote not enough so cue the u.s. secretary of defense who again apologized on behalf of the u.s. in a move that seems to have done the trick karzai and gates have since talk

want to divide leading to parts i want all of our friends as we know the west has its own interests and that's the reality that africa was a priority in libyan foreign policy we maintain relations and we have certain plans with the west never forget about the ideological side of things that's the reality of it people visit our country italians for instance they are after their own goals they have asked us to deposit funds in italian bank accounts when the euro was in trouble they all have their own interests some when we should have been countries are evidently only a side of the moment you sort of have there are many i like the position of the chairman of the african union which he will explain a bit of the coming peace and security council to an ad is about. what you think of the our country stance here regretfully the arab states have a negative position. here not all of them gulf states for instance kuwait have made negative statements that was all we heard. to expect them russian on the road here because. russia's apparent to us relations between our countries between mr putin and our leader are good russia is t

in the on the west in the middle east and north africa are shaking at the wall of america's foreign policy is changing course along with it it's a huge erection that tops the agenda for u.s. secretary of state hillary clinton i think he means seeing on capitol hill this week. on a soviet union. president celebrates his eightieth that they've become got a bunch all sensitive a man put a brush on the paul so both democracy. now but i suspect it's for us good to see you soon news of last night's football. that's right a few surprises with chelsea coming from behind to beat man united plus we've got a cricket hat trick to enjoy it you know what that is alex going to say i don't really know what is when a bowl a gets that three batsmen in a row from three boards that makes it clearer. picture is coming up in a moment the staging for the sport. hello there thanks for watching the sport and this is what is coming up. staying alive in our last go get a vital win against an armory get to remain in the cage tell playoff. class leggins losing day the brazil world cup winner carlos face to face is an

black loyalists, the freed slaves, moved from their initial place of refuge in canada across the ocean to west africa. they did it under the sponsorship of british abolitionists who wanted to found a free black colony on the coast of black africa, and the loyalists were the pioneer settlers of what was free town in sierra leone. they were more fortunate than others who were ended up as convicts and other loyalists end up in india, including two sons of the one of the most infamous loyalists of all, the turncoat benedict arnold. he has two sons who go to india and has a half indian grant son. the point of this within just a few years of the end of the revolution, the map of the loyalists disapra looks like the map of the british empire as a whole. this points to the key features i wanted to show about the significance of looking at this because it makes sense of a seeming paradox. the american revolution was the greatest single defeat for the british empire until the era of world war ii. this is the greatest loss of territory. it plunged the empire into enormous debt. it was particularly a sort of hum

afghanistan millions of refugees will flood europe which will make the whole mediterranean region some for . northern africa and the west will be forced to find some counter deidre's challenges which the new crusade needs well christina certainly has could duffy is warning that the situation in the ground could become similar to what we're seeing take place in afghanistan one of the main questions that everybody continues asking is even if a resolution is passed of the united nations depend no matter what the details of it are whether or not it's going to be effective whether or not it's going to be a voice that is going to be heard in libya which according to many experts for now looks unlikely because the situation has gotten so dire because of the civil war breaking out. we have to say that of course in the united states and particularly a lot of analysts have been saying that the united states getting militarily involved on the ground would be a big mistake considering the involvement in iraq and afghanistan and even a no fly zone was something that wasn't really cheered for by many and now more measures are being c

as we know the west has its own interests and that's the reality of that africa was a ground already in libya foreign policy we maintain relations and we have certain plans but the west never forgets about the ideological side of things that's the reality of it people this is their country italians for instance they are after their own goals they have asked us to deposit coins in italian bank accounts when the euro was in trouble they all have their own interests some one which american countries are getting really only a side of the moment you sort of have there are many i like the position of the chairman of the african union which he will explain in the other coming peace and security council going at this event on the same bob what do you think of the arab country stance here regretfully the arab league states have a negative position. said you're one of them states for instance kuwait have made negative statements that was all we heard problem sunday and what do you expect them russian on the road here. russia is a friend to us relations between our countries between mr putin and

meantime which they say in the season supporting the bad guys with major shifts of power in parts of north africa the middle east some americans fear the west will shake their country's global influence. on the last leader of the soviet union celebrates his eightieth birthday because gorbachev was the man behind the constellation of state censorship and the promotion of free speech but some accuse him of paving the way for destructive and chaotic for the. coming of the history. the face of terrorism in the twentieth century. my name is bob baer. i used to be a cia station in the eleven on during the civil war. it was chaos. but the real threat was always car bombs. but until now the car bomb secret history has never been told. who invented it who developed it and who killed. i've come back to the one city where car bombs have forever shape.

about european and western influence in the new new and emerging countries of north africa and i think the west is trying to assert itself in libya and i am also suspicious that we might end up with a division of libyan almost a partition into the eastern part led by those that are currently ruling the roost garcia the western part led by gaddafi and the remains of his government this is a very sad and very tragic situation. now the revolutionary movement has been spreading across the middle east and north africa for almost three months syria is now the latest country where people are marching to voice their anger for them though it's not the freedom to speak out five people have reportedly been killed after security forces fired on hundreds of demonstrators in the southern city of daraa the crackdown was launched after multiple protests run up defying a ban on marches in yemen around fifty people are reported to have been killed and hundreds of others injured after a sniper's allegedly opened fire on a workers staged a walkout in antigovernment protests in the capital the president has declare

i think this is much more about european and western influence in the new new and emerging countries of north africa and i think the west is trying to assert itself and i am also suspicious that we might end up with a division of libya was to partition into and east by those that currently ruling the roost in the western part of the remains of his government this is a very sad and very tragic situation. revolutionary moods been spreading across the middle east and north africa for almost three months syria is the latest country where people are marching to voice their anger for them it's about the freedom to speak out five people have reportedly been killed after security forces fired on hundreds of demonstrators in the southern city of daraa the crackdown was launched after multiple protests were not defying a ban on march sixth in yemen at least forty five people died dozens of others were injured after snipers allegedly opened fire on workers from the stage to walk out in an anti-government protest in the capital the president declared a thirty day state of emergency but denies his forces were involved in the shootin

i think this is much more about european and western influence in the new new and emerging countries of north africa and i think the west is trying to assert itself in libya and i am also suspicious that we might end up with a division of libya almost a partition into an eastern part led by those that are currently ruling the roost to bring garcia in the western part led by gadhafi and the remains of his government this is a very sad and very tragic situation. but you can follow the latest developments in libya on our twitter and facebook pages record links to one of our videos and regular updates. he says. the official only allocation. called talk from the. shoulder like. the. old girls. on the call. it was also a lot from moscow let's turn our attention now to go to japan where they may be absorbing a dangerously high levels of radiation but the fukushima power station the battle to restore that trust again to the plant's crippled reactors it's believed that key to restarting the cooling system and of fighting a nuclear catastrophe these are the bennett now has more on this. some power actually has been restored to pa

time i think this is much more about european and western influence in the new new emerging countries of north africa and i think the west is trying to assert itself in libya and i am also suspicious that we might end up as a division of libya almost a partition into an eastern part by those that are currently ruling the roost in the western part led by gadhafi and the remains of his government this is a very sad very tragic situation. thank you all as i follow all the latest developments in libya on our twitter and facebook pages we've got her links to all of our videos and of course regular updates. it's going to get. a lot such as our attention to japan out there maybe absorbing a dangerously high levels of radiation but teams at the fukushima power station are continuing their battle to restore electricity to the plant's crippled reactors it's believed to be a plane restarting the cooling system and averting a nuclear catastrophe as i prepared has the latest some power actually has been restored to parts of the nuclear plants not the crucial areas cooling systems in the reactors and that's what they're aiming to get

i think this is much more about european and western influence in the new new and emerging countries of north africa and i think the west is trying to assert itself with libya and i am also suspicious that we might end up with a division of libya almost a partition into the eastern part led by those that are currently ruling the roost garcia in the western part led by gadhafi and the remains of his government this is a very sad. very tragic situation. comes about because of the lack of democracy because of the lack of accountability of duty it is not just to be able to also in egypt and to pursue. british opposition labor m.p. jeremy korb and thank you for speaking with us. the revolutionary mood has been spreading across the middle east and north africa for almost three months now syria is the latest country where people are marching towards their anger but for them it's about their freedom to speak out five people have reportedly been killed after security forces fired on hundreds of demonstrators in the southern city of daraa the crackdown was watched after multiple protests spread out the fighting a ban on marchers