therapeutic abortions then become a class issue, become a race issue. this effectively precludes all physicians of color. because most physicians of color don't have hospital privileges unless it is an open hospital, an interracial hospital. private hospitals overwhelmingly, a lot have restrictions on physicians of color. it also means because of cost, the fact that it is a hospital stay, a private physician, that the most typical recipients were nativeborn white women of need. that they have some ability to be able to afford this procedure and all of the care that went with it. and these women have some space to negotiate with their physician. once it moved from life to health, it became much more open to interpretation. at one point, excessive vomiting is considered an appropriate reason for a therapeutic abortion. or tiredness, suicidal concerns. it becomes this bigger animal that people can wrestle with. by the 1950's, especially by the 1960's, this flexibility is considered abuse. exploitation of this loophole leads to the control of these decision

some sort of therapeutic treatment to treat those who were sick. we don't have that option right now. the option we have right now are the public health measures of anding, tracing the contact treating them. for now, there is no vaccine so what we need to do is additional public health measures to end covid-19. we need to focus on the tracing contact because in those countries where the used social isolation, it has stopped the epidemic. we will keep testing and we need to be proactive to end this. host: yesterday, the white house released a blueprint when it comes to testing, giving states a large role in coming up with a plan of developing testing and even providing guidelines from the federal government. what do you think about that model? guest: i think it's positive. we use to ramp up testing and double it, that's a very good model. testing is important. that's how you know who is sick in the population. your previous caller was talking about the antibodies and immunity or herd immunity but choice in there is a the scientific community is not

some of the therapeutics that people are trying to evaluate are these particular therapeutics that actually block certain specific cytokines. for of them are used rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatologic diseases, inflammatory diseases. there are some people who want to test to see if these are efficacious. there are some reports from china that some of these might be efficacious. a small still -- a small scale study, mostly also not randomized and blinded. --se are the we are seeing more severe disease among people who have hypertension. drugs for most common hypertension, blood pressure agents, is something called an a ce inhibitor. is the name of a receptor that the vice -- that the virus also binds to. so there is potential commonality of this virus attaching to a certain receptor, and we have a medication that acts in a similar pathway. people are not sure that there is evidence that these ace inhibitors are either partly responsible or in the pathway of why we are seeing more severe infections of people who have hypertension. we are not sure yet. some of the early looks at the dat

when it comes to therapeutics, we are leaving no stone unturned in finding treatment for covid-19. we do not have any approved therapeutics for covid-19, but we are actively involved in the academic and commercial and private sector to find those. 72 trials of therapeutics are underway. 211 are in the planning stages -- 211 are in the planning stages. work continues in vaccines. one of which we have mentioned before. we have stood up the coronavirus treatment acceleration program. we are leaving no stone unturned. we are working around the clock to develop these therapeutics for the american people. >> a question about antibody testing. just a quick question. it is timely because just about an hour ago, a subcommittee released findings that the fda does not have any review of the antibody tests that are on the market share there are no guidelines to tell which one should be out there and there is no way to test their accuracy. they are quite worried these are junk test on the market because they were not reviewed before they were approved. >> what we have told manufacturers is that

another piece of that is that we have therapeutics for americans to take, medicines if they contract the disease. another piece of that is guidance from the cdc. the public institutions to businesses large and small about how to conduct themselves in a safe and responsible way. and testing is also a piece of that. and as the admiral has reflected, we are spending a great deal of time expanding testing today every single day there is more and more tests across the country but we're also working to scale testing that as we move into the summer and fall, we'll have the testing we need to do what these doctors call not diagnostic testing, which is to take a test of a person that has symptoms, but surveillance testing so we can identify people that may have had it and may be immune versus people also that we just need to know whether or not they were ever exposed or not exposed. how about one more quick question here if i can? i think he had one right here. or i'll go to you in the back. >> thank you, mr. vice president. in the next few weeks, the supreme court is set to rule on d.a.c.a.,

when it comes to therapeutics, we are leaving no stone unturned in finding treatments for covid—19.t we are actively involved to find those. 70 trials of therapeutics are under way in the united states. under fda oversight. 211 are in the planning stages so we expect to see more. this includes —— work continues on vaccines and two firms have announced the fda has authorised their support. finally in i’espoi‘ise authorised their support. finally in response to the president's request, we response to the president's request, we stood up to —— we are leaving no stone unturned and working around—the—clock to develop these therapeutics for the american people. thank you very much. just about an hour ago a committee release findings that the fda doesn't have any review of the antibody tests that are on the market. there are no guidelines. no telling which ones should be out there and there's no way to test their accuracy. they are quite worried that these are jump test on the market because they weren't reviewed before they were approved. is that true? under our policy, what we is that tr

but i understand something that they have really advanced therapeutics and therapeutical therapeutically arrived in london already. the london office has whatever they need. and we will see if we can be of help. we have contacted all of boris' doctors, and we will see what is going to take place. but they are ready to go. but when you get brought into intensive care, that gets very, very serious with this particular disease. so, the two companies are there. and with what they are talking about, and it is rather complex, and has had really incredible results. we are working with the fda and everybody else, but we are working with london with respect to boris johnson. across the country we are attacking the energy on all fronts including medical, scientific, social, logistical, and economic. we are pressing into action the full power of american government and american enterprise. and our military has been incredible. we have just sent 3,000 public health personnel that are now deployed in the new york area. and they will be over at the javits center. the great ship. and as you probably ha

birx when asked about heat and light as a therapeutic. cleverly pivoted saying fever is a typical response to infection and protected from individual and didn't acknowledge the direct question for obvious reasons. >> ed, let's talk about the ultraviolet light. we heard from people who receive shipments. keep them outside. sunlight willia kill it. we heard discussions about uv light and the benefits it could have. very different thing injecting the sunlight into you or getting the sunlight into your body. >> well, yes. sunlight can disinfect, but it is not the best disinfectant and it doesn't penetrate the body very well. it's really not a practical solution. there are artificially generated uv sources that are quite effective in room air disinfection. surface disinfection. this is not what the president was talking about. there's no way to use this on the body or in the body. >> all right. if the president were talking to you and said, hey, i do hear ultraviolet light works. we have phone sanitizers and nail salons use them. i don't know

has approved a therapeutic treatment for this virus either. that is really what makes this so different than other things that we deal with and make it so hard, and it is why we try very hard to keep the cases down, increase our testing capacity and contact tracing and all that sort of stuff, because we don't yet have that vaccine. >> have you certified from small business people or mid-size businesses saying i can't hold out? yes, i have filed for ppp, but the future just looks so bleak, i just can't hang? i know there is no point in getting my business up and going again? have you heard from them? have you had nil contact of contact -- any kind. contact with those type of business owners? >> the task forces we have, the commission that has 159 task forces under it, and that is every economic sector in the state, obviously we are getting reports from them, and some individuals have expressed that . we are trying to make sure people are aware of the array of things that are out there that could potentially help them. whether it is the ppp, the

the antibodies can donate blood for the convalescent plasma, which is probably one of the best therapeutics that show promise. >> and the lessons overseas. classes back in session for some schools in europe. what does it mean for our students here? this is a special edition of "the last word: life in the time of coronavirus." >> welcome to another night of "life in the time of coronavirus virus." we have come to a moment of growing restlessness in the united states. as some people begin to protest what they see as oppressive, unnecessary closures of businesses and schools and others are protesting what they see as inaction and a lack of straight talk by the administration. doctors, scientists, experts in public health, they all say the country cannot return to normal until we have adequate testing for the virus and treatment for the disease. we don't have either one, nor do we have the ultimate solution, a vaccine. but there are reasons for hope. tonight we're going to look at one attempt to develop a treatment. we're going to get the latest on when and how kids might return to school, and

and make therapeutics that show promise? we will continue to watch it as we assess changes. the ability for businesses, schools, and childcare facilities to support physical distancing, some of the key questions as we think about enhancing this includes have we worked with businesses to support physical distancing practices and introduced guidelines to provide health facts when employees or the general public and to the premises? these are opportunities to think about how are we shaping the physical environment, as we go about into these different places, from businesses to our school environment, how have we shaped it so we basically engineered in the opportunity to stay six feet apart? we can spend less time trying to avoid bumping into one another, trying to avoid potentially exposing one another to covid-19, and more time focusing on getting our work done and going about our daily business. also, do we have supplies and equipment to keep the workforce and customers -- these are areas we will explore as we are more establ

we talked about another indicator, therapeutics. i want to remind folks that california, like massachusetts, endowed,y, is well well resourced in therapeutics space. in california and outside california, california is the birth place of biotech, life science capacity second to none, about therapeutics, medical devices. san diego, bay area, we are blessed. the number of national health funded facilities in this state is a point of envy for many parts of the globe, not just across this country. as a consequence we are in advanced trials with partners in the private sector, working with our uc medical centers and other radical centers. -- medical centers. there is progress in this space. i will not promote a particular drug or trial, but as an in advanceddesivir trials, in partnership with gilead. thisch and others in space, we are making progress at least in understanding what is real and what is not in the therapeutic space. with points of consideration always cautious in that space. that is one of our other indicators that is import

and commercial and private sector to find those. 72 trials of therapeutics are underway in the united states under fda oversight and 211 are in planning stages. this includes convalescent plasma and antiviral therapies. work continues on vaccines and two firms have announced the fda has approved their trust to go forward. in response to task force request, we have an acceleration program interleaving no stone unturned and are working around-the-clock the clock to develop these therapeutics for the american people. just a quick question. about an hour ago, a subcommittee with oversight release findings that the fda doesn't have any review of the antibody tests on the market, there are no guidelines to tell which ones should be out there and there is no way to test their accuracy. they are quite worried these are just tests on the market because they were not reviewed before they were approved. is that true? dr. hahn: we provide flexibility. we have told manufacturers that in order to market in the u .s., they have to validate their test, tell us they have validated the test, and in the

and diagnostics, build up therapeutics and diagnostics, build up our capacity, and i am not sure it to spend all ourtime it is going to help us to spend all our time analysing what happened in january where there was a failure, clearly a lack of action, in fact probably president trump is complaining more about the lack of cooperation internationally in january than anything else. you want the world bank, the imf and the 620 all to play a much more prominent role in co—ordinating a massive international response, and it is a response that you have outlined that involves a n response that you have outlined that involves an awful lot of money in different forms, going to the who, going to economic assistance to the poorest countries as they are hit by the coronavirus. do you really believe that is going to happen, when even the rich nations are now looking at the most cataclysmic economic fallout which, even in britain itself, could cost 30% of economic output over the current economic output over the current economic quarter? do not feel able right now to consider a massive boost...

will we are notnormal -- going to give back to normal until we have a vaccine in some effector, therapeutic treatments, but we will not wait until you start to we open the economy and get businesses back open and get workers back to work. so, there is a process we will follow and this commission, the beisiana commission will instrumental in helping us to make sure we do that. i am going to apologize up front

and has been done for therapeutics, can into this protocol. it is an efficient way of looking at multiple vaccines. that's one example of how we will and are doing that moving and now. bob: in terms of the drugs on radar, we have been reading geez afgen and the antiviral -- do you see an expansion of trials on that drug in the weeks? dr. hahn: we have seen applications and we approved to go forward with a trial. we have been working with sponsors on the trials. when they come to us, we do not delay. science,o look at the make sure there's adequate people.ons for i expect to see more of that in the area. you step about when back a little bit and look at the drug legacy products out there. is there anything under consideration for approval that we are not talking about that you think will be important? dr. hahn: there are many. we are getting hundreds of applications and prioritizing those where we think the science best. we look at every application. yes, i do think that's the case. i am limited by confidential commercial information and i cann

therapeutics and also on vaccines. tremendous progress is being made on vaccines, and i must say on therapeutics. frankly, if i had my choice, give me the therapeutics right now, because that would help people right now. we have some things i think are not only working, but we have some incredible things that look like they could be an answer, but we will know soon, being tested. this includes therapies designed to attack the virus as well as others that would hinder its replication, reduce the rate of infection, control the immune response. it would transfer life-saving antibodies from the blood of recovered patients. one of the incredible things we have seen, and mike and i were talking about it before, is the fact that oftentimes somebody from the plague, from this horrible scourge, and they get better food as they recover, the first thing they say is i want to give my blood. doctors have told me it has happened so much. i want to give my blood. and they are doing that. tremendous things are happening. you will be s

there's over 20 compounds that look promising as therapeutic. some are highly tauted the data is not looking that good some are not talked about. for several months ahead. >> it's not going to work. -- >> people don't know about it yet, so we're not hoarding it. what do you think about hydroxychloroquine >> we really have to wait for the data to come in. we have seen why it looks good in the test tube and realized what makes it look good in the test tube doesn't map to the human model. that doesn't mean there's not some possibility there, but, you know, what's crazy is people latch on to remedies we'll have data and i believe some of them, you know, including recovered patient blood, body manufacturer, a few of the antivirals, some of them are likely to work >> in terms of testing, you say that's important in order to go back to business i know health care workers here in the new york area have been exposed but can't get tests. they may not have symptoms when do we get to the point where we have enough tests and can track this better? >> well, t

number for the ability to develop therapeutics to meet the demand. we feel this is an important place for california of all states in particular, to be engaged in this because there is so much innovation and advancements in our medical community here in california so we have a unique opportunity to collaborate and make sure these therapeutics continue to evolve. they are important especially in the absence ofget sick to re more quickly and also not to end up in our care delivery system and put more pressure on the care delivery system and this is an opportunity to save lives for individuals and make it safer for our community at large. some of the key questions and activities we will engage and include how we build a coalition of private, public and academic partners to accelerate the development of therapeutics and how we have identified potential therapeutic set have shown promise and we are on the path here and we will continue to do work here and we will continue to watch it as we assess changes. the ability for businesses, schools and childcare

. >> o'donnell: how soon could we have a therapeutic in the hands of our caregivers?>> well, i have talked with dr. fauci, and he feels good that within weeks to months we will have efficacy data on therapeutics, but i would actually push back just a little bit, norah. i don't think this epidemic is going to be ended by a miracle miracle drug or therapeutic. you're not going to treat your way out of this problem. you're not going to supply or ventilate your way out of this problem. the way we get out of this problem is by lowering demand. gt's by good old-fashioned public health. i don't want people to take their eyes off the fact that the most important thing is mitigation, and social distancing and good hygiene. >> o'donnell: dr. jerome adams, our nation's surgeon general. thank you, sir. >> thank you, norah. >> o'donnell: and there is still much more news ahead on tonight's "cbs evening news." how a simple blood test could be a key to help some people return to work. and later, being stuck at home doesn't have to be boring. nge family showing off their creativity d

said is that the scientific studies that i have seen point to the possibility that it has both therapeutic efficacy as well as possible prove fl pro prophylac efficacy. when you speak to doctors and nurses on the front lines ask how many of them are taking hydroxyas as a prophylactic in e war zone. this is a situation where this drug could save lives and i think there needs to be a debate and you're right that i'm not the arbiter of this, but there's a lot of doctors out there who are on one side and there's a lot of doctors on the other side. there's science going on. we are at war here, and what we're trying to do is make sure as few people die as possible, and i look at a study just this latest one, i read it, and from wuhan and there's a controlled group where 80% do well and only 50% don't. i mean, you could be a plumber and read that and come to the same conclusion, john. i don't know why you're so hard about this? would you take it if you got sick? >> would i take it if i got sick? >> knowing what you know now? >> i would listen to my doctor about whether or not i should take it. >>

anything we do, whether it's a treatment, a therapeutic or vaccine requires replication at scale.got to be able to do this for a lot of people. is convalescent plasma the kind of thing we can scale or does it depend on donors giving specific plasma that gets given to patients who need it to recover? >> well, you're absolutely right. you have to collect it from patients who have recovered and then reinfuse it. it's clearly a process that can be done at hospitals and it's not a process that can scale to hundreds of thousands or even millions of patients but it is a process that can be used for thousands of patients who are particularly sick if it works effectively. >> we'll take whatever hope we can get right now. in the second part of beer view wi -- interview with gibill gates he said what it's important to contract trace as a way to reopen the economy and what changes in our behavior will last beyond this period of stay-at-home orders. here is a little more from our interview. we happen to be sitting in that place are this debate is raging across this country with some governors

but, i understand something, that they have really advanced therapeutics and therapeutically, and theyin london already. the london office has whatever they need and we will see if we can be of help. we have contacted all of boris' doctors. we'll see what is going to take place, but they are ready to go. but, when you get brought into intensive care, that gets very serious with this particular disease. so, the two companies are there. with what they are talking about, and it is rather complex. it has had really incredible results. we are working with the fda and everybody else, but we are working with london in respect to boris johnson. across the country, we are attacking the enemy on all fronts, including medical, scientific, social, logistical and economic. we are pressing into action the full power of the american government and american enterprise, and our military has been incredible. we just sent 3000 public health personnel, now deployed in the new york area. they will be over at the javits ship.at as you probably have heard, and i was informed that governor cuomo has already t

we are making progress, at least an understanding of what is real and what is not in the therapeutic space. again, with points of consideration and always caution in that space. that is one of our other indicators that is important. today we will highlight the issues around business and schools and childcare centers. before i get to that, i want to mention that other indicator, that sixth indicator, and that is if we pull back and we modify our stay-at-home order to early, then we start to see an increase in surging cases, hospitalizations, and spread, we have to have the itto toacves ve the ability to fix it. that is a foundational indicator. in terms of our capacity, number six, is are promoting today in this roadmap for reopening. forgive me for being long- winded in that space but i wanted to contextualize the framework. six indicators. when those turned green, they move from red to yellow, it guides our decision-making and allows us to make determinations. dates don't, but data does. i will introduce this fifth indicator, around businesses. and around issues of our schools and c

we talked about indicator of therapeutics. i want to remind folks that california like massachusetts and new jersey, like a few states is well resourced the therapeutics space. i will remind people in for and outside of covenant that the state of california is the birthplace of biotech, our life science capacity is second to none, medical devices, san diego the bay area we are very blessed, the number of the national institutes of health funded facilities in this state is a point of nb for many other parts of the globe. not just across this country and as a cause once we are in advanced trials with our partners in the private sector working with our uc medical centers and other terms of capacity of understanding in i will not promote any particular drug or trial but as an example remdisivir and there's trials with gilead and other folks in the space, we are making progress and at least understanding what is real and what is not in the therapeutic space with again points of the consideration always cautioned in that space. that

because we don't have the therapeutics. we don't have vaccine. and don't even have the testing in place to be able to understand where we are in this epidemic curve. all the other bhairvegs ha behavior, hand washing and wearing masks.

an vice president of new technology discovery add ajax therapeutics. doctor degree is a biomedical jury intelligence stood received his undergraduate degree in computer science and phd in biology from cambridge university. doctor robert is founder, chairman and ceo, he is an accomplished surgeon, biomedical scientist and aviator. doctors is a graduate of columbia college and columbia university school of engineering and applied science. he also earned his md and earned his phd degrees from cornell university. doctor cynthia help pioneer the aging. she spent many years on the you cfs faculty from my molecular biologist and phd from mit of filmmaker and author of immortality inc. renegade science, and the quest to live forever. chip was one of the original employees at cnn and served as bureau chief in san francisco. ladies and gentlemen, please join me in welcoming doctor aubrey, doctor robert, doctor cynthia, and chip walter. the be joining me on stage shortly. [applause] >> tonight, we have the honor of specialists in the field but we only have about

this has not been a proven therapeutic.sicians would probably be reluctant to, if they had other choices, to use something that protected in such a marginally valuable way, but we don't have other choices. and these are desperate times. so i thought dr. fauci played it straight down the middle by the rules. >> our senior medical correspondent elizabeth cohen is also with us as well. elizabeth, dr. fauci saying this will be the new standard of care. explain what that means. >> right. so, they have been trying. they have been really grappling with how to get remdesivir -- i'm sorry, what treatment -- sorry, my phone is ringing. okay, turned it off. okay, now we're good. so, doctors have been really struggling with how do we treat these patients, other than what's called supportive care, which is keeping them hydrated and their blood pressure at the right level and those kinds of things. there's no treatment for covid. now he's saying we're going to consider this the standard treatment. in other words, everyone will get this d

that's another potentially promising therapeutic in this.the blood, the serum from people who have recovered from this disease and generate that and put it into sick patients they have seen that have some success as well. what do you think about the progress of the pace we have seen is it much better than you would have anticipated a month ago as you said, these are unprecedented times. >> reporter: the pace of drug and vaccine development that we've observed in this pandemic is anything faster than anything i've seen in the past ten plus years. i compared this to ebola that was happening in west africa and didn't come to the u.s. in any major way. they were using convalescent plasma there, too, and i would say the speed with which that got up and running is comparable with what we've seen before. and also the promise of that approach, it does seem like it is helping there is, of course, a limiting factor in you need plasma donations from recovering people one frustration is people who have had less severe disease, weren't in the hospital, h

recognized as a therapeutic for lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune diseases. it was originally an antimalaria drug. if you travel to the third world, it is entirely possible you have already taken this drug.ou early evidence suggested that it might be promising. physicians in the hardest hit countries, spain and italy, reported that it was their preferred treatment for the coronavirus. the president count of the drug is a promising lead. and that was it for hydroxychloroquine. from that moment on, precisely that moment, in the minds of partisan in our media establishment, hydroxychloroquine was purely a political issue. the drug was no longer a medicine, a therapy, it was the medical equivalent of vladimir putin. it was a cudgel they could swing in the air mindlessly to hit their ideological opponents in the hope of political game. they ignored evidence that it might be effective in some ways, they waited anxiously for evidence that it might not be. the other day they got it. several recent studies suggest that hydroxychloroquine is unlikely to help people who

made tremendous progress on therapeutics. i had a fantastic call today. i have asked two of the leading companies, these are brilliant aids, others,la, they have come with the solutions and have done incredible jobs and i have asked them to contact london immediately. they have offices in london. i had a talk with four of them today. they speak a language most people do not even understand. but i understand something, they have really advanced therapeutics, and they have arrived in london already. their london office has whatever -- weeed and we will see have contacted all of boris's doctors and we will see what is going to take place. they are ready to go. when you get brought into intensive care, that gets very serious. with this particular disease. there and withre what they are talking about and it is rather complex and has had really incredible results. we are working with the fda and everybody else but we are working with london with respect to boris johnson. across the country, we are tacking -- we are attacking the en

therapeutics, and they have arrived in london already. london office has whatever they need, we'll see if we can be of help, we have contacted all of boris 's doctors, we'll see, thy are ready to go, you get brought into intentive care that is -- intensive care that is very serious with this particular disease, two companies are there. and with what they are talking about, and it is rather compplex and had incredible results, we're working with the fda and everyone else. but we're working with london. with respect to boris johnson. across the country, we're attacking enemy on all fronts than collude medical, scientific social, logistical and economic. and our military has been incredible, we sent 3,000 public he'lhealth personnel in the newk area, they will be at javits center. at the great ship. and you probably have heard, and i was informed that governor cuomo already told you, announced he called me up, asked whether or not it would be possible to use the ship with respect to fighting the virus. and we had not had that. in min. but we

tremendous progress is being made on vaccines and i must say on therapeutics.had my choice, give me the therapeutics right now, because that would help people right now. and we have some things that i think are working — not only working, but we have some incredible things that look like they could be an answer. but we will know soon. being tested, working out right now. this includes their therapies designed to attack the virus, as well as others that would hinder its replication, reduce the risk of infection, controlled the immune response, or transfer life—saving antibodies from the blood of recovered patients. and one of the incredible things that we've seen, and mike and i were talking about it before, is the fact often time someone before, is the fact often time someone gets before, is the fact often time someone gets very before, is the fact often time someone gets very ill from the plague, from this horrible scorch, and they get better and they recover. the first thing they say is they want to give their blood. doctors tell me it's happened so much. "i

. >> well, so let's move on to therapeutics, treatments, vaines. i want to point you to something dr. anthony fauci said just this week. let's take a look. >> i don't think that you're ing to have to say that the country cannot get back to a real degree of cy and effective vaccine.ave a safe >> d gottlieb, is it the community that, as you've said, our best near-term hope is a therapeutic drug if not a vaccine? >> a vaccine's our best long-term hope? i think if you want to be conservative, you have to figure that a vaccine's a couple years away. the platforms being used to develop the vaccinesre highly novel. we've never developed a vaccine against a coronavirus, so to think that we' going to do that in some super-accelerated the entire populatth acinate highly novel vaccine against a highly novel pathogen, i think need to budget two years, and we need to understand what it looks like living with this pathogen for two years. there is a potential that you can have a drug by the fall of more than one drug. i think the subs of medicinesul that both be

have the global funding of the search for the vaccine, you've gotta have the global funding of therapeuticsyou want to build up capacity to deal with these issues around the world, and you have got to prevent a second round, so it is our duty to try to persuade the americans that, if you like, this solidarity is actually in the self—interest, and i do believe that president trump realised that when he signed up to the g20 declaration on the 26th of march, which actually said all these things — that he wanted to strengthen the who, that he wanted to give it more resources for preparedness and for dealing with the problems of developing countries, the search for a vaccine and everything. president trump actually signed up to that on the 26th of march, and he should be held to that by his g20 colleagues. let me ask you bluntly — do you see president donald trump as the biggest obstacle to ramping up international cooperation to fight coronavirus right now? what i see is our failure to come together. look, i had to deal with the 2009 financial crisis and what i learned from that is it wasn't en

searching with a global funding for the vaccine and for the cure, another group that's looking at therapeuticsanother looking at diagnostics, another looking at what we can do to help the poorest countries. now, i don't actually think america's going to pull out of help in these areas. i think this is domestic politics coming through into international actions. but i do think that when we start looking at pledging on health, we can go around the world, you'll start with the european union, britain, norway, then japan, then canada, then korea, then africa pressing for it, and i do think that we will get the funds in that are necessary over the next few weeks, and i do think it's a test — it's a test of whether, in our generation's rendezvous with destiny, we're not going be condemned to the condescension of posterity by failing to act. so i am discouraged, of course, but i am not giving up and i do think we will get the international cooperation we need, but the sooner — the sooner, the better. let me quote you the world—renowned development expert professor ian goldin who said this — "stopping