because the united states would like to see some sort of joint statement, joint sentiment between theressed united states and europe, to put some international pressure on the iranian regime, but it has not happened so far. instead, we have seen mild statements from the europeans which do not blame anyone. and they: all sides to refrain from violence. equivalency is any between the iranian security forces in one hand and the people protesting on the other areas why do we see that? i think there are a few reasons and those reactions are milder than the european reactions in 2009. after the rigged election. one of my colleagues is writing a piece about this. erica who is sitting behind you, here. i think there are number of possible reasons. the first is of course, the jcpoa itself and the economic cooperation that patrick was talking about between europe and iran. i think the europeans bristle at the idea that this is what determines their policy actions toward iran and if we had a european appear they would say -- and a european up here, they would say no, that is not fair. the second facto