thomas insel, director of the national institute of mental health at the n.i.h.. nora v cow, director volokow, and cornelia bargmann, a professor at rockefeller university. and my cost host is dr. eric kandel, a nobel laureate, a professor at columbia university and a howard hughes medical investigat. we begin our program wh the question what other similities and differences of various brain disorders. >> in this issue we're going to consider various various brain disorders and as you know the brain is theost complicated o gahn in the body and susceptible to diseases than any other organ and we'll begin by considering psychiatric, addictive and neurological disorders which encompasses all brain disorders and we'll ask the question what are the similarities and differences between them. now, this is an issue that has been discussed for decades and thinking about it can be divided in three phases. the first phase which is called the moral face. continued until around 1800 when many physicians thought that only neurological diseases are based in the brain that psychi

thomas insel, director of the national institute of mental health at the n.i.h.. nora v cow, director volokow, and cornelia bargmann,are the sd differences between them. now, this is an issue that has been discussed for decades and thinking about it can be divided in three phases. the first phase which is called the moral face. continued until around 1800 when many physician he changed things dramatically. he asserted ver strongly that psychiatric diseases and addictive diseases are medical disorders. they're not weakness of character. and that they need to be treated in a humane fashion. he removed the chains of ople in the great paris psychiatric hospital and he began to get patients to talk to him about their problems and interact with each other, almost the beginning of psychotherapy and group therapy. and he had the notion that psychiatry is a subspecialty of medicine, these are all medical disorders and he had the far sight to see these are a genetic predisposition to people who are under social stress. this had an amazing impact on the field. the next phase