john marshall is afraid if he actually orders thomas jefferson to appoint this guy, william marbury to this position -- that is what marbury is all about. he says, i want you to order james madison, jefferson's wing man, secretary of state, i want you to order madison, to give him this piece of paper saying he is a judge. remember, adams was trying to pack the judiciary on with all of these federalist types. marshall is afraid if he does that, he's going to be impeached and maybe convicted. that is actually only the second worst scenario. the best scenario is he would be ignored and made a fool of. second best he will be impeached. i will tell you why he thinks that. the other possible scenario -- remember, we have an advantage. we know how history turns out. he doesn't. thomas jefferson is in france. he says things about the french revolution. the tree of liberty must be watered by the blood of tyrants. he does not know that this guy is not going to be a hugo chavez type. jefferson does a lot of, you know, bat crazy stuff -- c-span is here. why is he thinking he might be? he doesn't.

thomas jefferson, who had held state and national office. it had not been known until the 1790's that jefferson, the author of the acquisition of independence, precisely because of these their running mates were not people either the two leading candidates would have necessarily chosen. they were chosen for strategic reasons not because of any friendship or because of admiration. jefferson chose aaron burr who was the only candidate of all of read about the idea of election hearing. tickets and getting into the dirt of policy. we of course think of him today very much a maverick. that was not entirely apparent at the time. the fact is, as we will see, he was a crucial figure securing the all-important state of new york for the republicans. hinckley it was presidential candidate three times and probably the least known of all of the names. him is aspect to entirely british educated. he has an elite british education and was a marvelous example of how pro-british the federalists were. when he went to school, he was easily the equal, none better

. >> next, a discussion 0 on thomas jefferson with authors annette gordon-reed and peter onuf. this is an hour. >> welcome to the free library of philadelphia. i'm representative jim roebuck, and i'm certainly very happy to be here this evening. i'm native philadelphian, i group up in philadelphia, graduated from central high school. but my particular -- [applause] -- my particular focus tonight is on the fact that i went to first college at virginia union university in richmond, from which i received a history degree of honors, and then i did my masters and ph.d at the university of virginia in charlottesville. so i'm a wahoo as they say. subsequent to that, i taught history at drexel university for more years than i like to think about. hitting all the right points here. i worked briefly in the mayor's office as legislative assistant to mayor wilson. and i am chair of the house education committee. the free library is dedicated to advancing hit arrears, guiding learning and inspiring curious it. from it's award-winning author event series to it's thought-provoking programs li

george washington, eliza hamilton, thomas jefferson were dreamers. i stand on this stage tonight and in this theater surrounded by dreamers. dreamers like lin-manuel who had a big idea and worked tireilessly over six years to bring it to life. dreamers like tommy and andy and alex and the extraordinary company of "hamilton" who have showed up at our theater almost every single day for the last year and a half to share their vision of america. to the most supportive, appreciative and diverse audience i've ever witnessed, "hamilton," an american musical embodies the best values, the best impulses that make our nation a beacon to the world.

insight and intellectual rigor to have produced a powerful and lasting portrait of the mind of thomas jefferson purposes any central and billion blood book by to the nation's foremost scholars that like its protagonist into our we're so pleased to have them with this year this evening please join me to welcome our authors. [applause] >> it is wonderful to be here in one of my very best friends and we would just like to start by talking about our friendship the secret is i would not have done this book if not for her to invite me and spend time with her. i think she could make a better argument. >> the when the book began the etf high say that it began some time that the end of the 1990's when i had written a manuscript about jefferson and sally having is as a controversy looking at the ways historians had treated the story, and i wanted to find people who i thought would be skeptical of this story because it think it is always better to have those what you do wrong as those that will just agree with every you say. >> i'll let her down. [laughter] i called him the peseta have a manuscript i call

said because i knew thomas jefferson. reagan always used humor purposefully. and especially when it came to the soviet union or calling out graphically the evil empire but also in a positive sense. so you actually felt, believe it or not, that reagan did not thomas jefferson. because he was actually counseling with them. in 96% of his speeches he referred to the prophets, the patriots, and he made their speeches glisten. he was a bridge builder. he was building bridges to people who had gone on before. so he made you feel as if he was right there with the founders and the founders were people that by and large regardless of whatever side of the aisle that you had to give credit to the founders and as a result you gave credit to reagan. so reagan was hearkening back to the founding principles, to the constitution. he felt that it wasn't about him. it was never about him. and those eight years as said about reagan, it was not about reagan, it was about america. and i would like to say that there was a big brand on his foreh

thomas jefferson said i like to dream of the future better than the history of the past. -- you say its impossible. if i should agree with you on this, i would still say at least let us try the experiment. let the experiment continue. [applause] ♪ air and spacenian museum opened 40 years ago. realcan history tvs america is showing a series of nasa films. , from 1979. planet mars documents the search to a understand our earthlike planet. and the viking mission that .anded to crash ♪

thomas jefferson said -- i like to dream of the future. better than the history of the past.did his friendly rival, john adams, who wrote of his dream -- to see rising in america and emperor of liberty and a process that you 200 or 300 million free without one noble or one king among them. you say it, it is impossible. if i should agree with you on this, i would still say let us try the experiment. only add -- let the experiment continue. thank you. [applause growt] ♪ >> the smithsonian air and space museum opened 40 years ago. leading up the anniversary, real america is showing a series of massive films. marsxt, from 1979, "planet ." this film documents the search to understand our solar system positive most earthlike planet. it includes an overview of the mariner flyby of the red planet from 19 six four and 1971 and the viking mission that crashed on the surface in 1970 x.

adams supporters got wind of the plot and scattered so many second votes away from thomas that jefferson had uniform support -- thomas pinckney that jefferson became vice president even though every elector noting for -- voting for him had voted for him to become president. clearly the system was not working as either the framers or the emerging parties intended. the vice presidency lay at the heart of the problem. for one, the vice president and president were true rivals. jefferson spent his tenure in office undermining the administration from his post as providing officer of the senate. they were talking about the vice president differing, it never happened more than during those four years. with the original electoral vote process already strained almost to the breaking point, the election of 1800 added the last straw that brought down the old system, and the resulting adoption of the 12th amendment. that fundamentally changed the vice presidency from an independent office to a partisan accessory to the presidency. the popular election in 1800, which featured an unprecedentedly bitte

>> rose: rapper daveed diggs plays thomas jefferson. in paris meeting lots of different ♪ ladies. i guess i basically missed the ♪ late '80s. >> hamilton: ♪ the bullets out your gun. ♪ the bullets out your gun. >> rose: the show reflects miranda's broad musical taste, but hip hop and rap define it. your music is hip hop. your music is rap. >> lin-manuel miranda: yes. and i also believe that form is uniquely suited to tell hamilton's story. because it has more words per measure than any other musical genre. it has rhythm and it has density. and if hamilton had anything in his writings, it was this density. >> angelica schyuler: ♪ i'm a girl in a world in which ♪ my only job is to marry rich ♪ my father has no sons, so i'm the one who has to social climb ♪ for one, so i'm the oldest and the wittiest ♪ and the gossip in new york city is insidious... >> rose: miranda wrote this for hamilton's sister-in-law, angelica schyuler, played by renee-elise goldsberry. >> schyuler: and we just happen to be in the greatest city in the world! >> rose:

in our history, and relied heavily on sheer campaigns -- smear campaigns against ehrenberg, thomas jefferson, and john adams. mr. a shaughnessy is the director of studies at the jefferson study at monticello. this event is one hour. >> and now, let me turn to why you are here this evening, which is not to discuss the 1968 thetion or gas crisis of 1970's, but rather the 1800 election with thomas jefferson, and to hear from a man who has been arguably one of the leading scholars of that most fascinating president

johnattle goes back to adams and thomas jefferson. they started whenever he came through town. it haso it the way always been done. jefferson said we need a revolution every 20 years. he saw changes a good ring. two fundamental worldviews. thomas payne eventually supported the american revolution. he spent two weeks at his house. he got into this too-weeklong battle. wrote an entire book, "the rights of man," as a rebuttal. here is the modern english version. a ruling class and everybody else. manays it does no harm if a is servile as a candle maker. he iss violence if allowed to participate in the government. way, is the same kind of thinking that has animated laws across the united states. suppress the vote. john adams wanted to use that with people of lower means. we do not want the rabble participating. kirk basically predicted the american middle class was growing. it is something the world had never seen before. if he keeps going like this and this happens for another couple of decades, you are going to see people who are going to have this leisure time and they are going

ago, thomas jefferson who would later become the third u.s. president, was -- had been trying to get the right fit from vietnam. and he wrote at that point in time, this has a reputation of being the most productive. and more than 100 years ago, back in 1911, 1912, ho chi minh to find ways for the liberation of his country of vietnam, at that time under french rule. and as early as 1941, during world war ii, the vietnamese people stood by the sides of the allies. and by promises made by the .llies in september 1945, vietnam got independence in the french declaration the new of independence included the ideals of jefferson. "all men have been created equal. we have the right to life, to be happiness." eve between 1945 and 1946, president ho chi minh wrote several letters to president truman. he was in full cooperation with the u.s., however the relationship was missed 70 years ago. was painful for everyone. for us in vietnam, we were forced to defend our freedom and national dependence. we had on told sufferings -- u ntold sufferings, at least

said because i knew thomas jefferson. reagan always used. and calling out graphically, the evil empire, but also in a positive sense. and the prophets, the patriots, and speeches glisson, and building bridges to people who had gone before. and he was with the founders and they were by and large regardless your side of the aisle, you had to give cdit to the founders and as a result you gave credit to reagan, so reagan was harkening back to the founding principles of the constitution and he felt it wasn't about him. it was never about him and in those eight years as was said about reagan was not about reagan, it was about america and i like to say there is a big brand on his 4 head that said made in america, he cared more about america than he cared about himself and this was brought out not only in his writings and speeches the conversation and remember the plaque, the gift from queen victoria to the american people which by the way he never would have pictured putting his feet up on the president we have had the past 71/2

the capital thomas jefferson also constructed. and you guys have already learned about that. they did not want the confederate capital destroyed. these exceptions follow hard upon the orders that were given by president lincoln. in the spring of 1864 lincoln issued general orders 100. this is known commonly today as lieber's code. it was compiled by a german immigrant to the united states. he taught at the university of south carolina. he didn't like the south. he hated the idea of the confederacy and left the south. considered a lot of different things about the law, much of our international law is based on what he wrote during the american civil war. among these things as prohibitions against destroying any kind of art, classical buildings. the words are classical works of art, libraries, scientific collections, precious -- mustnts, must be can be preserved. that is article 35 of his code. what you have in the immediate four years, destruction of military property, destruction of the economy of the south. infrastructurel of the economy of the south. at the same time, you h

he is severely criticized for this, and then thomas jefferson writes a letter that becomes public in which jefferson accuses washington of having his republican sense shorn by the harlot england, in other words, he has given up his own republican values. then washington's former ambassador to france, james munro, we will touch on this more in october -- when jefferson's help in blessing writes a skilled book attacking washington's foreign policy. washington usually doesn't make comments on writing, in this, he scribbles -- another non-quote -- but he is really upset at what he says as adams puts it, uncharacteristically angry, sarcastic, and the contemptuous tone of his comments regarding munroe's charges, reveals how great and personal and emotional state washington had in the conduct of american foreign policy. washington responds viscerally and really sees his opponents not simply as wrong but really as treasonous in their attitude, dangerous in their views. from washington's perspective, it looks like the french government is controlling the administration or trying to control the

nearly 230 years ago thomas jefferson, one of the drafters of the u.s. declaration of independence, and would later become the third u.s. president, had been trying to get the right seed from vietnam to grow in his home town in the state of virginia propp and he wrote at that point in time "this dry rice from vietnam has the reputation of being the whitest to the eye, best flavor to the taste, and more productive." and more than 100 years ago, back in 1911, 1912, president ho chi minh came to boston, the cradle of american revolution, of independence, to find ways for the liberation of his country, vietnam. at that point in time under the french rule. and as early as 1941 during world war ii the vietnamese people stood -- and extended struggle by the national patriotism and by the promises made by the allies at yalta, san francisco, and potsdam conferences. and in september 1945 vietnam got independence from the french colonial and the new vietnam declaration of independence included the ideals of jefferson, and i quote. all men are created equal. the cr

george washington, eliza hamilton, thomas jefferson were dreamers. on this stage tonight and in this theater surrounded by dreamers. dreamers like lin-manuel who had a big idea and worked tireilessly over six years to bring it to life. dreamers like tommy and andy and alex and the extraordinary company of "hamilton" who have showed up at our theater almost every single day for the last year and a half to share their vision of america. to the most supportive, appreciative and diverse audience i've ever witnessed, "hamilton," an american musical embodies the best values, the best impulses that make our nation a beacon to the world. inclusiveness, generosity, ingenuity, and the will to work hard to make our dreams come true. look around, look around, how lucky we are to be alive right now! (cheers and applause) thank you. >> ladies and gentlemen, what an incredible night. and here to sing us out, what other way could we end it than right here in the greatest city in the world, the 11-time tony winning cast of hamilton! (cheers and applause) >> summer in

in 1800, thomas jefferson and aaron birth were running together with the understanding that thomas jeffersonas the presidential candidate and aaron burr was the vice presidential candidate. but they ended up in a tie. although jefferson's votes were for president, it resulted in a tie and it took the house of representatives 36 ballots to break the tie. that, afraid federalist future could bargain with whoever was jefferson's running the to make a deal with him and thereby elect jefferson's vice presidential running mate. so, they arranged to have the constitution amended and an act the 12th amendment to the constitution which separated the election of president and vice president so that electors would vote not twice for president, but once or president and once for vice president. change eliminated the original reason to have the vice presidency and the discussions over the 12th amendment, some people said we should get rid of the vice presidency now. but they decided it was simpler to keep it, so it continued. it continued in tire as a legislative office. the vice president's soul respons

it was first introduced to the united states by quaker colonists, and thomas jefferson was known to be a leg lar either of ice-cream like rick williams. >> i'll have a scoop. or two. more ahead in our next half hour of "action news" at noon. >>> the playboy mention sells to someone that can't kick out hugh hefner. you scratch my back, i'll scratch yours. you know what it means. so does pat toomey. toomey got rich working on wall street. then he got elected and kept working, for wall street. voting to let banks continue their risky practices. and supporting huge tax breaks for millionaires, but higher taxes on working families. no wonder he's gotten millions from wall street. pat toomey. right for wall street. wrong for pennsylvania. senate majority pac is responsible for the content of this advertising. >>> "action news" at 12:30 continues. >>> hello again, here are the stories we are following for you on "action news" at 12:30. >>> prosecutors say that chaka fattah used charitable and federal funding to pay back a loan but the congressman says he did nothing wrong. >>> voters in new j

joyce tian, a senior at thomas jefferson high school in fairfax is on the way to 48th international chemistry july 23rd. i can't imagine what they do in the world chemistry olympiaolym. i know she's super smart and we wish her the best. >> lots going on there. >>> right now at 5:00 a.m., metro just opened many experience a new round of safetrack work. >> a number of reporters and traffic experts to make sure you get to work on time. >> i'm aaron gilchrist. >> i'm eun yang. back to 90 degrees for us. >> chuck bell here with our weather headlines. >> inching our way into the summer heat and humidity over the last couple of weeks. today will be noticeably warm back up into the 90s with plenty of sunshine for today. still tracking a chance for thunderstorms coming our way tomorrow. looks like best chance for the rain comes up on thursday. as far as temperatures out the door, 71 at the national mall. 64 in leesburg. 59 in frederick, maryland. 57 in manassas and culpeper. not too much in the way of humidity. poor air quality. code orange for today. limit strenuous outdoor activity. afternoon highs

he was apprehended in a relatively nearby subdivision called thomas jefferson place townhouses at 5:45 this morning. stephen: but while n custody en route from the sheriff's office to the jail, sumter attempted to get away and allegedly assaulted another deputy. so now the 18-year-old who allegedly tried to break in the townhouse is behind bars facing a slew of charges, including the attempted murder of a sheriff's deputy and assault. stephen tschida, abc7 news. maureen: a teacher is arrested accused of taking inappropriate pictures of female students without their knowledge. 38-year-old todd scriber was teaching at bethesda-chevy chase high school last october when a student says she noticed him holding a cell phone beneath her skirt. an investigation began a he no longer works for montgomery county schools and he is charged with six counts of sexual abuse of a minor. leon: overseas now to a developing story out of tel aviv, israel, where police say three people are dead and at least five others were injured when two gunmen opened fire. reports say there were shootings in two differen

. >>> and jefferson, thomas jefferson university hospital celebrates a transplant milestone with a reunion of participants. >>> a windy relative cool day. 77 the high. but real heat that's developing across the plains. we'll talk into this over the weekend and another round of strong storms are possible. awful -- all of the details in the forecast. >>> the phillies with the first overall pick in the major league draft and ducis rodgers with the story of the young m at perdue, we take some unexpected extra steps to raise healthy chickens with no antibiotics ever. like putting oregano in their water. it has natural antioxidants that keep our chickens healthy. and we don't have to use antibiotics in their diet. more like orega-yes, am i right? oregano, just one more way we bring you chickens raised with no antibiotics ever. it's not the easy way. it's the perdue way. >> vice-president joe biden has written an open letter to the woman sexually assaulted by the former stanford swimmer, brock turner. he said i don't know your name but your words are forever seared on my soul. this is in response

nearly 40 years after the first sunsteinreleased, cass themes fromer technology to thomas jefferson.written about it in his new book " the world according to star wars." he joined me a short time ago. you are one of the top legal minds in america. how did you write a book about star wars? cass: if you told me a year ago i would write a book about star wars, i would not believe you. it would have been more likely i would have become a ballet dancer. my five-year-old toy got obsessed with star wars. his obsession with star wars got me thinking how did these movies come about? why does it appeal to five years old? why is it the saga of our time? why are people in denmark, the thailand focused on star wars? when i asked those questions, i was hooked. jane: use a there are 13 different ways to look at star wars, from feminism to constitutional law. you could say that about lord of the rings or harry potter. what makes star wars special? cass: it draws on myths and religions of multiple kinds. george lucas, the maker of the basic idea of star wars, is self-conscious about this. you can see

johnattle goes back to adams and thomas jefferson. they started whenever he came through town. aso it the way always been done. jefferson said we need a revolution every 20 years. he saw changes a good ring. two fundamental worldviews. thomas payne eventually supported the american revolution. he spent two weeks at his house. he got into this too-weeklong battle. wrote an entire book, "the rights of man," as a rebuttal. here is the modern english version. a ruling class and everybody else. manays it does no harm if a is servile as a candle maker. he iss violence if allowed to participate in the government. way, is the same kind of thinking that has animated laws across the united states. suppress the vote. john adams wanted to use that with people of lower means. we do not want the rabble participating. kirk basically predicted the american middle class was growing. it is something the world had never seen before. if he keeps going like this and this happens for another couple of decades, you are going to see people who are going to have this leisure time and they are going to c

work ready philadelphia hosted an orientation today at thomas jefferson university.he program will help teenagers develop a career path by working with local businesses. >>> cathedral kitchen in camden got extra help from members of the 6abc sales department today. they volunteered their time and prepared lunches. the outreach organization is the largest emergency food provider in the city of camden. one fifth of all the fresh water in the world flows into one incredible experience you can't find anywhere else. and that's not the only thing you can only find in new york state. ♪ ♪ you can find it all only in new york. new york. it's all here. it's only here. plan your summer vacation at iloveny.com >> big news for a former flyers star and here's jaime apody. >> good things come to those who waiter. eric lindros waited a long time but his long wait for the hall of fame is over. it took six years to finally the flyers great will be inducted into the hockey full of fame. he has 865 points and only 760 career games his career cut short due to injuries mainly concussion.

. >>> and jefferson, thomas jefferson university hospital celebrates a transplant milestone with a reunionf participants. >>> a windy relative cool day. 77 the high. but real heat that's developing across the plains. we'll talk into this over the weekend and another round of strong storms are possible. awful -- all of the details in the forecast. >>> the phillies with the first overall pick in the major league draft and ducis rodgers with the story of the young man when "action news" continues tonight. >> vice-president joe biden has written an open letter to the woman sexually assaulted by the former stanford swimmer, brock turner. he said i don't know your name but your words are forever seared on my soul. this is in response to her open letter describing the attack. contrary to turner's claim he had never used drugs or alcohol before college, a sentencing report obtained by abc news contains texts and photos from his phone showing that he indeed had. >>> 23-year-old devonte sanford from detroit getting his first taste of freedom. nine years in prison nor crimes he didn't commit. just 14

george washington, eliza hamilton, thomas jefferson were dreamers.this stage tonight and in this theater surrounded by dreamers. dreamers like lin-manuel who had a big idea and worked tireilessly over six years to bring it to life. dreamers like tommy and andy and alex and the extraordinary company of "hamilton" who have showed up at our theater almost every single day for the last year and a half to share their vision of america. to the most supportive, appreciative and diverse audience i've ever witnessed, "hamilton," an american musical embodies the best values, the best impulses that make our nation a beacon to the world. inclusiveness, generosity, ingenuity, and the will to work true. look around, look around, how lucky we are to be alive right now! (cheers and applause) thank you. >> ladies and gentlemen, what an incredible night. and here to sing us out, what other way could we end it than right here in the greatest city in the world, the 11-time tony winning cast of hamilton! (cheers and applause) >> summer in the city, some like it pretty. ♪

insight and intellectual rigor to have produced a powerful and lasting portrait of the mind of thomas jefferson purposes any central and billion blood book by to the nation's foremost scholars that like its protagonist into our we're so pleased to have them with this year this evening please join me to welcome our authors.

next, andrew of shaughnessy stores the election of 1800 and thomas jefferson's peaceful revolution. he argues that the election was one of the most toxic in our history and that it relied heavily on smear campaigns against candidates john adams, thomas jefferson, and aaron for. -- ehrenberg.

thomas jefferson. and, of course, george washington -- or, as his friends called him, "george w." [laughter] [applause] george w. bush: i am proud to by my side.eney [applause] george w. bush: he is a man of integrity and sound judgment, who has proven that public service can be noble service. america will be proud to have a leader of such character to succeed al gore as vice president of the united states. [applause] bush: i'm grateful for senator john mccain. i appreciate very much i his speech tonight's ago, i appreciate his friendship, i appreciate the spirit for america. and i want to thank the other candidates who sought this nomination. their convictions have strengthened our party. [applause] george w. bush: i am especially grateful tonight to my family. no matter what else i do in life, asking laura to marry me was the best decision i ever made. [applause] george w. bush: to our daughters, barbara and jenna, we love you, we're proud of you, and as you head off to college this fall -- don't stay out too late, and e-mail your old dad once in a while, will you? and mother, e

. >> next, a discussion 0 on thomas jefferson with authors annette gordon-reed and peter onuf. this is an hour. >> welcome to the free library of philadelphia. i'm representative jim roebuck, and i'm certainly very happy to be here this evening. i'm native philadelphian, i group up in philadelphia, graduated from central high school. but my particular -- [applause] -- my particular focus tonight is on the fact that i went to first college at virginia union university in richmond, from which i received a history degree of honors, and then i did my masters and ph.d at the university of virginia in charlottesville. so i'm a wahoo as they.

you have seen presidents on television, they walk down that famous covered walkway, an idea of thomas jefferson, walk down the famous colonnade into the oval office. its location in the corner of the west wing, that was roosevelt because he simply needed to access it better with his wheelchair. good question. >> president obama, previous presidents who would hold monthly meetings, press conferences, i don't get that with president obama. i know he speaks at crises and whatever but he doesn't seem to be the communicator that other presidents were. can you make a comment about that? >> in terms of the number've interviews -- >> it was like a weekly thing with previous presidents, but he doesn't really open himself up to the reporters in the news on a regular basis. >> i've ???ed that. >> okay. >> after eight-year-old -- the whole landscape has changed and the white house -- this is nothing new. presidents want to try to control their open message, but technology has gotten to the point where presidents, i think,ed in journalists less, as i mentioned before. you can -- the president has 70 million

thomas jefferson. and, of course, george washington -- or, as his friends called him, "george w." [laughter] [applause] governor bush: i am proud to have dick cheney by my side. [cheers] [applause] governor bush: he is a man of integrity and sound judgment, who has proven that public service can be noble service. america will be proud to have a leader of such character to succeed al gore as vice president of the united states. [cheers] [applause] i appreciate very much his -- governor bush: i'm grateful for senator john mccain. i appreciate very much his speech two nightss ago, i appreciate his friendship, i appreciate the spirit for america. and i want to thank the other candidates who sought this nomination. their convictions have strengthened our party. [applause] governor bush: i am especially grateful tonight to my family. no matter what else i do in my life, asking laura to marry me was the best decision i ever made. [cheers] [applause] governor bush: and to our daughters, barbara and jenna, we love you, we're proud of you, and as you head off to college this fall -- don't s

act of 1790 was signed by washington as president, john adams as president of the senate, and thomas jefferson as secretary of state. it limited the privilege of naturalization to free white persons. a policy that remained in effect in one way or the other until 1952. 1922 a litigant appeared in the supreme court with a nonwhite litigant with a pretty good argument as the law was drafted there was a loophole that may be allowed him to naturalize. a certain category of people of color could become naturalized citizens. the court rejected the argument based on a strong policy of racial restriction. called theus court white naturalization policy a role in force from the beginning of the government. a part of our history as well as the law. of theto the structure national policy by a century of legislative acts and judicial decisions. as a question of interpreting the intent of congress the court was clearly right. the policy of chinese exclusion began in 1882 and was extended to other asian racial groups over time. , jewish immigrants, catholic immigrants were discouraged, not explicitly by race

bookish, became interested in all kinds of things, if the stories are to be believed, he read thomas jefferson by the time he was 11 and there's no doubt that there was a certain genius to this very, very unusual young man in plymouth. when he came back from military experience, he ended up getting graduate degree, university of st. andrews, earned that 1952, came back in 1953 and strangely enough million copy-best seller. the book called the conservative mind which the timing was just right. it hit the market from a chicago publisher on may 11th, 1953, ended up going through seven editions over lifetime. they might be conservative to some degree, libertarians to another degree. there are a whole number of voices that i think kirk's book allowed -- allowed something, some kind of forum for all of the voices to be able to speak right at the world war ii, right at the korean war, hi becomes very important. specially we wouldn't have a gold water movement without kirk. we also wouldn't have had a reagan movement without kirk. he did represent that strain of conservatism. >> he helps conservative

long before george washington leads an army or thomas jefferson writes of independence, sam adams unitesand takes on the british empire. even more than a founding father, adams is the architect of the revolution. and it is his fight for the natural rights of men that makes america possible. >> gentleman, i propose that we establish an association for the purpose of resisting these attacks to our rights. >> here, here! >> the natural liberty of man is to be free from any superior power on earth, not be under the will or the legislative authority of man, but only to have the loss of nature for his rule. >> along with hancock and his cousin john sam's inner circle includes silversmith and master organizer paul revere and an often-overlooked hero -- dr. joseph warren. >> and defending those same rights as british citizens against the tyranny of crown, by force if necessary. >> by force? is there some patriot army that you're keeping from us, dr. warren? [ men shouting ] >> outside in the streets, the city celebrates guy fawkes day. >> guy fawkes day goes back to when guy fawkes planned to bl

thomas jefferson, alexander hamilton walking around, hey mr. hamilton, visit hit broadway show, we have colleges named after you, w city over here. and they would say to each and every one of you as theyey walk around, you know, that big highway there were cameras all and post. one of those cameras for? zero, for speeders and criminals. prevent crime. wait a minute.g abou the government has you under constant surveillance something about the 4th amendment.ha that is the way you have today? i don't think there would be so happy about it. what only the elites actually read books in 1776 and 87. here we are at the book festival. everybody reads books. i think they would approve that omicron is a ship reading. >> yes. they would appreciate it. the title of the book, we the people. it almost makes me want to cry. it's so simple, so inspiring, such a beacon beyond our shores, but to the world in terms of the ideal of governments, of how we should treat each other and how we should organize ourselves as people, and yetand they did not recognize blacks

in the early 1800s, thomas jefferson referred to his political coalition as the democratic republicans or republicans for short. when the party got established in the 1850's, they self-consciously embraced jefferson's ideas about agriculture and the importance eomanneryn re- -- y republican government. republicans believe that killing the soil or multiple generations -- tilling the soil for multiple generations on small arms or to use thess, language of time, civilization. they also connected small farming to an idea that historians have long recognized as critical to understanding the civil war, and that is the concept of union. the union meant republican government itself great while they were always quick to advertise their ties to jefferson and political propaganda and speeches, even their namesake, they differed from jefferson in some critical ways. republicans opposed, unlike jefferson, the extension of .lavery westward that was their whole reason for existence. they believed that slave taste agriculture destroyed -- based agriculture destroyed the soil, creating what they called

from a chest full of books that have been supplied to him by his friend and mentor, thomas jefferson.for this cerebral madison at a truly fundamental problem to solve. like many others, he included the american regime governed by the articles of confederation was grossly inadequate and contrary to what the virginia declaration of rights referred to as the common benefit protection and security of the people. but why was this happening? why had republicanism of the founding generation failed themselves? for the previous 13 years the people of the united states have been covering by 13 separate entities. state governments under the articles of confederation were thought to be republican. the father sent her muffled by the aristocratic view in favor of rule by the democratic many. under aristocracy, if that many are screwed as if you come in the democratic or republican alternative is premised on the belief that the people wouldn't screw themselves. the cisco academy. this is how we talk and cook county. this republican theory that people wouldn't screw themselves had unexpectedly proven

. >> i think that global free raid is a noble ideal like world peace, something that thomas jefferson embraced. i think that generally these free trade agreements make us wealthier, but you know not all trade is necessarily good. i hope that is what donald trump is getting at, for example, we don't want to trade nuclear material with iran. charles: we're talking about economic free trade, there are a lot of people saying this is hurting us, for example nafta goes into effect, january of 1994, pennsylvania had 876,000 manufacturing workers, last number that number was 565,000. everyone is pointing to trade, we know that there are things such as productivity and robots, but as far as america is concerned the culprit is unbalanced free trade agreement. >> short-term it can get rid of jobs, on a long tck it makes us wealthier, times when it is popular, president george w. bush imposed steel tariffs. you know, i don't know, not an economists, i can't tell you if they worked, but politically this is an effective way to get people riled up. you don't want too much in terms of tariffs though.