but thomas jefferson was one of the people who was pushing for increased u.s. stockpiles of powder. both hamilton and jefferson began advocating for those increased stockpiles as early as 1790. the thing that undercut their case for developing a major government stockpile was the passage of the treaty in 1794. jay's treaty is one of the things that my students glaze over when we discuss. it just seems like it's fixing a bunch of forts that don't matter in shifting some borders. there is a kicker in the treaty. jay's treaty opens up india to u.s. trading vessels. now, the problem with why gun powder was so short in europe wasn't the amount of gun powder that could be produced in india. there was all the saltpeter you ever needed. it was a lack of east indian men during the napoleonic wars able to carry the material to england and her allies. but now that the u.s. could send its own ships, the market was completely open. so all of a sudden there's a major trade moving from massachusetts to india to carry back this key strategic resource to build up stockpiles as the u.s. begins to worr

it leads to another thomas jefferson story. as you know, thomas jefferson was perpetually in debt. but one of the big sidelines he attempted was setting up his own salt peter refinery so he could begin making gun powder. there were several caves that were located near monticello in virginia. he partnered with the salt peter prospecter named will crutsdzers and sent out teams of guys around to see if there were any resources. they didn't find very much in the way of salt peter that was actually worth exploiting to make money off but the weirdest thing was they kept going into these caves and finding these strange giant bones preserved. but these bones were unlike anything else we had ever seen. they had massive claws and huge teeth and other weird features that didn't look like any known animal. they began to take these bones back and to show them to him and ask what do you think this is? thomas jefferson corresponded with a number of his friends in philadelphia and they started to decide that these bones looked like they came from some sort of a giant sloth. i know it's crazy. like

treatment of sally hemmings and know the way thomas jefferson believed we should count human beingsthis country. >> mr. ross, you're aware also that thomas jefferson believe that slaves should be counted as three-fifths of a person for population basis. so i'm not sure if thomas jefferson should be the litmus test for what we should be doing for accounting census. >> that was stacy of the virgin islands. we're joined by one of the freshman in the house of representatives changing how the trump administration is being held accountable. congresswoman pregnancy, democrat from massachusetts, member of the oversight and reform committee. thank you very much for joining us. really appreciate having you here. >> thank you for having me. >> another six and a half hour hearing. you get your shot and you corner the secretary and he claims, he claims something that doesn't exist. he has no right to say none of them do that the communication was confidential. this administration seems to think there are rights that they don't have. >> well, this is the day of reckoning under chairman initiation

also not only henry clay but, thomas jefferson. with henry clay he was the person that abraham lincoln adored. i feel there is a link that goes all the way back to the declaration of independence all the way through abraham lincoln. how do you feel about that? >> it is true, thomas jefferson and henry clay both studied at george with and they both considered henry clay to be a political figure. lincoln was born in kentucky. henry clay made his reputation in kentucky. i think in lincoln there is very much a henry clay believe that we need to compromise. that, we cannot simply impose our own moral views on the country. that the most important thing, henry clay believed it is to hold the union together. if the union can stay together, america will work past whatever

>> well, i'm a good admirer of thomas jefferson's, is there a question, sir? >> this administration is following in the footsteps of thomas jefferson by asking this question. i believe that we are doing it for the reasons that were outlined in my march 26, 2018 decision memo. those are the reasons why i did it, sir. >> and my last question, is it true that states often have to bear the cost of non-citizens including providing health care, food stamps and housing? >> i believe that all people are counted for those purposes, sir. >> thank you very much, mr. secretary. >> before we -- >> thank you very much. >> before we go to -- i want to thank all the members for many of you have changed your schedules just to be here, and i really do appreciate that, and i think it's very important, and i'm talking to both sides. thank you very much. >> thank you very much. before i go on to my questioning, mr. ross, you are aware that thomas jefferson said that slaves were counted f for 3/5, so i'm not sure that thomas jefferson should be the litmus test for what we should be

he undermined the secretary of state, thomas jefferson, who decided to resign he was so furious about to hamilton, they might as well give one to trump. >> first of all, we've known each other for so many years. this is why we call you the great one. the history lesson is really important. donna care. you talk about america being of post-constitutional. it's great to have this perspective and it's taken a long time to peel back the layers of this onion. you've got loretta lynch on tarmac. you we are taking orders from, you are right, obama's doj. and now we have the nellie ohr issue. we know hillary's investigation, the fisa court was lied to repeatedly. and fraud was committed. they tried to bludgeon ironically this president before and after and then take them out with russian documents paid for by hillary, a phony dossier. so my question is this. this to me as a crisis. if we don't get this right, the country that we love, it's over. we don't survive. >> i will tell you it's actually worse. the thinking was we will have a press that supports america, not that it would become a prop

so, if you were thomas jefferson or "alexander hamilton" and you look at the course of american historyrom 1765 can you think boy, things have really cycled through quickly and the idea then 1787 comes the constitution gets ratified and everything freezes in place. well, actually didn't freeze in place. one of the reasons it has lasted that long is it is merely a sketch. by no means a blueprint. a great deal of what we do in politics is nowhere to be found in the constitution. so, political parties, the framers part thought political parties were the worst things to happen to a republic. i may have been with us ever since. so to stretch the constitution is something quite remarkable. i think that the framers of the constitution, the original writers of the constitution would be the least originalist of the constitution today. first of all, they disagreed among themselves. which original view are you going to take. secondly, they understood that every generation ought to get the government wants you shouldn't be tied into a straitjacket created by a generation that lived 200 years before

and, there were others like thomas jefferson, all believing we could become a nation would be more importantthan anyone else and where the people could govern themselves. i think jefferson would have a lot to say today about those democratic principals he first taught. equal rights and equal opportunity for all. and abraham lincoln. lincoln is a hero to the oppressed people all over the world because he lived and died for freedom and he led the country through the greatest crisis, he believed in the government for the people, pie the people, for the people should not parish from the earth. well, bill, washington and jefferson and lincoln are dead. they began our democracy but they knew the job would have to be finished by those that lived after them. they knew this democracy would last only as long as its citizens were willing to keep working on it. it is our government, bill. from here on, it's up to us. . [music] on suspend, gilabrant holds a campaign rally in front of trump hotel in new york city. she announced her bid the week before. live coverage begins at 12:30 p.m. eastern on cspan n

quote from borrow a thomas jefferson. the tree of liberty has to be irrigated by the blood of the martyrs, and at times by the blood of liberty seekers. this is a metaphor. our constitution needs to be revisited periodically in order to realign and optimize it to the realities of today, so it can no longer be considered a sacred document like a holy book . and basically that is why the naturalizedus americans, 70 million plus, and our children -- we primarily remain in the independent camp of the political process because we cannot truly relate or empathize with the ever happened twisted ulterior motives of the ,emocrats or the republicans and we really have to go to the center and make this democracy a compassionate democracy rather than a predatory democracy when it comes to serving certain , bel fringes in our society it on the right or on the left. host: professor, go ahead. guest: i am not sure i would stake that much of the constitution. an excellents point that it is dangerous, i think, to treat any of our politica

george washington was president, two of his cabinet members, hamilton was his treasury secretary, thomas jeffersonis secretary of state. war broke out between britain and france. the party of jefferson favored france. the party of hamilton favored britain. there weren't really formal parties back then but they became so. what happened? the president, george washington, wanted to remain neutral. he told his cabinet, we are neutral, not getting involved. this is a loser. hamilton goes behind washington's back, really serves in many respects as a spy for the british. informing the british on what the president of united states was thinking, his diplomatic plans, he undermined his secretary of state, thomas jefferson, who decided to resign, he was so furious about it. now they have a play for alexander hamilton. selecting predict here. maybe we'll get to play one day for donald trump because he never did, it collusion. if it will give under hamilton come by this will give unto trump. >> sean: first of all, we've known each other for so many years. it's s why we call you the great one. the history less

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soccer player becoming a professional soccer player so check this out joshua thomas sergeant is thomas jefferson is a major challenge to jeremy thompson. who took a look around st louis would show surely it's a place for. thirty minutes on the beach. an extravagant venue. to. really know their stuff. ny curves with the good morning stephanie stormed. the party and chatted with musicians from around the world. like grooves every week on t.w. . so far no just couldn't get this song out of his head. musicologist began searching for the source of these captivating sounds. and found them deep in the rain forest in central africa. the by a couple. that i knew. nothing else. was able. to lend me one. minute. he was needed by their culture that he stayed. only a promise to a son who was a son only in the jungle and returned to the concrete and glass drunk. the result reverse culture shock. to realize how strangely artificial was really connected to life. the prize winning documentary from the forest starts to first on t.w. . hundreds of thousands of p. . will have marched in london to demand a second re

i went down to the university virginia and grew up in all things thomas jefferson. lived down in richmond. my first job was down the road from the church -- we would reenact john brown's raid in harpers ferry. we went up to gettysburg in number of times and reenacted pickett's charge. i was blessed to grow up in a place so rich in history. when you combine that with my texas roots in history, informs who i am as a public servant. >> what did your parents do for a living? rep. roy: my mom and dad met in austin, texas. my dad worked for the irs. he did a lot of information technology development in the 1980's and 1990's. he worked here and then ended up retiring back to texas. >> did he influence your conservative roots? rep. roy: my family is all generally conservative. mostly from the standpoint of that texas can-do spirit. my grandmother lost my grandfather and was raising my dad with polio -- he had to figure out how to walk and deal with all these consequences of having had polio and never ask -- asked for anything. my mom sacrifices -- that's the american way. i

ross: i'm a great admirer of thomas jefferson but is there a question? rep. gosar: this administration is following in the footsteps of thomas jefferson by asking this question. sec. ross: i believe we are doing it for the reasons that are outlined in my march 26, 2018, decision memo. thatgosar: isn't true states often have to bear the costs of noncitizens, including providing health care, schools, law enforcement, housing? sec. ross: i believe that all people are counted for those purposes. rep. gosar: thank you very much. rep. cummings: before we go to the next member, i want to thank all the members. many of you have changed your schedules just to be here and i really do appreciate that. it is very important. i'm talking to both sides. rep. plaskett: thank you. before i go on to my questioning, mr. ross, you are aware also that thomas jefferson believed that slaves should be counted as 3/5 of a person for population reasons, so i'm not sure thomas jefferson should be the litmus test for what we're doing and counting a census. i want to ask you about the ci

polarized and if you go back to the declaration of independence the most trenchant words that thomas jefferson wrote were when government becomes broken it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it and establish a new one this is not going to be eight hundred sixty one even though donald trump could be the fort sumpter with people firing on our watch but this polarization is increasingly getting nasty there may be some turn to violence i'm not sure i would predict that but the ultimate upshot is the american people are not going to be served the government will continue to be broken and polarized and life in america in the future i think is not going to be as pleasant as it once was you know anger seems to be the joy of michael two years into the age of trump are we naive to think he can dial it back but that's going to be difficult because i think he's just been a it really didn't start with trump it's been building up its own points out it has been building up for years and years but what we're seeing today is that it's coming to a head simply because we're seen. this not only nation

i went down to the university virginia and grew up in all things thomas jefferson. i lived in a room that was built by him. the old part around the academic villages. lived down in richmond. my first job was down the road from st. john's church where patrick henry gave his famous speech. when i was in high school, we would reenact john brown's raid in harpers ferry. we went up to gettysburg in a number of times and reenacted pickett's charge. i was blessed to grow up in a place so rich in history. where you truly understand our founding visible's and everything that makes this country great. when you combine that with my texas roots in history, informs who i am as a public servant. >> what did your parents do for a living? rep. roy: my mom and dad met in austin, texas. my dad worked for the irs. he did auditing and data processing. he did a lot of information technology development in the 1980's and 1990's. he worked here and then ended up retiring back to texas. >> did he influence your conservative roots? rep. roy: my family is all generally conservative. mostly f

thomas jefferson called attention to that. and, there are things that, well, for example, the 22nd amendment passed by our own party as revenge for roosevelt. it says two terms is the limit for a president. this is the only office that is elected by all of the people. i think that is an infringement on the democratic rights of the people. now that i am out of office so they can not accuse me of wanting to do it for myself i am going to see if i can not mobilize the demand. it is against their democratic rights to vote for whoever they want to vote for and for how long. >> we will see a lot of ronald reagan speaking around the country. >> yeah. >> and if you look ... [ laughter ] >> mr. president, as you look back on this extra ordinary life that you had, covering most of the 20th century, going from dixon, illinois to the heights of power, the president of the united states. what is the one thing that really sticks out in your mind about -- made the difference for you, made it possible? >> i think the teaching i had and the fa

pete: demanding that thomas jefferson's statue be taken down. e statue of the guy who wrote the declaration of independence. and george washington university students just voted over 50% to remove and replace their mascot george washington. ed: they call him george the colonial. so you want to take george washington out of george washington university. explain to me how does that work? pete: no, no. it's because in their mind the founding fathers are racist. all white guys. they are yesterday. we have got to get rid of them. what you forget, thomas jefferson was, of course, an imperfect person. what he wrote in the declaration of independence about all men are created equal, at one point did mean all -- only white men. then it meant all men. then it meant men and women and those words that actually liberated us from those biases and created a more free and equal country. same with george washington if he doesn't lead an army against the greatest army the world has ever seen we don't have america today. the lack of perspective and understanding is

his net worth over the years as "the 11th hour" is just getting started on a thursday night as thomas jefferson looks on. a business owner always goes beyond what people expect. that's why we built the nation's largest gig-speed network along with complete reliability. then went beyond. beyond clumsy dials-in's and pins. to one-touch conference calls. beyond traditional tv. to tv on any device. beyond low-res surveillance video. to crystal clear hd video monitoring from anywhere. gig-fueled apps that exceed expectations. comcast business. beyond fast. >>> little pencil neck adam schiff has the smallest, thinnest neck i've ever seen. he's not a long ball hitter, but i saw him today, well, we don't really know. there could still have been some russia collusion. sick, sick, these are sick people. >> again, we don't know yet what's in the mueller report but president trump is contending that it fully clears him of wrongdoing. republicans in congress are now going after as you may have heard mentioned this big target, this man democratic house intel chair adam schiff of california. trump called for

country is.what the creed it's encapsulated in the words of a great virginian and american, thomas jefferson, who wrote the most important sentence ever written in the english language, we hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal. every era of american life that we would want to emulate or that we tend to commemorate our eras in which we have more generously interpreted what jefferson meant. if you can think of an era that you would like to go back to that you think it would be youer to live in, i promise , it is more likely than not was one in which we were busy knocking down walls . when we were redefining, in a broader and more generous way, what the mainstream of america thinks. we have always grown stronger the more widely we open our arms, this is a partisan point. i have voted for democrats and republicans, i live in tennessee so it doesn't matter for presidential elections. [laughter] we do try. it is simply a historical fact. to 1965?ened from 1945 immense prosperity. slow workd overly ,owards knocking down jim crow and the defeat of tierney abroad and the

one of the reasons the court of thomas jefferson, he hated cities writing they are harmful to the morals, the health and liberty of man. he was smart, way ahead of his time. and for hundreds of years, the electoral college played in a rural world decentralizing power at the central government keeping the united states united. in those red states to stick around and be in the united states if they kept losing to new york, new jersey, california and illinois? i tend to think not. democrats don't share the values of our framers. they want power for themselves, and they wanted at all cost. that is why every major proposal is now pushing begins and ends with their power and a centralized federal government that they control. government run health care and complete takeover of the health care industry, yes, run by the state. kamala harris and others, they want to end all private health care. that impacts 200 million americans. i thought they were pro-choice. government run education. now they have to add pre-k and college education. they haven't done a better enough job with kindergarten throu

we would be whizful for dumb old warren harding but this era makes him look a lot more like thomas jeffersonme a single individual that came into this orbit and had their reputation burnished by it? >> no, nikki haley is like end than jones running in front of the boulder. she got out. she's one official it seems to me who sort of came from normalville and got her papers in order and went to trumpville and has tried to go back. but otherwise, no, it's not. it's -- my god, i mean, this is like a dante might be impressed and flummoxed by the number of characters and how to cast them and it's going to be something that deadline guys like gene and the chin strokers in my part of the caucus are both going to be spending a lot of time trying to make sense of this. >> brian -- >> eugene -- >> brian, you know, it's not just the officials, by the way. you know, the other big thing that happened is one of our two major political parties has devolved into basically a cult of personality. the republican party has ceased to function as a political party really and is enthralled to donald trump in a way t

his net worth over the years as "the 11th hour" is just getting started on a thursday night as thomas jefferson looks on. my digestive system used to make me feel sluggish but now, i take metamucil every day. it traps and removes the waste that weighs me down, so i feel lighter. try metamucil, and begin to feel what lighter feels like. how business gets done is changing. energy, success, the face of entrepreneurship is changing. see how we're changing. at bankofthewest.com/change bank of the west. the bank for a changing world. energy is changing. transpotation is changing. at bank of the west we're helping our customers drive that change. with lower rates on a car loan when you use it for an electric vehicle. find out how much you could save. at bankofthewest.com/ev >>> little pencil neck adam schiff has the smallest, thinnest neck i've ever seen. he's not a long ball hitter, but i saw him today, well, we don't really know. there could still have been some russia collusion. sick, sick, these are sick people. >> again, we don't know yet what's in the mueller report, but president trump is conte

campaign that affirmed their parties support for manufacturing, the circular included quotes by thomas jefferson and andrew jackson. strongly advocating the development of american manufacturing to keep the country independent and not relying on products from foreign country -- foreign countries. in 1858 he delivered lectures on illinois of discovery and invention, man is not the only animal whose labor -- who labors but he is the only one who improves his workmanship, this improvement he affects by discoveries and inventions, lincoln asserted in his first lecture which detailed inventions from the angel world such as clothing, the wheel, and carts, and plows. the second lecture x told the steeple and director -- and the spoke at thelater wisconsin state agricultural society in milwaukee and asserted the need to bring new machine technology into agriculture, a steam plow, for example. during his early political career, neither lincoln nor his political allies considered how this new industrial and technological order may affect the american natural landscape. by the 1830's, some of the critics o

20, 1776, benjamin frank was appointed by the continental congress along with john adams and thomas jefferson just moments after adopting the declaration of independence proposed the seal of our new country to depict moses dan on the show and asked in his hand the seat thereby causing the same to overwhelm pharaoh who sitting in an open cherry pick jefferson suggested a different exodus scene. he suggested the children of israel in the wilderness led by a cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night. this continues even after the war of independence on march 4, in his second inaugural address president thomas jefferson said i shall need to and if everything whose hands with our, let our fathers and israel of old from the native plant and plant the medical truthful with all the necessities and comforts of life. this ethos of exceptionalism has led the jewish people over the ages to punch above their weight on the world stage. that no matter where one finds himself, the matter the circumstances, one must strive for exceptionalism. this same ethos is allowed for our country started by small band o

the creed is, it is encapsulated, in the words of the great virginian, of a great american, thomas jefferson, who wrote the most important sentence, ever written in english, in the english language, that we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. every era of american life that we would want to emulate, or that we tend to commemorate, are areas in which we have more generously interpreted what jefferson meant. and if you can think of an era that you would like to go back to, that you think, it would be better to live in, i promise you, it is more likely than not, that era was one in which we were busy knocking down walls, and not building them. when we were redefining, and a broader and more generous way, what the mainstream of america could be. we have always grown stronger the more widely we have opened our arms, and this is not a partisan point. i am not a democrat, i'm not a republican, i voted for both, and presidential election, i live in tennessee, it does not matter, but you know, we do try. it is just simply a historical fact. what happened from 1945 to

one of thomas jefferson's very first political tracts before the declaration of independence identifiedhe right to move and migrate, not just as a natural right but almost as a condition of all other rights. freemen whenever they were threatened could pick up and move. he defined a moral history of saxons fleeing europe and then people from britain fleeing the british isles for the americas and people on the east coast fleeing west. this was the conception of freedom built into the very beginning of the united states and manifested in various ways acrososs the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. land front tier closes at the end of the 19th century but the word is used for other venues of expansion whether it is military or markets. amy: you talk about the frontier, constant expansion. the u.s. has 800 military bases around the world, and the effects of that and people try to come to this country as they are affected by u.s. policy. can you talk about what that means and now just moving into this new period of we toand out but now prevent people feeling the effects of that expansion from com

the investigation if i'm asked where were you when he was kid and i say i'm was a party at thomas jefferson's house, that is a crime, it's still obstruction. the other thing to understand is there's a tension between mueller's finding there was no collusion but there was evidence of obstruction which is why he cannot exonerate trump on that issue. so if the point of the obstruction would have been to impede the investigation about collusion. so trump is going around telling lies and intimidating witnesses, it may be that there's no evidence of collusion because he was a very good obstructer. >> there's also an underlying crime uncovered by robert mueller, ultimately sent off to the southern district of new york to prosecute, and that was the president's role as individual number one in an illegal hush money scam. this seems like a line that is easily taken apart by nonlawyers. >> yeah, i didn't understand that part of the letter, where he basically says that there was no underlying crime with russia so there can be no obstruction. well, special counsels, when they start in on someone, often a

of course, the vision laid out by thomas jefferson -- he called it equal voice, equal voice. it meant distributed power among the electorate, not concentrated power. he said, only with equal voice. and he said is it to the mother principle. only with that do you get bills that reflect the will of the people. well, we're getting bills that reflect a small irk is l of power and -- a small circle of power and privilege, not the people, because of this dark money concentrating power. when the koch brothers cartel puts hundreds of millions of dollars into our campaigns, the people go, where's our voice? i'll be lucky if i can give $10 to this candidate and $15 to this candidate. so the american people know the system is rigged, rigged in a profound way by this dark money, and where does this come from? that same supreme court that gutted the voting rights act; that same supreme court that failed to take on gerrymandering it's the court that has flipped our constitution on its head, replacing we the people with the vision of government by and for that small group of people in the c

he was a student of university of virginia, same school, thomas jefferson's university where captain khan went to school. >> your son. >> where i feel a special connection with otto and he never will be forgotten. we want the warmbier family to know that we stand with them, america stands with them, all decent america stands with them. now, it is -- i had said that two years ago and i have repeated that several times, that donald trump lacks empathy. most unfit person for the office of the president of the united states, time after time my statement is proven correct. we will continue to be embarrassed as the leaders of our national security have been embarrassed by donald trump. it is for what purpose, people ask, americans ask? why does he do this? he favors putin over leaders of our national security, his own appointed leaders of national security, of law enforcement. he favors the worst dictator the united nations has declared, north korea the worst dictatorship. 80,000 to 120,000 people are in starvation camps, in gulags in north korea, and he calls him leader, as you said. it i

now please, welcome to the stage wendy perez, an eighth grader from thomas jefferson middle school in arlington, virginia. [cheers and applause] >> hello and good evening. please join me in welcoming mrs. eva longoria baston and justice sonia sotomayor onto the stage. [cheers and applause] >> hello. [cheers and applause] [laughter] >> what a welcome,, what a welcome! [laughter] >> eva, it's been so long since i've seen you -- >> i know, it's been a while. >> and a lot has happened in both our lives. [laughter] you've gotten married -- >> i got married, yeah. >> you have a baby, who's in the front row. [cheers and applause] >> hold him up. [laughter] >> he's going to steal the show now. >> he just stole it, that's it. and you have a fully active career -- >> yes. >> you're directing. but i want to talk about something that was happening when i first met you. you had, you were on "desperate housewiveses," you were a huge, huge star, wanted everywhere, doing everything, and at the same time you had gone back to school. >> uh-huh. >> and i read in the newspaper when you graduated and you

but they are not exactly thomas jefferson and james madison. the problem with this is that the house had passed an amendment, 1982, the boland amendment, which reagan had signed. which said, which prevented the united states government, the executive branch, whatever words you want to use, from overthrowing the sandinista government. so, this news breaks --did anyone catch how it broke? how it came out? >> in a magazine in lebanon. prof. tudda: of all places, a random act of journalism in lebanon. and then it comes into the u.s. papers. in november of 1986. right around the time of the midterm elections. reagan, six years of his term, odds are that the democrats will take over. they do. this explodes onto the national scene. because, if the house passes something, you're not supposed to go around it, right? so, you have two controversial parts. dealing with terrorists and then diverting the money for something we are not really supposed to be doing. now, what is the loophole? the loophole that in reality prevents any serious, serious real talk

abraham lincoln, thomas jefferson if you like him. james polk has his fan club. but for the most part, presidents of the 19th century are unmemorable by design. but things change in the 20th century when and because the united states for the first time has a full-time foreign policy. i've written about 19th century presidents. and when i write about a presidency, i sort of have this idea because i started writing history in the 20th century about dwight eisenhower's presidency. so there's go to be a lot on foreign policy. it's got to be a chapter on foreign policy. but there's not much of foreign policy. it's only in the 20th century when the united states has a full-time foreign policy and then the president has to take charge. the president is commander in chief of the armed forces and he is the de facto diplomatic chief of foreign policies. it's in the 20th century where the president takes center stage where it remains. and so the presidency rewarded people who had these big personalities, these people -- the kind of people who would args your attention. the

know and many people in our audience will probably know the first half, this is a quote from thomas jefferson. "whenever the people are well informed "they can be trusted with their government." now that's what is usually quoted. but actually that quotation goes on, and jefferson continues, "that whenever things get so far wrong "as to attract their notice, they may be relied upon "to see them to rights." is america wl informed? and can americans be relied upon to set the wrongs to right? at - at timesimes, generalizations are generally wrong, and i would not say the american people are not informed, ny are not, they don't want to be informed. ou so they move t life with a limited supply of what it takes to think critilly, but many others are, it's like urnalism. th i don't speak of media anymore because o'reilly's in the media and bill moyers is in the media and we are different journalists. but no, i think today, th the complexity of the issues, although in those days they were complex issues of forming a government and there was no rapid communication. i don't think people are as informed

however, it fell to thomas jefferson to get it done and in 1802, the united states military academy at west point was founded as the nation's school to teach the art and science of warfare. since its inception, west point graduates have served to preserve our nation's freedom in battle, from the mexican wars to the war on terror, west point graduates have sacrificed their lives and their youth to win our nation's wars. off the battlefield, west point graduates have served at the very highest levels of the u.s. military, as legislators, cabinet secretaries, governors, presidents, and c.e.o.'s leading the development of our nation's infrastructure and the establishment of the world's greatest economy. for young people, it is a different traditional path. they live by the code of conduct. recognizing that their life becomes second to the safety of americans. almost 100 west point graduates have give yep their lives in this most recent war and that commitment that makes the place so special. what sets west poip as an institution apart is just about everything that happens there. the grueli