well, thomas jefferson. thomas jefferson is a man who has a background that similarities to washington. he's 11 years younger, not that much difference in age, but he's not military. thomas jefferson's, he had a father that was a robber man who was also a surveyor for lord fairfax and established the fairfax stone, which i visited at the western extremity of maryland and west virginia, served saying the western edge of large fairfax property, peter jefferson there's a map that peter jefferson and joshua fry make in 1751 that washington uses when he's going there. bounds so he was kind of a burly outdoors guy. he dies when thomas jefferson is 14 and basically thomas jefferson is a rich at age 14, washing up to son of a second marriage, totally different multiple brothers doesn't inherit much money, inherits three slaves. jefferson inherits a hundred and and his father is the mapmaker, not him. and the father was the father was the map maker. jefferson establishes environments and you can see the final ones th

well, thomas jefferson. and he as he's of coming up with the idea for west point and the idea for this train corps of engineers. also is talking to a little guy, no offense named napoleon about this. louisa can a territory that exists to the west of the limits of american expansion right to the west of the mississippi river. remember we'd had that proclamation line of 1763 and the americans very quickly been like, yeah, we're going past by this point. they reached the mississippi saint louis is becoming a prominent river town. remember that at end of the revolution, the british and, the americans agreed to unimpeded of the mississippi. they would share that river. well, france is on the other side and france is in possession. this territory of louisiana, which basically hugs the mississippi from its headwaters in minnesota to where it discharges in the gulf of mexico, at the city of, new orleans and france wants to get rid of it. it is bogged down in a series of wars. the european continent. france doesn't h

what was in the louisiana purchase, especially thomas jefferson. order for us to expand that is what most of the people wanted to hear too. so the journals are extremely important and filling in that canvas at jefferson would say of what was in the louisiana purchase and beyond to the pacific ocean. host: where did your interest in lewis and clark come from to the point that she wrote a book about it? guest: when i was 16 my father was working on undaunted courage. it was our research trip. he took us as a family out to hike and paddle in the missouri and basically camp our way along the trail. that was such an adventure. i really learned to love the west, i ended up going to school out west. but what really fascinated me i think was the congo we -- -- sacagawea. the fact that there was a young woman on the trip and that she was just as strong. a person of fortitude as any of the men. host: and of course your father is the late historian stephen ambrose, in his 1996 book undaunted courage was about lewis and clark. a must seller. and you're broke -

speaking of thomas jefferson, yes, here he is. this was a copy of the original, which was in 1832, following well, after jefferson's death. and to create the likeness, french artist borrowed a likeness from mark lafayette and created a statue and certainly that is provided us with this copy that we have here and the original the us capitol and he's holding it looks like the declaration of independence. absolutely. there we go. a couple of portraits of jefferson. i want to ask you again, this one seems almost a primitive style. oh, well, this is the work of charles peale and it dates to 1791 when thomas jefferson was serving as secretary of state. now, charles wilson peale, an artist, but prior to that, he served in our revolution and brought his paints onto the battlefield and afterwards went on to establish america's first museum. one other jefferson portrait want to ask you about this is a copy done by gilbert stuart. he was the original artist. the artist of this one is william thorton, who is better known as the architect of th

thomas jefferson was president, as says, for eight years. during those eight years, he gave two speeches. his two inaugural addresses, because he knew he wasn't a good speaker. his first inaugural address, though, was very important in that his predecessor obviously was john john adams during his presidency when the federalists controlled congress enacted the sedition act, which made it a crime punishable by incarceration for anyone criticize john adams or federalist policy. fortunately, that act expired by its own terms at the end of adams, but jefferson became president in a world where people had been thrown in jail for having conflicting opinions, he knew that this country wasn't going to last long. if we were operating on that basis. and so in his first inaugural address, among his opening words were, look, folks, we are all we are all republicans we are all americans, and we better start acting that way or this isn't going to last. but to your knowing, he wasn't a great, but he was a dazzling in small groups and he knew it. and so his

thomas jefferson was president, as says, for eight years. during those eight years, he gave two speeches. his two inaugural addresses, because he knew he wasn't a good speaker. his first inaugural address, though, was very important in that his predecessor obviously was john john adams during his presidency when the federalists controlled congress enacted the sedition act, which made it a crime punishable by incarceration for anyone criticize john adams or federalist policy. fortunately, that act expired by its own terms at the end of adams, but jefferson became president in a world where people had been thrown in jail for having conflicting opinions, he knew that this country wasn't going to last long. if we were operating on that basis. and so in his first inaugural address, among his opening words were, look, folks, we are all we are all republicans we are all americans, and we better start acting that way or this isn't going to last. but to your knowing, he wasn't a great, but he was a dazzling in small groups and he knew it. and so his

it's with thomas jefferson's reading list. just read the books on jefferson's reading and found that they all contain the phrase the pursuit of happiness and found that they all cited the same ancient sources. so i thought it was revelatory. i've also come to understand that. i mean, i wouldn't have thought that a channeling core moral philosophy of the founding would be controversial, but there is a division just as there is on between the left and the right, among conservative it is between. common, good and virtue. crowd conservatives really take an augustinian approach and think that there's a single revealed truth that people should embrace. and it's the revealed truths of the christian church and and those and classical liberals. and i think i hit a nerve. i want to ask you this large question of shifting topics, a bit as i'm reading this, i'm listening to you and we're in this place. we're looking at what, we're looking at. we know that our our politicians 250 years ago and it's almost 250 years ago, actually were grappl

was a john adams, thomas jefferson, george washington or benjamin franklin. >> i know !gan in philadelphia and what year? 1776, 1777, 1784 or 1803? >> i am going with 1784. telus judge jeanine. >> the answer is 1777. >> i'm never playing trivia again. >> carley: he's gonna have the hardest question and i'm still in the lead. >> aishah: where are we getting this half-point from? >> carley: let's seal the deal brett. >> casually in the fights. question. we all know aaron burr killed founding alexander hamilton in 1804 dual but why were they fighting in the first place? property dispute, mutual lover, policy disagreement or slander in a newspaper. >> i think it was slander. >> lawrence: it is always a woman. >> joey: if you talk bad about someone, they'll shoot you. >> the answer is slander in the newspaper. >> carley: that's right and led to the dual. 3.5 for me. one point i am very proud of. >> aishah: i didn't cheat. >> carley: you walk away with pride and winning this competition. [ indiscernable crosstalk ] >> carley: are big special continues with spectacular firework

thomas jefferson wrote the immortal words that guide this nation. george washington showed us presidents are not kings. abraham lincoln implored us to reject malice. franklin roosevelt who inspired us to reject fear. i reviewed this office, but i love my country more. it has been the honor of my life to serve as president, but in the defense of democracy, which is at stake, i think it is more important than any title. i find strength and draw joy from working for the american people, but this sacred task of perfecting our union is not about me. it is about you, your families, your futures. it is about we the people. we can never forget that. and i never have. i have made it clear that i believe america is that an inflection point. the decisions we make now will determine the fate of our nation in the world for decades to come. america is going to have to choose between moving forward or backward, between hope and hate, between unity and division. we have to decide do we still believe in honesty, decency, respect? freedom, justice, and democracy? in

many elites also backed some of these egalitarian measures, meaning revolutionaries such as thomas jefferson and thomas paine. the lexicon grew for noah webster, abraham clerk who was the signing of the declaration of independence from new jersey and many others agree that some degree of economic equality was indispensable to the health of our republic. in addition to the remove or reduction of property qualifications for voting and holding office that brought many lower class white men into the political process. the revolutionaries also adopted a variety of changes to inheritance law, tax policy and even military staffing that helped transform the social order, diminished the power of established. one of the most immediate and direct impacts economic inequality stemmed from the confiscate of loyalist property because the wealthiest individuals, many communities were loyalists. this includes people. joseph galloway of pennsylvania was one of the richest men in america at the time. the confiscation of their property actually had the effect of removing those skewed the distribution of wealth

in the founders had in mind -- covid era i have engaged in and wanted to figure out what thomas jefferson in the founders -- and the founders had in mind. the section on ethics, there are philosophers and then enlightenment philosophers and when i read the books, i was first that all of them contained the phrase "the pursuit of happiness and they find that is not feeling good but being good. not the pursuit of immediate pleasure but long-term virtue. by virtue they meant self-improvement, character improvement, being your best self and overcoming your unreasonable actions and emotions like anger, jealousy and fears you can achieve calm tranquility that allows each of us to be our best self. it was a transformative experience for me to recognize the close connection the founder c between personal government -- the founders saw between personal government and professional and through self-improvement they think the republic will fall in the brooks profile for all of the founders, franklin, adams, abigail adams, lesser-known great founders like phyllis wheatley, the first black poet and warr

because we do a lot of forgiving of thomas jefferson people saying, he was a man of his era.re far more advanced than many of these founders. >> yes, it seems to talk about small d democracy and radical ideas about the economy. if you were looking at inspiration for that series for problems we have today. you want to look to these less well known people who were just as cool and different. >> and that movement in the politics of the economy that was called the democracy was something that george washington, alexander hamilton and that crew felt had to be suppressed. that democracy had to be suppressed. >> they called it a democracy and they didn't say it in a good way. it was mob rule to them. they did everything they could to suppress it. >> there's so many of our problems in this era, the electoral college, the two senators per state i take it back to these guys and these stunning mistakes that they made in designing this government. it wasn't just slavery. it was a bunch of things they got dramatically wrong. but i think they would find it odd that we're still using that d

they were much closer to the all men are created equal belief than thomas jefferson, who clearly wasd not believe that. >> created equal okay maybe, but the radical democratic types there, they want the government to actually foster equality through things like regulating commerce for example. >> and hamilton seemed entirely for -- focused on building wealth and industry and is very happy to have seven-year-old children working in factories to do that. >> and washington, too, was thinking we could get all these people into the factories and then there were people pushing against that we hear so much less about. we don't hear about factory labor law until we are talking about frances perkins and so forth generally, but there were people with those ideas then, too. >> that is what i find so striking, that there are people with what we would call 1940s ideas way back then at the founding because we do a lot of forgiving of thomas jefferson, people like that, say no, he was a man of his era. okay, but there were other people in that era who were far more advanced than many of these found

we do a lot of forgiving of thomas jefferson, people like that, saying he was a man of his era.e were other people in that era who were far more advanced than many of these founders. >> yes. it seems anachronistic to talk about small d democracy and regulating the economy and so forth in the 18th century, but it's precisely anachronistic to erase those people and leave out that movement. if you're looking for inspiration in that era for issues that we have today, you sometimes want to look past the famous founders, who really often are not helpful in that regard, and look to the less well-known people who were just as different. >> in the politics of the colonies and the developing states, it was called the democracy, was something george washington, alexander hamilton, and that crew felt had to be suppressed. the democracy had to be suppressed. >> they called it the democracy, and they did not mean that in a nice way. >> it was not a compliment. >> it meant mob rule to them. >> mob rule. >> that is what they thought and they did everything they could to suppress it. >> so many

this is thomas jefferson's reply. at jefferson does is she thinks madison for -- he thanks for the news but says he knew it already. madison has sent him a copy and jefferson says he already has a copy. jefferson flatters madison and says with respect to the federalist, the three authors have been named to me. he says i read it with care and pleasure and was satisfied there was nothing in it by one of those hands and by that he meant john jay. and he continues and not a great deal by hamilton. jefferson continues, does the highest honor to the third, by that he means madison who he is writing to, as being the best commentary on the principles of government. these two letters by jefferson and madison preserve the context of which the federalist essays were written and also how they were received. >> arizona state university professor colleen sheehan, what was the role of the bill of rights in the federalist papers? >> first of all, i have to mention that arizona state university and the school of civic and economic thou

fis question, what was thomas jefferson's middle name? >> oh, gosh, henry.king with it. bad, he did not have a middle name. thank you very much. you're good sports. i will give you one swimming suit to split between the two of you. >> thank you. >> steve: have a 5th on the 4th, i know i will. come over here. this guy, you are from? >> france. >> steve: from france. here is your question. what country gave us hamburgers and hot dogs? was it france? bel belgium? i ireland or germany? >> what? >> steve: hamburgers and hot dogs, where do they come from? >> american. >> steve: no, germany. we will give you this lovely u.s. -- blouse or shirt? very nice. put that on, we'll come back. talk to these guys. >> john. >> steve: who is first president born in a hospital? >> jefferson. >> steve: what was jefferson's middle name? >> jay. >> steve: he did not have one. jimmy carter. proud american. change your hat. put it on. what is your name? >> tommy. >> steve: more like it. here is your question. what president is said to have slept 11 hours per day and took a one or tw

thomas jefferson did, as well, but they were actually of different parties, so they ran against each other while actually serving in the same administration. there have been a handful of other presidents who have succeeded to the office but it is not a great place to launch a political career because there is very low visibility, there are not portfolios built in, you don't have a constituency like you but if you were a governor, senator, congressman, so it can be difficult to get attention because you have to demonstrate loyalty while also trying to be your own person. it has not proven to be particularly effective. where vice president may be have found success is doing something else in between there vice presidency and coming back. we saw this with richard nixon and of course joe biden. host: you also may be bound to comment on the washington post, cites calvin coolidge. the role of the vice president involves little more than waking up and checking the president's health in the newspaper. guest: [laughter] it is a really good quote. there have been some colorful ones. john adams

thomas jefferson survives. he had no way of knowing that thomas jefferson had died on the very same day. as americans gathered across the country to honor the anniversary of the declaration of independence, news of adams and jefferson's passing had spread. and what had begun as a month of celebration was now one of mourning and commemoration. as the citizens began to listen to eulogies, speeches and tributes in churches, government buildings and in public spaces. while jefferson and adams had their own opinions on how they should be remembered, it would be up to those living in 1826 and successive generations, even up to now, to define and shape their memory. presidential sites such as yours are frequently called to discuss the legacies of people who have held the highest office in our country, and one very important way, one iconic way is we know these men will eventually die. that is how that death is marked and remember that becomes very important. our next panel will provide wonderful and different perspect

now thomas jefferson as president. right. commission did this exhibition. yeah. and the book. you don't want on your ten of that. jefferson wrote a terrible i call it, you know, notes on virginia which is really a kind of racist, bigoted tract. jefferson wrote. so we have to deal with jefferson's slavery in that aspect that lewis and clark shows the side of. jefferson that's brighter which is his thought of of western expansion and. while other other politicians of era early 1800s saw the mississippi river as the the of the united states. we'd go from atlantic to mississippi. jefferson was unique in thinking it goes all the way to the pacific. and he commissioned meriwether lewis and and clark william clark. we now know of recent years that we with a really some people say pittsburgh was where they convened but basically going up the missouri river across the continental divide to astoria oregon. lewis and clark they these my new brilliant journals because was a naturalist excellent and he was dealing with different fern plants seen different bird never seen before documenting

you know, thomas jefferson gets his beautiful memorial in d.c. and george mason has a bench like in the shadow of. and you kind of feel like if george mason would have just been for i. i was there something you might not but then marcellus warren goes on and writes, you know, the greatest like early history of the american revolution, three volumes published in 1805. and and so some of that was so important to that generation then i i'm guessing that most american schoolchildren wouldn't be able to say who she is, except she is in the texas standards. so have both works of humanities. yeah, well, i would add in the people know who he is. i would say this john marshall, as a father story. john, john marshall. i mean, you know, chief justice who basically transformed ed the supreme court, which was pretty much nothing before he was there in a little power. and they start out they don't even have an office and there you know nobody wants to be it there trying to get somebody to be chief justice and he doesn't want it. you know, jay does want to come

thomas jefferson, john adams, and who?hter] >> carley: and we are all wrong! , is yelling at us. how are we to know that? martha has a second question. >> the category is renaissance man here in question, ben franklin was a man of many interest who was a statesman, a musician, an who despite never limning a single patent created, bifocals, the lightning rod, and this? a, swim fins, b the stove phi hat, the street sweeper, t, introduction. >> carley: i'm torn between h and c. >> i'm going a. if he invented that, i'm out of here. all right, martha, tell us the answer. >> the answer is swi m fins. did you get that right first? i i put a. you have a and p. we will give it to you. a half a point.ge >> i will take it.ext >> dana has the next one. >> the category is for patriotic passing. here is the question, july 4th is obviously our nation's o birthdates, but it also has significant meaning to put three presidents who died on july 4th here they are john adams, james monroe, and is it a, andrew jackson, b,ff thomas jeffersoner,

thomas jefferson was a slave owner.ion's founding document, which he authored, did not move to abolish slavery. he penned those words, those rights have been extended to black people and other minorities and women with each generation building upon the last. since declaring independence, the american experiment has been tested over and over again. we have sacrificed many lives to safeguard liberal values both at home and abroad. during world war ii, where america stood, it was clear and stood to exterminate totalitarianism. consider how differently that war may have played out if we had a demagogic steering america off the cliff. today, our great american experiment is at risk avenue collapse. rid yourself of the notion that this is simply a race between two parties. this is a fight to preserve our hard-fought freedoms. we have two candidates. one stands for democracy, one doesn't. that is the beginning and the end of the realization that voters need to have. biden's condition if it is tiredness or something else is not

there' s this whole thing about calling up thomas jefferson and asking him how are your slaves today? there's something ridiculous and offensive that we have to say that. you don't have to say you have an alternate theory. i am taking up too much of your time. their old debating technique was you don't have a theory. i have a theory called traditional judges, stop owner turning precedent, the prudent, look at the consequences of your actions. that is traditional judging and i could get a lot of judges on board with that. don't take that date. keep going and saying it's ridiculous to be calling thomas jefferson. >> game of telephone with dave debited -- dead slaveholders is no longer a country. got to say. i think you are raising some interesting points and i'm trying to remember what i had. something you said peaked my interest but then you said so many good things "after words" and i was going along on the train. >> a category mistake about the constitution to add this one thing. they think -- we teach about the court. all my colleagues don't teach much about democracy. but you know,

well the house had the previous question rule and thomas jefferson was kind of behind that in 1801 when he left being vice president as the presiding officer of the senate he became president. he established a rule book for the house as a congress and the peak the pq motion as it's called. was not used a lot and i believe was 1810. there was a situation where there's a senator or representative called for rent gardener and he was a rather long-winded speaker, and he had been known to speak for four or four four or five hours and what jefferson would call superfluous topics and and the book and there was a situation there was a measure before the house and gardener was speaking and another. representative said i'm going to make the previous question motion to get him to stop speaking and the speaker ignored that that representative and it representative. asked the question again, and the speaker was said to the entire house. so you guys decide what's going on here and they established the president to end floor debate. to have a motion in place to actually stop guard near from speaking w

thomas jefferson was behind that in 1801 when he left being vice president as the presiding officer and became president he established the rulebook for both houses of congress. the pq motion as it is called was not used a lot. i believe it was 1810 there was a situation where there was a representative and he was a rather long-winded speaker. he had been known to speak for four or five hours on what jefferson would call superfluous topics. there was a measure before the house and gardner was speaking and another representative said i'm going to make the previous question motion to get him to stop speaking and the speaker ignore that representative and the representative asked the question again and the speaker said to the entire house you guys decide what's going on. they established the precedent and floor debate to have a motion in place to actually stop gardner from speaking which was the first of three presidents they had to shut down the filibuster. in 1841 a limited speaking to one hour per representative on emotion and those two things really shut down the filibuster in 1871, 18

>> the house had the previous question rule and thomas jefferson was kind of behind the in 1801 when he left being vice president as a providing officer -- presiding officer. he is that was the rulebook for both houses of congress and the peak motion, as it's called, was not use a lot and i believe it was 1810 there was a situation where there was a representative called brent garden near and he was a rather long-winded speaker and he had been known to speak for 4 to 5 hours in what jefferson would call superfluous topics. there was a situation, there was a measure before the house and he was speaking and another representative said -- the speaker -- and that representative and he said to the house, you guys decide what's going on here? and they established the floor debate which was the first of three presidents they had to -- precedents they had to shut down the filibuster. they limited the speaking to one hour per representative on emotion and those two things really shut down the filibuster in the house in the 1871, 1841, actually? >> so, mr. bomboy, there have been alterations o