shall we talk a little bit about what thomas kirk did and how he was able to bring together-or attempt to bring together the two fields? well, that is happening, and samhsa is endorsing that. but we also have to step back and look at the larger environment, and that is making sure that whoever presents for whatever problem gets those problems addressed, and making sure that we expand the reach of our intervention, so that we're dealing with people at various stages of the problem. if we only wait until individuals' problems are so severe that they have to engage in treatment, they tend to be more complicated. they cost more, and the interventions tend to be more complicated. yeah. so, the whole notion of how you best address this issue is dependent not only on demonstration grants that organizations like samhsa would pursue but also the research that the nih would pursue and some of the services' strategies that ahrq, the agency for healthcare research and quality, would pursue. so, we all operate together so that we produce the outcomes at the largest society as well as the individual