thomas payne, after the war in the 1790's wrote a blistering pamphlet attacking washington and payne argued, i don't agree with payne on this, but payne argued that washington slept in the field, as he put it, and as the real winners of the war were generals horatio gage and nathaniel green. and, but washington was generally inactive during much of that time and clinton was far more active. and he think the most devastating thing, most devastating attack or appraisal of clinton came about almost 75 years ago, but still went by scholars today and many still accepted and it was a study made by clinton's biographer, principal biographer in conjunction with a clinical psychologist, and they argued that clinton sought power, but that he had deep subliminal psychological problems that prevented him from acting on the power that he had. and i think, frankly think the argument is malarky. not that i'm a particular foe of psycho-history, but in this case, they were obviously unable to put clinton on the couch and talk with him, but in addition clinton left behind virtually no private correspo

a dozen years before 1776, and and and as thomas payne said in 1776, was it a struggle that would bring about a birthday of the new world. with regard the american revolution but also a double did because you got a war, most of the congressman new when they declared independence in july of 1776 that they weren't independent. they had to win independence. that led to a long war, a war that had darkened in certain times in 1776, then like a roller coaster things brightened when france allied with the united states in 1778. many people felt, including george washington, this virtually assured american independence. and then things went south after that, the war becomes stalemated and that is the subject of my book, the four years after the great victory at saratoga, 1770 it to yorktown in 1781 when i think the outcome of the war was until the last moment unknown. it could have gone in different directions, no one knew until yorktown whether or not america would gain independence, or if it did, if the united states would include all 13 states. it is a long, dramatic struggle, i never get ti

thomas payne wrote a pamphlet about in the wake of this, i don't know whether payne really believed this he was trying to smooth over the fallout from arnold's treason, he pointed that out to people. but having said that, there is a second thing here too, many people argue that arnold just was after the money, and he did get a great deal of money from the british for turning coat, but there is another side to that equation, and that is that arnold owned a considerable amount of property in new england, and if america wound up winning the war, he's going to lose all of that property, so it would really be a trade off, he would lose valuable property but gain the money that the british were going to pay him. he could have done probably just as well financially had he remained on the american side, but one of the things that intrigued me about arnold is he negotiated with the british through intermediaries, and those intermediaries report to sir henry clanton. for a long time clanton didn't know who it was that the intermediaries were talking to. he assumed it was an important american who

let me begin with this. 244 years ago, thomas payne started off his crisis letter in the pennsylvaniaing these are the times that try men's souls. the u.s. veterans community, because of everything that's happened, because of decisions made in the last 20 years of three administrations and five secretaries of state, is hurting. when i spoke to secretary blinken and mcdonough, they understood that pain and frustration. as far as miller, i can't comment on that. we know trump has had four years to make good on this, and sivs, while prioritized, they didn't follow through on our moral obligation to our allies. >> and even before the evacuations, can you give people an idea of how difficult it's been for these interpreters, these u.s. allies, people who have been putting their lives on the lines to get approval for these visas? why was there this backlog, this inability for people to get bur leadership. it was a 14-step process that no one was really in charge of until they named the senior coordinating official in march of 2020. there wasn't anyone in charge until then. the secretary cou