hundred seventy seven protests against the shah's modernization program and he's increasingly all thora tarion rule. but in september nine hundred seventy eight those protests became mass demonstrations worker strikes and riots. many iranians who joined the uprising were fighting back against what they saw as an attempt to westernize encyclical rise the country. others were calling for socialism and some were simply angered over the abuses of the shah's secret police . amid the my him one opposition figure emerged as a leader from his exile in front's hardline shiite cleric ayatollah khomeini. with public disapproval at a fever pitch the shah left iran for egypt. mean on february first nine hundred seventy nine returned to iran welcome to by a crowd of millions. it was a turning point in the country's history just two months later following a referendum many had proclaimed the islamic republic of iran. in just one year the country had transformed from a constitutional monarchy to a theocracy. but that was not the end of the instability and turmoil later that he student revolutionaries took fif