the thurgood marshall . mother wanted him to go to the university of maryland school of law and marshall from baltimore his mother just dreamed of that ibut my son is smart enough to become the first black to be admitted to the university of maryland school of law. marshall knew that they wouldn't accept him because he was black so they went to howard university law school and graduated number one in his class and a then marshall went and found a gentleman by the name of donald murray and said i want you to apply to the university of maryland school of law. and he said mr. marshall, why in the world would i do that? they are not going to accept a black applicant and thurgood marshall said i know. they will turn you down and i will sue them. and that's how i will get you in, just like that it happened. thurgood marshall's sue the school of law and they escorted him to class on the first day and dare anybody to mess with them. thurgood marshall wa is a pretty tall hefty guy. that's really talking the talk and w

why was lbj willing to risk so much on thurgood marshall? marshall had gone years earlier and altered the political landscape. >> guest: joe, thank you for that question and it's a very important question. it is rooted, joe, in lyndon johnson's upbringing. he was born poor. he saw poor americas cans in texas and poor blacks, especially when he was youth director during the roosevelt administration and he traveled around texas trying to find jobs for blacks who were living in these hard scrabble camps and he slept with some of the black families and there wasn't ma sy he had with and towards blacks. also, joe, a very important part of this question is this fact, america was becoming unglued. the country in 1964, 1965, was losing its soul. these riots, the discrimination, rebellion on the streets was because society was not fair. public housing projects were growing. you had the criminal justice system which was unfair. and so you had a real historical moment for this country and we were seeing it on tv with the dogs chasing the student marcher

and just like that it happened.e thurgood marshall sued the university of maryland school of law. ld murray got admitted, and thurgood hard shall escorted -- marshall escorted him to class on the first day, daring anybody to mess with him. you know, thurgood marshall was a pretty tall, hefty guy, you know? i mean, that's really, really -a that's talking the talk and walking the walk at the same time. >> host: well, the book is called "showdown" for a reason. here's another quote from your book referring to judiciary committee chair james eastland who was a democrat from mississippi. mississippians loved him because he was doing exactly what they had sent him to the u.s. senate to do, to the maintain those cotton prices, to keep the negro down. >> guest: yes. i went to mississippi to do research on the james eastland family legacy and looked through his papers and found a lot of very harsh statements that he had made about blacks in world war ii. he called them cowards. he said this on the floor of the u.s. senate. and he, he had animus toward thurgood marshall because marshall real

that was thurgood marshall's imprint. brown v. board of education. he integrated the university of texas law school, a lovely story. thunder in marshall's mother, who is a school teacher, wanted him to go to the university of maryland school of law, and marshall, from baltimore, and mother just dreamed of that day. my son is smart enough to become the first black to be admitted to the university of maryland. marshall knew that they wouldn't accept him because he was black, but he went to howard university law school in washington, graduated number one in his class, and then marshall went and found a gentleman by the name of donald murray, and said, mr. murray, i want you to apply to the university of maryland school of law. and mr. murray said, well, mr. marshall, i -- why in the world would i do that? they're not going to accept a black applicant. and thurgood marshall said, i know it. do it, they'll turn you down, and i'll sue them. and that's how i'll get you in. just like that it happened. thunder good marshall sued the university of maryland scho

and after nearly 20 years of effort, 20 years, thurgood marshal ultimately succeeded in bringing his righteous cause before the supreme court and securing the ruling in brown versus board of education that separate could never be equal. 20 years! marshal, houston. they knew it would not be easy. they knew it would not be quick. they knew all sorts of obstacles would stand in their way. they knew that even if they won, that would just be the beginning of a longer march to equality. but they had discipline. they had persistence. they had faith. and a sense of humor. and they made life better for all americans. and i know you graduates share those qualities. i know it because i've learned about some of the young people graduating here today. there's a young woman named sierra jefferson who's graduating with -- i'm just going to use her as an example. i hope you don't mind, sierra. sierra grew up in detroit and was raised by a poor single mom who worked seven days a week in an auto plant. for a time, her family found themselves without a place to call home. they bounced around between fri

and after nearly 20 years of effort, 20 years, thurgood marshall ultimately succeeded in bringing his righteous calls before the supreme court and securing the ruling in brown verses board of education, that separate could never be equal. 20 years marshall, houston, they knew it would not be easy. they knew it would not be quick. they knew all sorts of obstacles would stand in their way. they knew that even if they won, that would just be the beginning of a longer march to equality. but they had discipline. they had persistence. they had faith and a sense of humor. and they made life better for all americans. i know you graduates share those qualities. i know it because i've learned about some of the young people graduating here today. there's a young woman named sierra jefferson who's graduating with us. i'm just going to use her as an example. i hope you don't mind, sierra. sierra grew up in detroit and was raised by a poor single mom who worked seven days a week in an auto plant. for a time, her family found themselves without a place to call home. they bounced around between frien

traditions of the founding fathers including president ronald reagan, supreme court justice thurgood marshall and martin luther king. brian kilmeade, a co-host of "fox & friends," is next with "george washington's secret six" which recalls a spy ring that operated during the american revolution. taya kyle shares her experiences as an army spouse and dealing with the aftermath of her husband's death in "american wife." and wrapping up this week's list, chair of military theory at the marine corps university, intas man gorka, looks at radical us lammic terrorism and his assessment on how to fight it. that's a look at the current bestseller ors according to the conservative book club. many of these authors have appeared or will be appearing on booktv. you can watch them on our web site, booktv.org. >> crystal wright, your new book, "con job." who's being conned and who's doing the conning? >> guest: well, i think democrats are doing the conning particularly of black americans and women. i argue in my book because they're kind of like the democrat party, in my view, over the last half century is

is the thurgood marshall nomination being about civil rights of the brandeis nomination therewas a lot of anti-semitism but it was really about the progress of controls, all those things will be part of this but this will be about the democracy occasion as much as anything else. >> i will invite my audience to step up to the mic and ask questions. i will ask michael one more question but i do encourage all members who are interested in talking, start making your way in line. michael, you talked about popular support that was needed to be generated to pass the constitutional amendment ending the poll tax but since then the court has digitally interpreted the coal tax. many laws that have been thought to be found like poll taxes have not been given credence, any reaction to that? >> an interesting story about the amendment and what happened since. constitutional amendment to end the poll tax was not supported by the civil rights movement. the naacp and other groups opposed it, saying we don't need to pass an amendment, this could be done by statute. it was a white supremacist wh

filed dozens of lawsuits, dozens of cases and after nearly 20 years of effort, 20 years, thurgood marshall ultimately succeeded in bringing his righteous calls before the supreme court and secured the ruling in brown versus board of education that separate could never be equal. 20 years. marshall, houston, they knew it would not be easy. they knew it would not be quick. they knew all sorts of obstacles would stand in their way. they knew that even if they won, that would just be the beginning of a longer march to equality. but they had discipline. they had persistence. they had faith. and a sense of humor. and they made life better for all americans. i know you graduates share those qualities. i know it because i have learned about some of the young people graduating here today. there is a young woman named sierra jefferson, and i will use you as an example, i hope he do not mind. she was raised in detroit and raised by friends and family who took her home in. a.m., getting5:30 ready for school and taking care of her little sister. she knew what was her ticket to a better life. the daughte

filed dozens of lawsuits, dozens of cases and after nearly 20 years of effort, 20 years, thurgood marshall ultimately succeeded in bringing his righteous calls before the supreme court and secured the ruling in brown versus board of education at separate could never be equal. 20 years. houston, they knew it would not be easy. they knew it would not be quick. they knew all sorts of obstacles would stand in their way. they knew that even if they won, that would just be the beginning of a longer march to equality. but they had discipline. they had persistence. they had faith. and a sense of humor. and they made life better for all americans. i know you graduates sure those share those qualities. i know it because i have learned about some of the and people graduating here today. there is a young woman named sarah jefferson, and -- she grew up in detroit and was raised by a mom who worked seven days a week in an autoplant and they found themselves with a place -- without a place to call home. by senior year sierra was up at 00 a.m. every day juggling extracurricular activities and doing homewo

wade and the right of privacy or the thurgood marshall nomination when he was nominated to fight aboutthat, being about civil rights at the brandeis nomination when he was nominated in anti-semitism, but it was really about the controls on corporations. all of those things will be part of this, but this'll be about the democracy law cases have much of anything else. i am going to invite our audience to step up to the microphone and ask questions while folks are assembling it will ask one more question but i do encourage all members who are interested in talking to start making your way in mind. michael, you talked about the popular support needed to be generated to pass a constitutional amendment pending the poll tax. since then, the court has interpreted the poll tax in many laws that have been thought to be found or to operate have not been given by the court. >> there's both an interesting story about that amendment as well as what has happened since. the constitutional amendment to add the poll tax was not supported by the civil rights movement. the naacp and other groups opposed i

years,er nearly 20 thurgood marshall ultimately succeeded in bringing his righteous cause before the supreme court and securing the ruling in brown versus port of education that separate could never be equal. [applause] 20 years. marshall, houston, they knew it would not be easy, they knew it would not be quick. they knew all sorts of obstacles with stand in their way. i know that even if they won, that would just be the beginning of a longer marked to equality. -- they disciplinary had discipline. they had faith. and a sense of humor. and they made life better for all americans. and i know that you graduates should those qualities. because i've learned about some of the young people graduating here today. woman namedoung sarah jefferson who is graduating. i am just want to use her as an example. i hope you don't mind. sarah grew up in detroit and was raised by a poor single mom who worked seven days a week in and auto plant -- and like auto plant. auto plant. an she was upor year, at 5:00 a.m. juggling homework, extracurricular activities, volunteering, all while taking care of her l

it took thurgood marshall and the naacp decades to win brown v board of education. it took more time after that for civilting rights and rights act. it took more time after that for it to start working. it took a proud daughter in new jersey years of organizing marches and hunger strikes and protests and drafting hundreds of pieces of legislation and working with congressional leaders before she and other suffragists helped win women the right to vote. [applause] pres. obama: each stage along the way required compromise. sometimes you took half. you forged allies. sometimes you lost on an issue and came back to fight another day. that is how democracy works. you have got to be committed to participating not just to get immediate gratification, you have to be a citizen full-time, all the time. if participation means voting and compromise and organizing and advocacy, it also means listening to those who do not agree with you. i know a couple of years ago, folks on this campus got upset that condoleezza was supposed to speak at commencement. i don't think it's a secret

it took thurgood marshall and the naacp decades to win brown v board of education. and another decade after that to secure the civil rights act. it took more time after that for it to start working. it took a proud daughter in new jersey, alice paul years of , organizing marches and hunger strikes and protests and drafting hundreds of pieces of legislation and working with congressional leaders before she and other suffragists helped win women the right to vote. [applause] each stage along the way required compromise. sometimes you took half a loaf. it you forged allies. sometimes you lost on an issue and came back to fight another day. that is how democracy works. you have got to be committed to participating not just to get immediate gratification, you have to be a citizen full-time, all the time. and it participation means voting, and means compromise and organizing and advocacy it also , means listening to those who do not agree with you. i know a couple of years ago, folks on this campus got upset that condoleezza rice was supposed to speak at commencement. i d

our guest, wil haygood is the authors of several books including the most recent "showdown: thurgood marshall and the supreme court nomination that changed america". he will be taking questions were the next three hours. >> host: author wil haygood, you write about black men who heroically manifested themselves into mainstream america. i think my writing is a relentless pursuit to explain all of america. what does that mean? >> gue

and then she says she's going to go back to her home town like thurgood marshall did, to make sure theew up with have the health care they deserve and as she puts it, she's going to be a change agent and help folks like her succeed. >> joining me right now is that student and her mother. good to see you all. >> wow, what a moment. it's enough that here it is, your graduation day, class of 2016, the president is the commencement speaker. and then ciara, he singles you out as you just saw. that had to come as a surprise or did you know he knew your story? >> no, it was definitely a surprise. they asked for my consent to use my comments, but i didn't know at all that i would be used as a personal reference or example. >> that's incredible. for you, yolandria, what was that like to hear your daughter being singled out like that? >> i'm still in shock, to be honest. i think i probably blacked out. i fell over went to screaming, that's my daughter, that's my daughter. i had parents crying around me, i was crying. it's unbelievable. i will never forget this experience for the rest of my life.

he told the students from the university that gave us zora, thurston thurgood marshall and other great, he basically gave an unapologetically black speech and told the students, be proud of being black and proud of who you are but he also said you have to get out and vote. he said if the youth had come out and voted in large numbers in 2012, he would not have had the congress that he was stuck with and that hashtags are not enough, you've got to vote. if you want the critical justice reform -- criminal justice reform act to pass, if you care about voing rights act, healthcare, get out and vote. >> i think that must have been a wonderful moment out there, michelle. thanks. to rory, tell me something i don't know. >> i don't know if you know no republican candidate for congress has lost their primary this cycle so far, not one. when we're talking about the discord at the top of the ticket, if you actually look, the republican party for several cycles so far has actually been really really strong. we've won hundreds of seats in the state legislature. we dominate control of governors. the

thurgood marshall. rain out west of metro alongse against the slopes. it's diminishing as it moves eastward. there is a chance with the southwesterly winds changing to the lower level of the atmosphere that a few showers could make it here tonight. .01 of one inch is all we need at reagan international to extend the streak to 16 straight days. cloudy skies for the most part tonight. fine shape later tonight and a isolated shower. tomorrow it will change. strong cold front is coming through. showers and the thunderstorms coming through. good news for afternoon. clear and breezy weather and we will repeat the process saturday with another gusty cold front. more showers and storms and mild temperatures. that is the latest from the weather center. michelle: thank you. phone lines in the "7 on your side" help center are now open. you can ask the lawyer. 703-236-9220. volunteers from the washington lawyer committee for civil rights and urban affairs are on hand to answer your questions about civil rights violations, equal employment, immigrant rights and much

gather together and argued in front of the supreme court by thurgood marshall to the naacp. and ultimately decided in 1954. but initially it divided court was unable to render because the spring of 1953 chief justice vinson had died. leaving the court been in a similar situation as it is now divided on a range of vital and important issues. the good senator from virginia has reminded us that our failure to act now come are fitted to do our job and to follow the dictates of our constitution, the chalet which in article ii, section two, the failure of this body to offer any hearing or vote on this very capable circuit court judge sends the wrong message not just a within this country to our citizens but around the world. he spent time to change his lifc and his perspective in central america as a younger man in a country where judicial independence was a fiction on paper. i spent time in the 1980s in a country in southern africa known as south africa where this same legal system that existed here under jim crow existed there under the name of apartheid. it's for that country t

when he graduated from law school, she was the first african-american judge and protege of thurgood marshall. she wrote -- "michael ratner was an rest respect the a list law clerk i've had in my tenure on the bench." amy: michael ratner joined the center for constitutional rights in 1971, his first case centered on a lawsuit filed on behalf of prisoners killed and injured in the attica prison uprising in upstate new york. michael ratner was deeply involved in latin america and the caribbean challenging u.s. policy in cuba, haiti, nicaragua, guatemala, puerto rico, and elsewhere. in 1981, he brought the first challenge under the war powers resolution to the use of troops in el salvador as well as a suit against u.s. officials on behalf of nicaraguans raped, murdered and tortured by u.s. backed , contras. in 1991, he led the center's challenge to the authority of president george h.w. bush to go to war against iraq without congressional consent. a decade later he would become a , leading critic of the george w. bush administration filing lawsuits related to guantanamo, torture, domestic survei

forefront of that movement so we have nice histories of walter ray and there's even a new book about thurgood marshall and people who worked within bureaucracy. there is a tendency to see the institutional leaders as the most important people, so what i am hoping this will get people interested in polly because i could look at all facets of her life now that is a long response. >> was going to ask you what you thought your book would contribute to american history when you began. i think you may have answered that, but let me ask anyway, you're just starting out, you're just thinking about these two women who you evidently then thought of as very different, it sounds like as you wrote you brought them closer together on personal terms perhaps, less on their sociological trappings but more on their personal, psychological likeness so i'm guessing that when you begin you thought this is going to be a book about activism and women working together as activists. now that you you have finished the book after such a long time what you think this book is doing? >> that is an interesting question. one of the

that's great. >> the book i wrote about thurgood marshall, still in print. to people still use these books. -- so people still use these books. and, you know, i wrote a book about issues within the black community and struggles based on bill cosby and bill cosby's speech prior to all the scandals that now surround bill cosby. and that book continues to sell. so for me, i'm really interested in doing books that have lasting value and that people, you know, when you read a book, i think it's such a gift to an author. i know bradley thinks it's when you buy the book. [laughter] but for me, it's when you take the time and you say, you know what? it's worth time. i find this book intriguing, relaxing, you know? especially i can easily see where you would say that with a fiction book, that it's engaging, it takes me away from my daily activity. but for me as a nonfiction author, i am so grateful when you take a moment to read a book and then stick with it. and i want to know that i have given you something worthy of your time. >> when i wrote one of my reagan book

i first met judge garland at the home of one of the key advisors to the legal team, justice thurgood marshall and others in that case. i was at coleman's home and he was hosting a dinner to honor the integration of the federal judiciary. we were cochairing an event that was held here in washington and it was a gathering of all of the federal judges of color called just the beginning and we were hosting a dinner with some people and marek garland was my dinner mate. he sat right next to me. we had a wonderful conversation and i got to know him then. of course in the later years, i obviously followed his work on the court and to answer your question directly, was especially impressed with the number of unanimous decisions he authored, which as you pointed out is an indication of a consensus builder. that is at the very center, the importance of brown versus the board of education. do you unanimous decision. the justices demanded it be unanimous and did everything possible to ensure that because he knew the import of that case and what it would mean for the country. why is that also very signifi

traditions of the founding fathers, including president ronald reagan, supreme court justice thurgood marshall and martin luther king, bryan killmeade, a co-host of fox and friends is next with george washington's secret six about a spy ring in the american revolution. taya kyle shares her dealing with doing be military wife, and they're of military theory at the marine corps university, a look at radical islamic terrorism and how to fight until "defeating jihad.." you can hatch the authors on our web site, booktv.org. >> this is primarily a love story. a love story of mine towards my late husband, and the difficulty that one has when one makes that commitment at time of marriage, in sickness and in health. vowing to support another life. another being. another person with whom you have lived for, as it turn out, i lived with john for 53 years. we were married for 54. john had parkinson's disease and as it became more and more apparent, that his parkinson's was taking him downhill, he decided to end his life. he did it in a way that still makes me so sad because there was no and is no law in m

>> you just there, jose, are articulating what thurgood marshall said in in his dissent. explicit racism, all you're going to do is remove all the cases where someone is clever and the only time you'll get in trouble is if someone says they're removing someone because they're black. having said that, chief justice john roberts writes in today's opinion that the prosecutor's notes which wrote down each juror that was black did constitute that kind of evidence, that kind of racism. still not okay the court holds today. that means this defendant, who has basically been serving for years on a very gruesome murder conviction will get a new trial. >> so, ari, it's just if you're, to use nonlegal terms, if you're dumb enough to write exactly i'm taking this person out because of his race, then this would apply. but if you're not and you just say, it's just not the type of day that this guy looks like he can be fair, they could still do it, because they're african-american or you're latino or whatever. >> exactly. and that, i think, is one of the critiques of this line of argumen

wade and the right to privacy, or the thurgood marshall nomination being when he was nominated, the fightabout that being civil rights at the brandeis nomination when he was nominated. there was a lot of anti-semitism but it was really about the progressive era controls on corporations. all those things will be part of this but i think this'll be about the democracy as much as anything else. >> i'm going to invite our audience to step up to the mic and ask questions. while folks are somewhat am going to ask michael one more question but i do encourage all members who are interested in talking or saying something, you start making your way in line. michael, you talked about the piper support that was needed to be generated to pass a constitutional amendment ending the poll tax. but since then the court has rather stimulate interpreted the poll tax and many laws that have been thought to be found like poll taxes are thought to operate like poll taxes have not been given credence. do you have any reaction to that? >> there's both an interesting story as well as what's happened since. the con

so, we sent fox5's bob barnard to bwi thurgood thurgood marshall airport to check things out at 6:32.it's no the that the t crowded at 6:32. bob, good morningism goodood morning, allison.mornin it sure is. it we've seen it s worse but it's pretty bad. officials here say it's nots chicago bad but bad enough and a as you mentioned recordec numbers of people flying. f the numbers last year up 7 percent over 2014, 23.8 million air flew through bwi last year. lasy that's a record. rec for the past eight months, m they've been setting recordsng r here. he so, a record number ofer o passengers and you also have issues with t.s.a. t t.s.a. admits they have some hae staffing issues to try to keep i up with what they're saying isss roughly 3200 extra people a p day this year than last yearas y that they're having to screencre and that is because basicallyicl anybody they hire is party time. i didn't realize this.hi but because mornings are crunch times for air travel tra and afternoons, they only hireyh part time t.s.a. workers and, a therefore, it's tough to keept't them. they're losing them f

occurred under nixon's administration, and that's the santa clara versus montanez decision, which thurgood marshall and the other eight agreed that sovereignty trumped civil rights, and that made civil rights a problematic issue in indian country, and that's why to this day, they continue to have a problem with the citizenship because of that particular decision that occurred under nixon again. nixon was not directly related to that. but i don't want to give these people the impression that those positive policies from nixon did not also have a detrimental effect. the other thing that i want to bring up, and i'm sorry, dr. reed, but we have to talk about jefferson. we have to talk about jefferson. >> as a president? >> as a president, yes. we do have to talk about jefferson as a president. and i just think about some of his racial ideologies. particularly in relationship to lincoln. because we don't have a problem calling jefferson a racist, okay? but lincoln embraced some of those same ideologies, and yet it would be controversial to call lincoln a racist. so when the question comes up about the r

states, including his state of virginia and my state of dell care, -- delaware, argued before thurgood marshal and chief council to the naacp and ultimately decided in 1954. but initially after divided court was unable to render judgment because in spring of 1953, chief justice vincent had died leaving the court then in a similar situation as it is now divided on a range of vital and important issues. the good senator from virginia has reminded us that our failure to act now, our failure to do our job and to follow the dictates of our constitution, the language in article 2, the failure of this body to offer any hearing or vote on this very capable circuit court judge sends the wrong message not just here within this country to our citizens but around the world. he spent time that changed his life and perspective in central america as a younger man in a country where judicial independence was a fiction on paper. i, too, spent time in the 1980's in a country known as south africa where this same legal system that existed here under jim crow existed there under the name of apartheid, and it is t

. >> meantime, we have breaking news, involving the control tower at bwi thurgood marshall airport. skyfox there, told bwi tower is evacuating because of fire alarm. of course that means planes won't be taking off nor landing until the situation is we'll keep close eye on this, bring you the updates as soon as we get them. >>> prince william county police say there is no threat to the public after finding 2 people dead inside of an apartment. this discovery was made around 6 45 last night. in the 36 hundred block of injuring and son drive, family member called police after he was unable to contact one of the victims, officers says this incident is not appearing to be random one. edge are ac dollars attack happened on red lion train more than a month ago but the public just learning of this case yesterday when the suspect went to court. bob barnard outside of the glenn month metro station where the attack was reported to have happened. or report today police, i should say, bob, good morning. a woman said she was heading home end of the tuesday morning when she a robing around the for

there is an opinion that thurgood marshall wrote in the 1970s zis senting upholding a jury of less than 12 jurors and he said the right of jury trial in the sixth amendment required 12 persons because that was the original meaning. it is noting in to see his dissebts in heller, justice stevens did it on other occasions in op rentee. so everybody thinks the original meaning accounts for something. i'm not aware of anyone either in the judiciary or the legal academy who thinks the original meaning of a text is absolutely entitled to no weight at all. so at the same time, i don't think there is anyone who is an originalist in the opposite direction, original meaning that is everything and nothing else could be considered such as stereo deseiss is and other types of consideration. it is hard to answer your question. everyone thinks original meaning is something that is considered in interpreting a text, even nonoriginalist but even the most dogmatic originally like judge bourke have acknowledged sometimes you have to reach those results because you with well established precedence on the bo

fox5's bob barnard is in southeast outside thurgood thuoo marshall academy.demy. bob?, hey alliso allison. this is program designed to helh kids who go to d.c. publicli charter schools to really focus on their studies not their their safety. academy school getting ready tor start here on martin luther luer king, jr., avenue southeast shortly. and this is a program thatprogra started at a charter school on capitol hill and is now beingowi spread to all the different dfe charter schools in the city. basically, they're asking for a volunteers and for staff memberm of the schools to basicallyly stand on street corners, lock arms and help get the kids to to and from school without any trouble, without any bullying,in fights, robberies, what have you. we reported over time some ofe o the issues that the kids face,sf we're not far from the anacostia metro station.tati kids come off buses they take tt the metro to school andoo occasionally run into trouble.u. basically, the people whoeople w founded the charter school s system here in the districtin td focus friends of choice

i first met judge garland at the home of one of the key advisers to the legal team, justice thurgood marshall, and others in that case. i was at bill coleman's home, and bill coleman was hosting a dinner to honor the integration of the federal judiciary. we were there, he and i were co-chairing an event that was held here in washington. it was a biannual gathering of all of the federal judges of color called just the beginning can and we are hosting a dinner. he was hosting a dinner with some people, and merrick garland was my dinner made. he sat right next to me. we had a wonderful conversation, got to know him then. and, of course, in later years i obviously followed his work on the court come into at your question directly, was especially impressed with the number of unanimous decisions that the author to which as you pointed out is an indication of a consensus builder. and consensusbuilding was at the very core of the meeting, the importance of brown v. board of education, a unanimous decision. chief justice demanded that it be unanimous and did everything possible to ensure that that wou