. >> tiananmen square became the focal point of the protests. the square is right in front of the great hall of the people, where the seat of chinese government is. it was mind-boggling. i was in the middle of that march. i'm 6'2". i weigh 200 pounds. i was literally swept off my feet by those demonstrators. >> photojournalist jeff widner covered it for the "associated press." >> there was this amazing, uplifting feeling in the air. >> a few weeks later in mid-may, the situation intensified when soviet premier mikhail gorbachev heads to china. for the first sino-soviet meeting in years. >> remains a world turned upside down tonight. he was an advocate in his home country. his visit gave them an opportunity to go to the streets and express themselves in a way they had not before. >> they knew they had the world watching them. >> and this also enraged the chinese authorities who are used to stage managing every photo op. and suddenly they had no control. >> after gorbachev leaves and the protests continue, chinese authorities change their tactics.

people call them the umbrella man of tiananmen square because it was such a bizarre strategy to use menwith umbrellas to stop people from talking about tiananmen. so when i started thinking about writing this book i knew that it was an incredibly sensitive topic and i knew that it would be difficult to write a book like this. so i took all kinds of precautions in order to try to make sure that i had done my research that i needed to do, that i could do the things that i needed to. i set myself all kinds of rules, so i decided never to talk about my book at home and i never talked about it in the office either because i lived in work and a diplomatic compound which was widely believed to be bugged. i also never talked about on the telephone and i never send an e-mail referring to it either. so when i went to interview people i wouldn't even tell them what i was doing. i would say i'm a journalist, a foreign journalist, i meet you? it was only when we were face to face that i would explain what i was doing. i had a brand-new computer that had never been on line and i typed into this compu

there's tiananmen square. are persecute fold that. so it looks very different in china than in europe. i would ask you to bear this in mind as we talk about the wall today. we of course all know that the cold ward ended peacefully, but the people at the time did not know this. as the events unfolded. the images on the minds of protesters were imaging tiananmen square, the lone figure standing in front of tanks. try to keep that image in mind as we talk about 1989. the fall of the berlin wall was not a foregone conclusion. catastrophe loomed around every corner and certainly bloodshed was on the mind of those on the ground. tiananmen square is still a forbidden zone in the people's republic of china. fortunately, we have the opportunity to examine what happened in europe. so the question, of course, is what would happen in eastern europe as gorbachev's reforms gradually created new opportunities? would there be a similar kind of violence as there had been in china? that was an open question in the summer of 198

mary wisely pointed out, that all that occurred in the fall of 1989 in europe happened after tiananmen square leaders on both sides of the crumbling iron curtain drew a direct line between the two. at the moment that the rest of the world shunned chinese visitors following tiananmen, erich honecker of east germany publicly invited chinese officials to teach the stasi what they could about what he called crowd control. honerker used tiananmen as a blunt warning. for bush it was a recurring nightmare. as bush wrote in his diary, "if we mishandle this and get out in front of looking like an american project, you would invite crackdown and negative reaction that would result in bloodshed." bush, therefore, responded by doing and saying as little as possible. hardliners or urged the crowd to violence, practicing what i call hypocratic diplomacy, the determination to first do no harm even if it meant doing nothing in the public eye. why? and this is important. because he believed action carried more risk than potential gain, and because we fundamentally believed that history flowed in washington's

tiananmen square is still a forbidden zone in the people's republic of china.o the question, of course, is what would happen in eastern europe as gorbachev's reforms gradually created new opportunities. would there be a similar kind of violence as there had been in china? that was an open question in the summer of 1989 in cold war europe. this is a map of cold war europe. so in summer of 1989 the beginning of the end and the eastern europe didn't recognize this quickly enough. the beginning of the end came when hungary decided to allow hungarians to cross into austria. in the first instance the hungarians prevented east germans from leaving. there was an existing treaty between hungary and east germany and the hungarians at first respected it. but then hungary decided to let east germans leave as well and they flood out in mass numbers. this is a photo from the east german secret police archives. this is a photo of abandoned vehicles. they had to go down the vehicles and collect these. people waited as long as 16 years to purchase these vehicles. and so abandon

that allever forget that occurred in the fall of 1989 in europe happened after tiananmen square and that leaders on both sides of the crumbling iron curtain drew a direct line between the two. at the moment that the rest of the world shunned chinese visitors following tiananmen square, sarah connor kirk of east germany publicly invited chinese officials to teach the what what they could about he called crowd control. for georgeed -- bush, it was a recurring nightmare. as bush wrote, "if we mishandle , you would invite crackdown and invite negative reaction that could result in bloodshed." bush therefore responded by doing and saying as little as possible lest he riled up hardliners, practicing hippocratic diplomacy. first, do no harm, even if it meant doing nothing. why? because he believed action carried more risk than potential game and because he fundamentally -- that the stream of history would continue to flow in that so longn, washington's, as he did nothing to change its course. democracy was on the rise. freedom was on the march. we were all lucky. it was not all luck. it was als

tiananmen square is still a forbidden zone in the people's republic of china.o the question, of course, is what would happen in eastern europe as gorbachev's reforms gradually created new opportunities. would there be a similar kind of violence as there had been in china? that was an open question in the summer of 1989 in cold war europe. this is a map of cold war europe. so in summer of 1989 the beginning of the end and the eastern europe didn't recognize this quickly enough. the beginning of the end came when hungary decided to allow hungarians to cross into austria. in the first instance the hungarians prevented east germans from leaving. there was an existing treaty between hungary and east germany and the hungarians at first respected it. but then hungary decided to let east germans leave as well and they flood out in mass numbers. this is a photo from the east german secret police archives. this is a photo of abandoned vehicles. they had to go down the vehicles and collect these. people waited as long as 16 years to purchase these vehicles. and so abandon

for the most part, things bro up in tiananmen square. and this is a little bit hyperbolic, but things blow up and james bakker says i'm focused on the soviet union, and leaves it to scowcroft and to others to -- and the president to deal with it and he admits this in his memoirs, baker does, because he says the president was the expert on china and i was trying to deal with complex issues on the other side of the world. interestingly enough, for all the people dealing with china, things go south in china, there are protests that seem optimistic and get repressed. baker says, look, these people are marching just like they are in eastern europe. and i go into a great detail to show thoot, no, they actually were not. yes, they were marching, yes, they were carrying banners saying freedom and democracy and eastern european protesters were smart enough to put those signs in english so they could be read by an international audience. but the chinese students had a different conception of what freedom meant. and that nuance was not seen by the

tiananmen massacre. here human rights watch as the name of 817 victims in rabaa square.as a likely the total number is about 1000. this is a crime against humanity, as amy said. it is a crime is simply should not be forgotten. the government is doing everything it can to sweep it under the rug. they literally built a monument in rabaa square to honor the police and the military. they gave bonuses to people who participated in the shooting. they have not cooperated with investigative attempts. they blocked me at your port when i tried to go present report. the government is stonewalling. it is important we pressed forward. if egypt itself won't investigate a crime of this magnitude, we call on the international community, particularly the u.n. human council.it >> your naming names of those responsible. >> we certainly are. two of the names, currently president sisi, a year ago was the defense minister and deputy prime minister. he was overall in charge. the person designated to run the operation was still current interior minister. going into the massacre from he anticipa

. >> lee wang yang openly criticized the central government since theents in tiananmen square in 1999he died in what looked like suicide. people here in hong kong were really concerned about this. many chinese language newspapers. on the coverage of the south china morning post was very limited. it was relegated to the news brief section. this made many wonder if the south china morning post editorial approach has changed with regards to human rights issues in china. the scmp went public. may when e-mails between alex price, a sub editor were allegedly leaked. a story, it made for interesting reading in june, 2012, in response stoan article in the wall street journal asia edition, wong said, quote, i totally reject the accusations made against me saying i act as a sensor that is totally out of line and totally unquote. go beyond the south china morning post and point to deep kepingsz of some of hong kong's in that media owners and the editors they appoint. charles ho, chairman of the news corporation and richard lee, a 50% owner of the hong kong economic journal are both members of th

and being turned into violence by those who thought it had gone too far, was, of course, was tiananmen squarewhich had happened only a couple months before. time and again, president bush and his staff said to themselves and approached changes in eastern europe by suggesting, let us not go too far in celebrating those who are democratizing from the streets up. let's not celebrate those informers, and those informers, i.e., those who control the communist state have tanks, have guns. and we can see what can happen when they get pushed too far. and ultimately the great fear of the administration was that those conservatives, if you will, within the communist world would react to remove those like gorbachev who tried to push the world through with reform, and we see this fear coming through in august 1991 when there was a conservative coup without a likelihood of success, but nonetheless, the great fear that could generate into civil war ethnic violence and the like. so i argue that there are really two moments, therefore, when president bush essentially took off the hipo drrkscratic lugs, will.

suspects included three man who said -- who authorities say were behind the deadly attack in tiananmen squaret year. others were accused of bomb making and attacking police stations. the number of people killed by last week's landslides have risen to 50 with 38 people still unaccounted for. the hillside collapsed after days of torrential rain. 217 millimeters falling in the area in just three hours. more is forecast for today. prime minister shinzo abe is overseeing the operation. creating a navigation system to ps is beingca's g threatened by satellites being placed in the wrong orbit. they ended up in the wrong place. have thems to 30-satellite network operating by 2020. >> as we know, economics likes to assign value to everything it can. farmers might be pleased to know that an australian study has a sound -- has assigned value to working dogs. >> working dogs are a fixture of australian farm life. it is a skill farmers find especially valuable in the weather and the cold. >> you just bring the dogs out. >> in a study, they have put a price on this work. typically $7,500 per farm dog. the

. >> the idea of shaming the butchers of tiananmen square or shaming a country that just a week ago buzzed the u.s. airplane at 20 feet, a country that is expanding into the east china sea is the dumbest idea since the russian reset. based on the same assumptions that the russians and chinese and others have idealism when it comes to foreign policy. it's a stupid idea. >> is that a misguided grad student mentality? >> first of all, i was hoping charles would have gone someplace. it's really good to see him show up on "the five" for the 83rd time. i wish we could get into the climate discussion. it will go nowhere. this is clearly a violation of the power of the president. >> there you go. >> that doesn't mean i don't support it. >> but at least you realize -- >> he's going to bypass congress. >> when you get a bonding treaty, you can't possibly do that without -- >> why do it? >> i don't know. >> to raise money? >> no, i think it's -- believe it or not, president obama probably believes it. i believe it's a bigger threat. >> that could be it, eric, that he believed it. it's a skewed priori

three were reportedly executed for their roles in an attack in tiananmen square in october of last yearfive people were killed and dozens more injured in that attack. the others were executed related to violence in a western region. china blames religious extremists for unrest in that region. >>> still to come here on cnn, they are revered in india. >> but they're not terribly klei clean, and they could be taken over. >> reporter: monkeys cannot be captured or killed in india. but that's not the only reason there are so many around. take a look at this. >>> hey, there, earn. i want to get you this information just in to cnn. the official french president's office has sent out a tweet indicating that the french prime minister has presented president hollande with the resignation to the government. a new government will be presented on tuesday. as we begin this week, looking into monday, the french president's office sending out a tweet that the french prime minister has presented president hollande with the resignation of the government. we'll have more details on this as soon as they be

. >> it was one of the worst massacres in recent time, very much on par with massacres at tiananmen square in china in 1989 or the massacre in whose pakistan in 2005. this is a crime against inanity and the view of human rights watch, which mandates that the authors be brought to justice. egypt has done nothing to investigate in a public manner this trial. there's been to plead impunity inside egypt. human rights watch is calling on the international community to act. >> kenneth roth and surly whitson had attempted to enter egypt to present the report earlier this week but were detained and turned away by egyptian authorities. and those are some of the headlines. this is democracy now!, democracynow.org, the war and peace report. i'm amy goodman with nermeen shaikh. >> welcome to all our listeners and viewers from around the country and around the world. 130 additional u.s. marines and special forces have been sent to iraq will stop defense secretary chuck hagel made the announcement tuesday speaking to marines at camp pendleton in california. >> i recommended to the president and the pres

we have things like tiananmen square, democratic protests in china which are ultimately met with repression violence and force. simultaneously or almost simultaneously, we have a democratic invasion of panama. we also have the gulf war. we also have events going on in south africa. we have not only the gulf war but further difficulties in the middle east, vis-a-vis ethnic cleansing and vis-a-vis the kurds and speaking of ethnic cleansing, we have the beginning of the tragedy that was post-cold war yugoslavia. looking at these events, it's quite astounding to know that they all occurred within a four-year period of time. in fact, i would make the argument that more occurred during president bush's single term in office on the international scene than faced any other president in u.s. history, with the possible exception of fdr during the height of world war ii. for each of these events, president bush and his staff essentially adopted what i like to call hypocratic diplomacy. that is, first do no harm. the world was in their minds, going in the proper direction. democracy was on the rise. ma

before, unless you were looking at something in the ukraine or maybe 20-some odd years ago at tiananmen squaredon't see it in america. there's not a need forearmered cars and mk-47s and camouflage hoopla that may have evolved into a more serious situation than was already on the scene. i think the fact that the moursz officials brought in the national guard and things have calmed down. the police exacerbated the problem and bringing the force they brought didn't soothe matters, they worsened matters. >> to be sure. claire mccaskill is saying it's time to reconsider tactics. >> after 9/11 in a sometimes knee jerk fashion we began equipping police departments with all kinds of tools that had not been typical of policing in this country. and maybe it's time to look at all of that and make a determination as to how effective is a show of what is military force. >> do you agree with senator mccaskill? >> well, i think we have to reexamine it. i can understand the need possibly if there's a terrorist threat and if -- there could be a terrorist threat with people high cartridge ammunition and weaponr

it looked like what would go on in tiananmen square in beijing. i think people looked at that around the country and said this won't work. we don't want this in the united states of america. rand paul i think really hit the nail on the head and talked about how it created the picture that we were an occupied land. so we want the secretary to re-evaluate this program. not discontinue it, but there have got to be parameters. and i don't think either isis or al qaeda are planning some kind of attack on the mcdonald's in ferguson. >> really quickly here, congressman. as you probably know, last night the crowd considerably smaller and six arrests versus 70 monday into tuesday. are you concerned at all the fact that the protests are considerably smaller than they have been, that that might be some sort of indication that interest in this community, interest in this city has already started to wane? >> no. i think one of the things that i'm thrilled about, and i think others are pleased to see and that is some of the bad guys are going home. the people o

people for terrorism in one province, and the suspects include some behind the deadly attack in tiananmen squareyear. the others were convicted of murder, arson, bomb making, and attacking police stations, and they are cracking down hard on suspected terrorists. there are separatists. and the number of people killed by last year's landslide in hiroshima has gone up, with some people still unaccounted for. it was after days of torrential rain. -- prime minister shinzo abe is overseeing the operation. northern california has been hit by the strongest earthquake and a quarter of a century, the 6.0-magnitude earthquake hitting in the napa valley. they say 120 people were injured, three critically, and power was cut in some areas, and gas leaks caused several fires, and trains have been suspended until tracks and bridges can be examined. and in the northern city of the murder ofas the journalist james foley last week, and memorial services were held for him in the kurdish capital. have ader appears to british accent, and security officials say they are close to identifying him. next, the dollar rise

we also have things on the other side of the globe, tiananmen square which are ultimately met with violence and force. simultaneously we have a democratic invasion of panama. we also have the golf war. we have not just the merfurther difficulties in the middle east visa vie the kurds. looking at all of these events it's actually kwquite astoundin to think that all of them occurred within the same four year period. in fact i would make the argument that more occurred during bush's single term in office on the international scene than faced any president in history with the exception of fdr during world war ii. president bush and his staff adopt hipocratic method. markets were on the rise. the soviet union and communism was clearly on the decline. what would happen when the decline actually occurred was something that no one could put their finger on. bob gates who of course went onto become secretary of defense in later administrations was at this point in time deputy national security advisor and gates who had trained as a historian was fond of going around the white house and telling every

tiananmen square comes to mind, you see that photo. a single person going to stand against the military, style, at least, resistance here. another photograph. there's one of this man hold be a sign that says "go kill isis and leave us alone." tell us about the story of this man and this sign and you ho you got this photograph? >> this man was just a -- a quiet protester. sitting in, i think an authorized protest area there, and he was sitting there holding the sign. he told me he'd been out there several days and had come out with a few different messages. that was one of them. seemed like -- >> you've said that you stay away from protests. usually. why? >> protests, it's not that i stay away from them. it's more that they're not exciting to cover. they're not that interesting, because they get diluted with too many messages and the importance goes away. this protest is different because everybody is staying on message, seems to be an important message and a message i hear a lot from the community, and it's not just michael brown. it's

have people holding their hands up saying don't shoot unarmed and you have guys coming in from tiananmen squarehina and it was no different. >> host: you bring up national stories about this there was a discussion about race relations in the country in the wake of the trayvon martin shooting into the trial last year. do you think anything has changed since those conversations that happened today? >> guest: >> caller: it's obvious that it happened. i've never seen that in america and pointing guns at federal agents and the agents standdown now they are walking around with their hands in the air saying don't shoot and it's like they are so militarized now it looks like something from a third worlthirdworld country. >> host: we will go to mike in des moines iowa. good morning. >> caller: yes, sir. i would like to say right here in des moines iowa we just have a 19-year-old black kid beat to death by a 97-year-old white man, beat his wife, left her for dead. you didn't see anything in the paper or anybody writing about that. i think a lot of times they just use an excuse to riot and pillage this is

-year-old ex i did not fight for our country to see it turned into tiananmen square. that's what we look that up there in missouri. stop thishas got to militarization of our police department. there is right and wrong on both sides, but it can be handled without all of this. it is very scary. by the way, on your guests there, do you still work for fox news? guest: i never -- i would never work for fox news. caller: i appreciate that. host: why do you say that? guest: i have never worked for fox news. host: oxford, georgia. caller: hi. thanks, c-span, for everything y'all do. i wanted to comment on the militarization of the police. it is a microcosm of what's going on in the middle east. arms to supply all the these countries and they use it against their people. , where one black -- and we kid is dead .re out in the streets rioting we are out in the streets rioting over one dedicated. you look at the middle east where we've supplied all these arms and all this weaponry and hundreds of thousands of dead. what it is doing to their citizenry. host: to the point about the

image you normally don't associate with the united states, you associate with tahrir square, tiananmen square what you see in america and it comes about because essentially of a regifting program from the 1990s when the military started to contract and they had all these excess things they needed to get rid of so with grants from homeland security and others and quite frankly steeply discounted rates, local police enforcement across the country have been able to avail themselves of billions of dollars of military hardware to add to their own equipment. >> so they have -- they have these tools now to use and you were telling me during the break that you did a little research into this and some of the organizations that are buying this military equipment, is mind-boggling. >> you've got to ask yourself, there's this one particular vehicle called an armored mine resistant vehicle, essentially something you would take into fallujah, into iraq, that would be very strong and ohio state university bought one and you have to -- >> you have to scratch your head and go why? >> are students getting real

. >> unless we get -- tiananmen square. see now we're off. >> right. >> now we're off the air.not listening. >> that doesn't matter. you know what happens -- no they're very good in china. they're not as bad as what you hear. >> okay. you got a little bit of a vested interest there now. >> i do. >> are they going to come, so the places where there are arenas, so there will be a businessman where there's an arena -- >> every city in china. there's 20 cities bigger than new york city. and they -- >> they have arenas all over the place. >> so that's why the nfl has problems. they did not want to build arenas all over the city. it was too expensive. the government owns the arenas and the football fields. they don't want to spend the money for it. plus the people don't like to be outdoors. it's indoor sports. >> we hear about macau, there is some election and we all like to gamble to some extent. are they going to be able to gamble? >> this was my gamble. >> can you bet on sports? can you bet on this? >> china is against sports. macau is okay. but china is against -- >> sports betti

we also have things on the other side of the globe, tiananmen square which are ultimately met with violence and force. simultaneously we have a democratic invasion of panama. we also have the golf war. we have not just the merfurther difficulties in the middle east visa vie the kurds. looking at all of these events it's actually kwquite astoundin to think that all of them occurred within the same four year period. in fact i would make the argument that more occurred during bush's single term in office on the international scene than faced any president in history with the exception of fdr during world war ii. president bush and his staff adopt hipocratic method. markets were on the rise. the soviet union and communism was clearly on the decline. what would happen when the decline actually occurred was something that no one could put their finger on. bob gates who of course went onto become secretary of defense in later administrations was at this point in time deputy national security advisor and gates who had trained as a historian was fond of going around the white house and telling every