welcome tim sandefur. [applause] >> thank you very much. it's an honor to be here. kind of hard to see. i see old friends out there including alan gura who is one of the inspirations of this book. what came to mind that alan and some other friends of mine were having a passage from james madison 1792 essay, charters. madison starts out by saying in europe, charters of liberty have been granted by power. america has set the example of charters of power granted by liberty about. this revolution in the practice of the world may with an honest praise be pronounced the most triumphant epic in its history. what madison meant, unlike the old documents of the english civil war, of the glorious revolution, those documents all gave freedoms to the people or purported to. whereas the american revolution was founded on the opposite principle, that people are basically free and create the government through the their own agreements to the constitutions and so forth. contrast this for instance, contrast the opening the declaration with the constitution with the language of the ma