that is embodied by vladimir putin, and which is inspired and informed every step of the way as tim snyder points out by one ivan ilyin. quoting snyder, putin has used ilyin's ideas about geopolitics to portray ukraine, europe and the united states as existential dangers to russia. joining me now is yale historian tim snyder who drew attention to ilyin's role in the rise of fascism or putinism in "the road to unfreedom." tim, thanks for coming back on the show. first off, thank you for your work on all of this, for highlighting the influence of this guy, ivan ilyin, on putin. what would ilyin make of putin's presidency and his invasion of ukraine? >> well, on the presidency, he would very much approve. ilyin's idea of politics was that a one-party state was too much. there really should be zero parties. there should just be a leader. incidentally, putin had the article which said that sent to everyone in his party so they would know just how important they were. he thought that a state should exist for the leader. there should be for institutional barriers. we see that in russia today with

tim snyder, appreciate it. >>> next we are live in lviv, ukraine with the alleged use of hyperonic missiles. s onic missi. . are you taking a statin drug to reduce cholesterol? it can also deplete your coq10 levels. i recommend considering qunol coq10 along with your statin medication. the brand i trust is qunol. inner voice (kombucha brewer): as a new small business owner, i find it useful to dramatically stare out of the window... ...so that no one knows i'm secretly terrified inside. inner voice (sneaker shop owner): i'm using hand gestures and pointing... ...so no one can tell i'm unsure about my business finances. inner voice (furniture maker): i'm constantly nodding... ...because i know everything about furniture... ...but with the business side... ...i'm feeling a little lost. quickbooks can help. an easy way to get paid, pay your staff and know where your business stands. new business? no problem. yeah. success starts with intuit quickbooks. you're pretty particular about keeping a healthy body. what goes on it... usually. ♪♪ in it... mostly. even what gets near your body. please pl

. >> tim snyder, and evelyn kicking us off tonight. thank you both. now from lviv, ukraine, the western part of the country. >> ari, hey, good evening. we'll start in mariupol where we have been starting things off, the situation there. we had a break there in the fighting today. 2,000 cars were able to get out of that city, that port city where some 400,000 people are trapped. good news today, finally for the first time, some folks able to get out. the situation remains dire for the people who are trapped tlrks -- trapped. the shelling continuing. russian troops took a hospital. 400 russian troops bedding down in the hospital. another site they seem to be used as a base. nuclear sites as base, and now apparently hospitals as well. in kyiv, this remarkable moment of diplomacy. you have three prime ministers from european countries actually get on the train where i am in lviv, taking a train to kyiv, a city under shelling, that had four separate apartment buildings hit today by shells, the prime ministers of slovenia, poland, in that city meeting with

you know, tim snyder, the historian at yale, says journalists -- including you -- are the heroes of ourviding the truth. they are providing the eyes on what's really happening. i think we're getting a good view, probably better view than any other war in history. howard: yeah. part of that is technology, part of that is the bravery. i'm not a hero. the people at this network and many many other organizations are risking their lives and we talked about the casualties earlier are the ones that deserve the credit. the daily assault of the apartment buildings, the children's hospital, would you have thought a month ago as guy who knows this region that putin was capable of this? is there anything about this level of brutality that surprises you? >> the level of brutality surprises me totally. that said, he's done it before. he's done it in grossny. he's done it in syria, in aleppo. so we shouldn't be surprised that he could do this kind of thing. however, seeing -- knowing those neighborhoods, seeing those churches, seeing those people who are devastated, that's wrenching. and it has to be

coming up, professor tim snyder will join us next to explain why putin's propaganda depends on the ideahave taken over ukraine. taken over ukraine lon cancer because of my late husband jay. i wish he could have seen our daughter ellie get married, on the best day of her life. but colon cancer took him from us, like it's taken so many others. that's why i've made it my mission to talk about getting screened and ask people to share their reasons why. i screen for my growing family. being with them means everything to me. i screen for my girls. they're always surprising me. i screen for my son. i'm his biggest fan. if you're 45 or older and at average risk, it's time to screen. today, there are more screening options than ever before, including cologuard. cologuard is noninvasive and finds 92% of colon cancers, even in early stages. it's not for those at high risk. false positive and negative results may occur. ask your provider if cologuard is right for you. everyone has a reason to screen for colon cancer. if you're 45 or older, get started at missiontoscreen.com ♪ ♪ introducing the all-

snyder, a history professor. he's also written several books including on tyranny and the road to freedom, the rise of authoritarianism. and this is your wheelhouse. this is a region you know well, timhave to ask about minutes before our show what we heard from putin. he said the military operation is going according to plan, that all tasks are being successfully carried out. this is a man who seems completely detached from reality. what's your take? >> it seems clear that the first version of the plan failed. the first version of the plan, which we know, because things were accidentally published by the russians themselves, was within a day or so to take over the territory of ukraine, capture civic and political leaders, presumably execute them or put them on trial. and the idea was the rest of the ukrainian nation would just go along with this. that has clearly not happened, so we're now on plan b which seems not so much to be a plan as just a kind of general raging chaotic action to try to control all of ukrainian territory, come what may. so clearly things are not going according to plan, but that doesn't mean that things are not good. it means we have an angry resistant tyranni