to her leaf, tom keeting, a formal managing director for jpmorgan and scholar of terror threat financing. beth, i want to start with you. when i began to look at this issue back in 2012, i didn't start looking at foreign financing for extremist groups in syria. i was mainly focused on the groups in syria, particularly one of the larger groups, and they are one of the more vocal groups op line. they put a lot of material out on facebook and on twitter, and i noticed several times they would give very public shoutouts to individuals in the gulf, and thanking them for money and material they were sending to the group in syria. i was looking around trying to find more information. there was not a lot in the press. you had to follow this stuff in arabic on social media. yours was the only article i found, and this was back, i think, in early 2013, one of the first mention of this fund jpmorgan raising going on in the gulf, and for that reason, that's why mark lynch and i collaborated to send you over to kuwait to do honest to god field work to see what the funding networks are like. how did t