times are changing in tonga. new markets have opened in asia. there was a tongan merchant marine with vessels built in europe. the planes will bring more and more tourists to the friendly island. more islanders will leave to study in other countries. under the leadership of the queen and the prime minister, tonga's isolation is disappearing. the latest government has been prudent and progressive. its rule of prosperity without destroying traditional customs. looking forward to the expansion of trade, the government carefully considered the effective increase of cutbacks to the outside world. it was realized there was a very definite and growing threat to the tongan people. the population was totally unprotected against smallpox. and smallpox is a disease which is rampant throughout southeast asia. this was tonga's problem, to vaccinate a vulnerable population of 70,000 against smallpox. to those to do it immediately and inexpensively. ♪ [singing] ♪ >> the party came to tonga in march of 1964 in response to a request by the tongan government. the

this was tonga's problem, to vaccinate a highly vulnerable population of 70,000 against my pox.do -- against smallpox. to do it effectively, immediately, and inexpensively. ♪ [traditional singing] [children and adults singing] ♪ inour party came to tonga march, 1964, in response to a cross by the -- in response to a request by the tongan government, physicians and an equipment specialist. we were going to evaluate any rapid and extensive means of giving smallpox vaccinations. working together with a team of tongan medical personnel who would begin immediately in the capital city, population 20,000, we planned to immunize everyone in the city within a few days. the instrument that would make it possible was a jet injection gun. this device can deliver injections as fast as you can pull the trigger. the gun is simple to operate and ensures that in the proper amount of vaccine under the skin. the gun is operated by a foot pedal. you press the pedal and pulled the trigger. this model is equipped with a new feature, at intradermal nozzle forgetting injections into the superficial lay

of tonga.ne supportive call for wandering yankee whalers, this island group lies apart from regular trade routes. so for centuries its people have been isolated with only occasional visitors and a small trait in copra and bananas. the times are changing. new markets for copra are opened have opened in asia. there was a tongan merchant marine with modern vessels built in europe. the planes will bring more and more tourists to the friendly islands. more and more islanders will leave to study in other countries. under the leadership of her majesty the queen and the prince, tonga's relative isolation is disappearing. the latest government has been prudent and progressive. it brought prosperity without destroying traditional customs. looking forward to the expansion of trade, the government carefully considered the effect of increased contact with the outside world. it was realized there was a very definite and growing threat to the tongan people. totallylation was unprotected against smallpox. smal

and march of 1964 by request by the tonga government.t

but times are changing in tonga. new markets for bananas have opened in asia. there was a tall and in merchant arena. the planes will bring more and more tourists to the friendly island. more and more islands will leave for other countries. under the leadership of her majesty her and the prime minister, tonga's relative isolation is disappearing. the native government has been progressive imprudent. the benevolent rule has brought prosperity without throwing away traditional customs. the government carefully considered the effect of increased contact with the outside world. it was realize that there was a deference and growing threat to the tongue in people. the population was totally unprotected against smallpox. smallpox is a disease which is rampant in southeast asia. this was a tongass problem, to vaccinate a highly vulnerable population of 70,000 against smallpox. and it was effective to do it immediately, to do it in extensively. our party came to tonga in march 1964 in response to a request from the government. there were five of us from the u.s., for ph

. ♪ ♪ >> our party came to tonga and march of 1964 by request by the tonga government.y needed physicians and equipment specialists. we are going to evaluate -- working together with a team of tonga medical personnel, began immediately in the capital city. population 20,000. they planned to immunize everyone in a few days. the instrument that would make it possible was this gun. it can deliver injections as fast as you could pull the trigger. the gun is simple to operate and you get a proper vaccination under the skin. this model is equipped with a new feature. an intruder mall nozzle forgiving injections in the superficial layers of the skin as you must for smallpox vaccine. the gun is completely portable. the whole package weighs about 12 pounds. knowing that something would have to be done to get the populace interested in the immunization, we have prepared some informational material. films and posters telling about smallpox, and the importance of vaccination. we delayed most of the actual planning until after we arrived. our associates worked with us closely. they

after that, in 50 minutes, miracle in tonga this film tells , the story of a group of cdc doctors who traveled to the island nation of tonga to immunize the population against smallpox, using a new jet injection gun. finally, in 65 minutes, we complete our look at vaccines and disease prevention with flags and politics, the story of the united states public health politics, plagues and the story of the united states public health service. this marks the bicentennial of the service founded in 1798. ♪ [old time music] >> and now, let us go back 300 years to london. in a famous diary, we read of a was typical oft then and the preceding ages, an epidemic of leg that have been raging in europe broke out with a fearful frenzy in england's capital in 1665. hundreds fell ill every day. many of them died. people were stricken on the streets. from the victims for fear of the dread disease. but, by far the most horrible element of the tragedy was the mystery of its origins. no one knew what or who carried the plague. finally came by way of this odd contraption. does anyone know what this is? >>

but times are changing in tonga. new markets for bananas have opened in a

from 1965, a film produced by the center in atlanta, "miracle in tonga." travel to the island to immunize the population against smallpox using a new jet injector gun. the population of approximately 70,000 had been isolated from smallpox. but in the 1960's, it was feared that increased world travel, trade and tourism put the population at risk. on may 8, 1980, the 33rd world health assembly declared the world free of smallpox. this film is part of the u.s. national libraries collection. ♪ far out in the south pacific, thousand miles north of new zealand is the reach of tonga. rises apart from others. for centuries, its people have been relatively isolated, with only occasional visitors and a small trade for bananas. .imes are changing in tonga new markets have opened in asia.

and then tonga, two days later the borders closed and that no—one can leave and we were stuck therefor five months and then i was hearing from government from other pacific islands that i would not be able to visit the other countries for 18 months, two years, and i decided after that that i would just leave. many people say can i do it? just do it and make it work so we always reverse engineer what we want to do. we say this is our goal and how can i make it happen? i did it because it was my dream since i was young and my dream was to see as much of the world as possible, to travel, see loads of different countries and i did a pretty good job with that so i'm definitely not disappointed! you have to understand your reasons for doing this. for some people, it is escapism, they want to get out of a rut and they think travel is like a holiday, an escape, but your why will colour the experience you have. i'm in the mountains of afghanistan and it is super beautiful, so nice. one of my favourite countries was afghanistan. it was a country everyone was scared of and i was scared of it b

and then once i got to tonga, two days later, they closed all the borders and that no—one can leavering from government from other pacific islands that i would not be able to visit any of the other countries for 18 months, two years, and i decided after that that i would just leave. a lot of people say can i do it? just do it and make it work. so we always reverse engineer what we want to do. we say this is our goal, this is what we want to do, and how can i make it happen? i did it because it was my dream since i was really young and my dream was to see as much of the world as possible, to travel, see loads of different countries and i did a pretty good job of that, so i'm definitely not disappointed! you have to understand your reasons for doing this. for some people, it is escapism — they want to get out of a rut and they think travel is like a holiday, an escape, but your ‘why‘ will really colour the kind of experience you do have. i‘m in the mountains of afghanistan and it is super beautiful, so nice. one of my favourite countries in the world was actually afghanistan. it was a

and then tonga, two days later the borders closed and that no—one can leave and we were stuck therewaited for five months and then i was hearing from government from other pacific islands that i would not be able to visit the other countries for 18 months, two years, andl countries for 18 months, two years, and i decided after that that i would just leave. many people say can i do it? just do it and make it work so we a lwa ys it and make it work so we always reverse engineer what we wa nt to always reverse engineer what we want to do. we say this is our goal and how can i make it happen? i did it because it was my dream since i was young and my dream since i was young and my dream since i was young and my dream was to see as much of the world as possible, to travel, see loads of different countries and i did a pretty good job with that so i'm definitely not disappointed! you have to understand your reasons for doing this. for some people, it is escapism, they want to get out of a rut and they think travel is like a holiday, an escape, but you and your rival, the you have. i'm in th

> far out in the south pacific, 1000 miles north of new zealand, long swells burst on the reefs of tongaee whalers, this island group lies apart from regular trade routes. so for centuries its people have been isolated with only occasional visitors and a small trait in copra and bananas. the times are changing. new markets for copra are opened have opened in asia.

after that, in 50 minutes, "miracle in tonga" tells the story of a group of cdc doctors who traveledo the island nation of tonga to immunize the population against smallpox, using a new jet injection gun. finally, in 65 minutes, we complete our look at vaccines and disease prevention with

the storm will continue to move toward the south and east and impact tonga and eventually go out into the open waters, but at least for the next 24 hours or so, we're still talking about rain, heavy at times, along with the strong winds as the storm continues to move down south. meanwhile, across japan, more snow taking place from the northern areas along the sea of japan, back down toward the south and west. we will still see snow continuing, though the pattern changes a little bit as low pressure runs over northern portions of the country with a cold front attached to that. we will see snow in places like sapporo into the weekend and the first part of next week. tokyo, osaka, fukuoka, temperatures around 10 under partly cloudy skies for the weekend and into the first part of next week. we broaden out the view. high pressure is controlling the weather across east asia, and that's driving in some of that northerly flow. that's keeping things quite chilly. in fact, we're looking at temperatures below freezing on saturday for daytime highs. single-digit highs from beijing and shanghai.

resources close to a cup or to a company we visited and learning how which encourages young people to tonga business visions into reality. our house collapsed when the mother died from injuries she suffered so i turned to my pin for post into a motivation. i never knew that's what i'm doing. this big to me and to the environment. i thought about i thought discriminated because of my often falling sick from malaria i am now part of the solution in my country. 2 people each with a vision journo's a bigger producers so quick to say that repels mosquito according to the un every 2 minutes a child under the age of 5 dies of malaria. even if i'm not saving all the kids that are suffering right now i am saving the ones that i can john merrick who is founder and director of the green business up cycle africa which builds houses out of recycled plastic bottles. consumer and elevator are graduates of the social innovation academy all seen official so. it's located in the town of p.v. about 30 kilometers south of uganda's capital kampala. here young people including oftens and street kids learn how to

cheering samoa and tonga already welcoming in the new year, 2021, ahead of new zealand, but aucklandst major world city to welcoming the new year and say goodbye to 2020. a year that i think most of us will be glad to see the buckle. with hopes that 2021 will bring a much better and healthier here for all of us —— glad to see the back of. how lovely to see that scene in auckland. borisjohnson‘s trade deal with the european union has become law. the bill has cleared the uk parliament, after being approved by mps and peers. 0vernight it was given royal assent by the queen. the deal takes effect at 11pm when the uk will stop following eu rules. here's our political correspondent, chris mason. this was the moment, late into the night, when the brexit trade deal became the law of the land. her majesty has signified her royal assent to the following act — european union future relationship act 2020. the final confirmation that, at 11 o'clock tonight, after four and a half years of argument since the referendum, the uk will begin a new relationship with the european union. if you're thinkin

after that, in 50 minutes, miracle in tonga this film tells , the story of a group of cdc doctors who traveled to the island nation of tonga to immunize the population against smallpox, using a new jet injection gun. finally, in 65 minutes, we complete our look at vaccines and disease prevention with flags and politics, the story of the united states public health politics, plagues and the story of the united states public health service. this marks the bicentennial of the service founded in 1798. ♪

ples dating back to slavery and other examples like what has happened with henrietta lacks in the tonga—— tunguskee experiments. on the other hand we have people who want this and may not be able to get it and those of us not be able to get it and those of us who are leaders in the african—american community, i was just on a call with some leading infectious disease physicians and the infectious disease society of america's minority interest group in their concern was twofold. vaccine must be addressed but in parallel we must be addressed but in parallel we must have a plan to make sure that those who want to tell able to get it in communities that often don't have the funding or the policies to support it, and there is community partnership ready to go to make sure this happens. thank you forjoining us. batches of the pfizer—biontech coronavirus vaccine have begun arriving at hospitals in england ahead of the first jabs being administered on tuesday. a senior health offical says it's the ‘beginning of the end' of the pandemic. our science editor david shukman reports. an unmarked van a

has decided to award the 2020 nobel peace price to the world food program for its efforts to combat tonga. for its contribution to bettering conditions for peace in conflict affected areas and for acting as a driving force in the efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict we also believe that the world food program a united nations humanitarian agency with global responsibility represents exactly the kind of international cooperation and commitment that the world is in dire need of today under normal circumstances i would have presented the award to you personally in the city hall at a later point we hope next year we will be honored to welcome you to oslo so that you may deliver the nobel lecture on behalf of the w a p we will then have the opportunity to celebrate this year's peace prize in the proper customary way since you cannot be here today your noble prize medal under plough man have been brought to rome instead on behalf of the norwegian nobel committee they will now be presented to you by lisa politike lark co president of the international peace. which