the trail of tears were african slaves in every combination. there was a republican leadership among the cherokee people. we want to narrow our membership. these are not part of the cherokee nation. it caused a big your. the guy who took that position whose last name was chad smith, lost in the most recent election. we will see if the new chief takes a broader view because historically speaking, it is really perverse to eliminate the business of the freed men has not members of the cherokee nation. that is what is going on. the turkeys are not immune to the struggle over what is raise? what does it mean today? it is constantly fought over. >> i don't know for certain but i believe going one eighth -- 7/8 white house like don ross to be considered an indian. so it is -- benefits the 7 eighth by their ancestors. >> try to find a balance between being as inclusive as they can between tribal membership and keep the wallabies off the list and great great grandmother who was definitely a cherokee. it has become difficult to prove certification and all

so in some ways the principal tragedy of the trail of tears lies in the heart wrenching treasury that the accounts of the united states. most accounts focused on is identifiable villains, victims and heroes. from the indian fighting and he checks into his land hungry southern white coconspirators, villains are easy to spot. the cherokees themselves are often depicted as hopelessly naÏve in their belief that thanks to their successful embrace of the civilized life they would be spared to the relentless determination among white leaders and settlers to take over indian lands in the southeast. center stage as the main protagonists in this traditional account is chief john ross for his lockable, tenacious struggle to save the homeland and keep the tribe together. such a narrative is accurate as far as it goes. but it doesn't go far enough. a fuller perspective on the trail of tears takes into the minds and hearts of those cherokees have fought each other just as fiercely as they took on andrew jackson of what they saw as the very soul of the cherokee people. what they were fighting over i

boudinot and ridges -- [inaudible] as the trail of tears tragically demonstrates, race remained a key social divide in public life making much of america a white man's country. thank you. [applause] i'll be glad to take questions and hear commentary, whatever you'd like. by all means, yes. [audio difficulty] >> in the review, the paper written by rob knew fed, in the end he says that jackson after the battle of -- [inaudible] adopted a 1-year-old boy, an indian boy who was found on his dead mother's body. and then it states -- so, first, he adopts the boy, then it states that he took him to his estate and be confined him there, and then it says he died of infection, and he mourned his loss. now, was andrew jackson -- how did he feel about this child? >> that's a -- i use that same anecdote to make that point. i think it's most persuasive -- [inaudible] [audio difficulty] this was his adopted son who he, it is fair to say that he protected him and treated him kindly. and i think if you look at the way he was treated in the house, it was exactly like a pet. a loved and honored pet, but

everyone knows about the trail of tears the cherokee nation. all thirty nine tribes in oklahoma have a trail of tears story because their north. of the club was originally from the mississippi delta the mouth of the arkansas river mississippi river all the way across southern oklahoma was originally as they were discovered there in seventeen sixty seven by the french and at the time the discovery of vesta made the quapaw could feel seven to eight thousand more years which put the estimate in a population of about thirty five thousand kuapa the major village was so gop and today they call themselves the goblin. is french perversion and. you know it just kind of fell that way so here and seven hundred sixty seven smallpox plague hits the try and diggins to wipe them out and you can read it in the record and congressional record i've read it says that the cloth policies are no longer the tried they used to be cough was do not have the right to occupy the whole southern half of arkansas and we need to take that and give them a reservation more fitti

cherokee with the trail of tears. the long walk, if you know the history, and of course, mostly everybody in the room does, it is a two-way walk. a long walk away. it was a long walk back home, too. we're engaged as native americans in a very long walk. the longest walk in american history. and much of it as a walk away from who we were. sometimes forced relocation. sometimes forced assimilation. sometimes forced efforts to literally eliminate tribal governments all together. now, i think we're at the turning point and long walk back. the long walk back home. the long walk back to retaining our sovereignty and retaining our identity and retaining and celebrating the unique contribution that each and every indian nation makes to this wonderful nation that we all call the united states of america. thank you very much. [ applause ] . >> from the newseum here in washington d.c., tom cole of oklahoma who is a member of the chickasaw nation. he delivered his response to the state of indian address that took place earlier tod

of cose, famously cried last friday. he did a local television interview in des moines last night and he cried there as well. so the camign trail may be a trail of tears for him. >> rose: charlie? newt gingrich? >> wow, i... you know, speaker gingrich is complaining about all th negative ads that are gog against him. >> rose: he's crying over the negative ads. >> but thehing aut it is negative ads are brutal when they have something to work with. and one of the things when gingrich first got in this rac and a lot of us were watching sway that much baggage typically a campaign has a file folder of good opposition research on their opponent. this is like multiple file cabinets of material is the devastating... the material is do so good. a lot of people that love gingrich, like him a great deal were saying "don't do this, don't get in this race. this isn'toing to end well." because we knew... people knew what was going to get thrown at him. and it has. and it worked and that's just the way it is. but i thought this was fairly predictable. >> rose: you have said to me repeatedly "don't count gingrich out." why do you say that? >> i think you can't count

in oklahoma the cherokees with the trail of tears. there are so many of our tribes. long walk, you know the history of course almost everyone in this room does is a two-way walk. it's a long walk away, but it's a long walk back home too. we are engaged as native americans in a very long walk, the longest walk in american history and much of it is a walk away from who we were. sometimes forced relocation, sometimes forced assimilation, sometimes forced efforts to literally eliminate tribal governments altogether but we are now i think it the turning point or in the long walk back. the long walk back home, the long walk back to retaining our sovereignty, retaining our identity and retaining the unique contribution that each and every indian nation makes with this wonderful nation we all call the united states of america. thank you very much. [applause] [applause] >> and now you well know why we are so proud of our and rolled chickasaw member of congress. and his profound words that he shared with us today. today we also are honored to be able to be joined by two other

it's a little bit different that a lot of traditions in oklahoma, like the cherokees with the trail of tearsr forced removal or so many of our tribes, the long walk, if you know the history, as most everybody in this room does, is a two-way walk. it's a long walk away, but there's a long walk back home, too. we're engaged as native americans in a very long walk, the longest walk in american history. much of it is a walk away from who we were. sometimes forced relocation, sometimes forced assimilation, sometimes forced efforts to literally eliminate tribal governments all together. we're now, i think, at the turning point and at the long walk back, the long walk back home, the long walk back to retaining our sovereignty, retaining our identity, and retaining and celebrating the unique contribution that each and every indian nation makes to this wonderful nation that we all call the united states of america. thank you very much. and now you all know why we're so proud of our enrolled chickasaw member of congress and his profound words that he shared with us today. today we also are honored to

trailing with 13 seconds to go. and there is vernon davis again. tears of joy. 49ers win 36-32. they are headed to the nfc championship game. mindy bach has more. >> reporter: well, henry, vernon davis admitted he got off to a slow start in the season as he tried to learn jim harbaugh greg roman's new offense. he was coming off the end of the season. 49er touchdown score in the first half. at halftime he made an emotional plea to his teammates to trust in each other as they finished out this game. at the end of the game they put their trust in vernon davis. the first time a call was ever made to go to him, vernon davis delivered with a game-winning touchdown. >> vernon came on the way that we knew he could play. and today, man, i had to tell him on the sideline when he scored that -- made that catch and scored that touchdown i loved him to death. he saved my heart. i was hurting. i was hurting bad. that's what i love most about my teammates. when you feel at your lowest they'll find a way to pull you back up. my hat goes off to each and every one of these individuals on this tea

tear gas and flash bang grenades. a roaming band of "occupy" oakland protesters left a trail of destruction in its path and with almost every available officer on duty, oakland says 200 emergency calls went unanswered during the chaos. the protest started with a march to laney college where they faced off with police. vowing to occupy a vacant building, the group headed to the kaiser convention center where they started tearing down the fence. at night fell, the group stormed the downtown ymca building on broadway and 24 them street. police moved in and made arrests. nearly 400 in all-including protesters who broke into city hall. we had first-hand look at the damage inside the building. >> during an early morning show and tell tour, mayor jean kwan describes the damage to city hall. >> i think it was probably the architect's model. we got it from the museum. >> the original architectural model. >> that's what they think. >> which would make the model more than a century old. other damage was a smashed window, graffiti, and the california and united states flags were yanked from their place on the mezzanine. >> i'm ti

they have to deal with all the tears and it's nonsense but on the other hand it's polluting my society and we start to get like that over the years one of the major trails into the united states. you can see i will walk places. like a trail in a park in central park. a. place you can down here when they come in the coyotes use these things for the markets so when he's coming in he sees the reflection of the light off this the rest of the can is black he takes his people past. slips the can around when he's making his return the moonlight lights up his little silver bottom and he's in and he's out. in order from there are four of us. we are from we come from the same area we're all friends. if catches us and throws us back. we'll go back together the four of us. we have to look for other ways to earn money we have to work outside the area we live to find a bit of money. in mexico we get paid one hundred pesos per day that's about seven us dollars but now one hundred pesos a day isn't enough food costs about fifty pesos over there for example what we just did here cost fifty pesos before tax we are in a day is only enough to eat twice a day and then the m

of the hour. >>> there's new involving rick san tear yum. he spent the day off the campaign trail at home in pennsylvania, and just minutes ago his campaign announced he was canceling events surnd morning in florida because his 3-year-old daughter bella has been hospitalized. santorum speaks about her on on the campaign trail. >>> a programming reminder for you. keep it on cnn for the florida primary on tuesday night. the special coverage will begin at 6:00 p.m. eastern. >>> in oakland, california, tonight, we haven't seen this ruckus at an "occupy" protests in weeks. tear gas, smoke and protesters on the ground. there's dark from our affiliate kgo, police have been corralling hundreds of occupiers at a ymca building of the this stand offhas been going on for hours. >> whose's streets? >> our streets. >> the protesters called it move in day. police declared an unlawful assembly and moved to detain them. police say the protesters hit them with bottles, met pipes, rocks, spray cans and even ieds and burning flaring. officers through tear gas and snow gree grades to disperse the crow

of allegiance. her rare appearance brought the crowd to tears. >>> different rally last night. mitt romney on the campaign trail with new jersey governor chris christie. when it looked like occupy protesters were going to get loud, christie turned it into an attack against the president. >> this is the time of disorientated anger your cynicism and your division is causing our country. bring our country together. stop dividing it, mr. president. on second thought, mr. president, if you're up there in the family quarters of the white house, put your feet up and don't worry about it. mitt romney is going to bring america together. >>> bright lights of hollywood may have been too much for bristol palin. she moved back to alaska and is back at her old job as a receptionist at a dermatology office. she's not seeing her ex. we thought you would want to know that. >>> the obama campaign has seven offices across the tiny granite state. another sign of the organizational strength of the re-election campaign. that's not all. the unemployment rate nationally has slipped to a three-year low. 8.5% after a robust 200,000 jobs

tearing up. we followed it all on "the trail." >> looks like more cameras than there used to be. >> one of the presidents think it's okay to have nuclear weapons. >> i love iowa but i hate washington courts. and senator santorum he loaded up his bills with pennsylvania. >> looks like he is ready for the game. >> bye everybody. thank you. thank you. >> i am an angel. >> we are going to take ron paul all of the way to the white house. >> he told me specifically he was offered money a great deal of money from the ron paul campaign. that's why he was leaving. >> that conversation didn't happen. >> comes indirectly from dealing with the real problems of real people in my family. it could be worse. can you image hearing that from a pessimistic president. it could be worse. that comes down to marie antoinette. eat cake. >> the parallels become eerily apparent. >> i don't know what the ult ares will be but i am optimistic we are moving in the right direction. >> we are doing eerily well based on what we saw on the ground. >> backing me is the vote that leads me to become the nominee. >> it will only get more intense in the final hours

tearing up. and we followed it all on the trail. it does look like there are more cameras than there used to be. >> one of the people running for presidentnks it is okay for iran to have a nuclear weapon. i don't. >> i love iowa pork but i hate washington pork. and senator santorum he loaded up his bills with pennsylvania pork. >> he looks like he's ready for the game. >> bye, everybody. thank you, thank you. >> come on. we are going to take ron paul all the way to the white house. >> he told me specifically that he was offered a great deal of money from the ron paul campaign and that's why he was leaving. >> that conversation did not happen. >> comes directly from -- from dealing you know, the real problems of real people in my family. [applause] ♪ it cld be worse, can you imagine hearing that from a pessimistic president. that goes down with marian tonet let them eat cake. >> perlels of this president and jimmie carter are apparent. >> the first in the caucaus is our goal. >> i don't know the resultings but i am optmistic we are move nothing the right direction. >> we think we are doing well basod what we see in the ground. >> i want t

tearing up. and we followed it all on the trail. >>> looks like there are more cameras than there used to be. >> actually one of the people runningor president thinks it is okay for iran to have a nuclear weapon. i don't. >> i love, iowa pork but i hate, washington pork. and senator santorum, he loaded up his bills with pennsylvania pork. >> looks like he is ready for the game. >> oh, yeah. >> bye, everybody, thank you. thank you. >> we are going to take ron paul all the way to the white house. >> he had told me specifically that he was offered money, a great deal of money from the ron paul campaign and that is why he was leaving. >> that conversation did not happen. >> come indirectly from dealing -- >> from dealing with, you know, the real problems of real people in my family. >> it could be worse. can you imagine hearing that from a pessimistic president, it could be worse? that goes down with marie antoinette let them eat cake. >> coming in first in the caucuses is our goal. >> i am optimistic we are moving in the right direction. >> we think we will do well, again based upon what we saw on the ground. >> i want to make sure

tearing up. and we followed it all on the trail. >>> looks like there are more cameras than there used to be. >> actually one of the people running for president thinks it is okay for iran to have a nuclear weapon. i don't. >> i love, iowa pork but i hate, washington pork. and senator santorum, he loaded up his bills with pennsylvania pork. >> looks like he is ready for the game. >> oh, yeah. >> bye, everybody, thank you. thank you. >> we are going to take ron paul all the way to the white house. >> he had told me specifically that he was offered money, a great deal of money from the ron paul campaign and that is why he was leaving. >> that conversation did not happen. >> come indirectly from dealing -- >> from dealing with, you know, the real problems of real people in my family. >> it could be worse. can you imagine hearing that from a pessimistic president, it could be worse? that goes down with marie antoinette let them eat cake. >> coming in first in the caucuses is our goal. >> i am optimistic we are moving in the right direction. >> we think we will do well, again based upon what we saw on the ground. >> i want to make sur