railroad. it came down to really being between seattle, tacoma, and olympia. by 1873, early 1873, the transcontinental was being built in two directions. it was not just -- it was not just one railhead. congress in the charter for the railroad had dictatedthis section from the columbia river to puget sound needed to be completed and the railroad company needed to bring steam engines to salt water by december 1873. in july of that year, thetracks had been laid from the columbia about half way to where it is today on i-5. in july of that year, the robert litan entertaining offers in the various communities. cash, land, port facilities, whatever a community or city could put together to lower the railroad there. in july of 1873, july 14, the final decision between seattle and tacoma was made. tacoma was selected. the terminal city, the choice for the conclusion ofthe line that was set up not only to be an arrival point for goods and travelers but also for the arrival of the telegraph, which meant news and banking and medications that communications. -- communications. the course was a big deal for the fa

railroad. being betweeno seattle, tacoma and olympia. by 1873, by early 1873, the transcontinental was being built in two directions. rail,n't have just one the big decision was congress in the charter for the railroad had dictated that the section from the columbia river needed to be completed and the railroad company needed to bring steam engines to saltwater by december of 1873. in july of that year, the traps and been laid for columbia pathway to where it is today on i-5 and then it was in july of that year. all the time, the railroad had been entertaining offers from the various communities, cash, land, port facilities, whatever the the community city could put together to lower the railroad there. in january or july of 1873, july 14, the final decision between seattle and two, was made. was made.oma it was not only set up to be derived for goods and travelers but also for the arrival of the telegraph which meant news and banking and communications. the course of the aanscontinental railroad was big deal for the far west. -- reason to, was picked there is a multitude of reason

when the transcontinental railroad came, there was talk about one day being able to span sound. undertakings not an anybody was prepared to do. during the depression, federal programs, like the building of the grand coulee dam, and stuff that were paid public works projects happening in the pacific northwest. in the mid-1930's, there was talk about creating a bridge to reach from tacoma to the peninsula. the bridge was opened on the first of july in 1940. after two years of construction. is also a bitrows of a wind tunnel. people working on the deck began to notice movement. wings, ike airplane lift in the bridge. they begin to feel vertical lift in the bridge, especially in the center span. -- there was no suspension bridge anywhere like this, anywhere in the pacific northwest. unfamiliarity of how a big thing like this was supposed to behave. people excited about this. there is a certain gracefulness about a bridge like this. , just wanted to think there was not anything wrong. that it was normal. once they got the concrete on the deck, the additional weight would all go away.

the chinese coming to california to help the next segment of the boom and that is the transcontinental railroad. so for those 30 years or so there was an awful lot of hustle and bustle changing left and right and the people with money came into the state. all these things have been in 30 years or so. they were rather tranquil and the goal ended almost abruptly and became a sort of agrarian state. the va was very important here and there were plenty. they were going back to school and all that kind of stuff. it's a higher education system but we were not making college free. it's for the university colleges and community colleges and it didn't last long as far as i am concerned in the mid-60s. there's a lot of automobile manufacturing and all the parts that go with automobiles and other manufacturing it was made a bit more difficult it wasn't beat quite so hard and fast and loud so the state began to go into a very serious period of discrimination. people don't remember this anymore but during the 80s and '90s we passed some of the anti-immigrant legislation. one proposition would have denied il

one the transcontinental railroad came there was talk about one day being able to span puget sound. an undertakingt anybody was prepared to do. during the depression federal programs like the building of the grand coulee dam, they were big job creating public works projects happening in the pacific northwest. mid-1930's, there began to be talk about creating a bridge over puget sound to reach from tacoma to the peninsula. the tacoma near was bridge was opened on july 1 in 1940. after two years of construction. the tacoma narrows is also a bit of a wind tunnel. people working on the deck began to notice movement. an almost like airplane winds, lift in the bridge. unlike just horizontal movement, began to feel a vertical lift in the bridge. especially in the center span. there was those suspension bridge or anything like this anywhere and out to the world in the pacific northwest. there was an unfamiliarity with just how big thing like this was supposed to behave. people excited about it, there is a certain musical gracefulness about a bridge like this. people just wanted to think it

the chinese coming to california to help the next segment of the movement and that was the transcontinental railroad. so for those 30 years or so there was an awful lot of hustl and bustle chain chain a state, and it became more diverse. all these things happened and you could argue that during that period we were going up and then of course things changed, not that we had to go immediately found at the period that california was rather tranquil. the gold rush ended almost abruptly it sees and became sort of an agrarian state. after world war ii it was important. all these people that worked. it is believe it or not making college free during the 50s and 60s as the state put together. it's a higher education program in thand the university colleged community colleges. and it didn't last long enough as far as i am concerned. then that's when he and the board of regents began to install and they followed and the community colleges not so much. but there was a golden period and then during the 50s there was a lot of automobile manufacturing i and all the pars that go with automobiles and other manufact

immigration wave of chinese in california to help the next segment of that boom and that was the transcontinental railroad. for those 30 years or so there was a lot of russell and bussell in the state. it was changing left and right and it became more diverse. and people with money came into the state and the railroad owned the state. all these things happened in avery 30 years or so and you could argue that during that period, we were blowing up. then the rules changed not that we had to go immediately down but we had a period where california was tranquil. the gold rush and ended, abruptly almost it seemed and it became sort of an agrarian state. after world war ii, all these people at work, rosie riveter types and there were plenty as well as the military guys coming home, they all got va loans. it was a golden. the late 1940s. the men were going back to school and all that kind of stuff and california had a history once it developed its higher education system. leave it or not making college free. it was free during the 50s and 60s as the state put together its higher education program. university col

. >> in the years before the arrival of the transcontinental railroad, tacoma was not dissimilar from most of the other small communities around the pacific northwest. the population present was predominantly native american. of the 19th century, coming over the oregon trail and some by sea, small little villages of americans and europeans had arrived mostly

when the transcontinental railroad came, there was talk about one day being able to span sound.takings not an anybody was prepared to do. during the depressioed

he wants to build a transcontinental railroad across the united states, get credit for it. he also wants to make money off it, and he has bought land in dubuque, iowa, and he made a lot of money off the illinois stroll because the owned the lakefront in chicago and sold it to the ic as the right of way land after he passed the illinois central railroad act. so, there's nothing new in politics. and he needs the south, and he also needs to open up this territory. he is the chairman of the committee on territories and what is in the ways these territories are not organized. kansas, nebraska. sponsors kansas-nebraska act and repeals the missouri compromise, withdraws a -- erases the line of slavery in north and throws it all open. whoever settles there can doo decide whether they're a free state or slave state. and you have bleeding kansas, and as a result of that, the issue of the extension of slavery in the country -- lincoln calls it the nationalization of slavery and says pretty son we'll have it in illinois and then across the country. he has this cause and now has to deve

that was meant to be the end of the transcontinental railroad. it never was but that was the plan. and for good measure he publi published several more books on and law. so that's not bad for one person to do in that short period of time. i told you how many people thought he was a total loser. i didn't take me long to figure out there was a difference between hallick and the precivil wars and hall dpts ick. there he was a success at one time and a tail yur at another time. it was january of about 2000 or so, 1999. i was giving a talk about how -- to some of you are fwlar this, civil war education foundation. i know many of you go there. i gave some sort of talk and -- i didn't understand why he hadh understand how he had such a contrasting personality, successful, yet a failure, it seemed. so i asked these people and i said spread the word. i'm writing all over the place asking for information on henry hallek. asking why he's a success and then he's a failure. it just so happened in that audience there were several medical doctors. at least four that i talked to, anyway. and there

he wants to build a transcontinental railroad. across the united states, get credit for it. he also wants to make money off of it. and he has bought land in the booth i want and in minnesota, both northern and central routes. and i should add that he made a lot of money off of the illinois central. because he owned the lakefront in chicago. and sold it to the ic is the right of way lands. after he passed the central railroad acts. so, there is nothing new in politics. x and he needs the south. and he also needs to open up this territory. he is the chairman of the committee on territories and what is in the way is these territories are not organized. kansas and nebraska. sponsors the kansas nebraska act and repealed the missouri compromise which draws, he raises the line of slavery in the north and throws it all open.whoever settles that can decide if they are a free state or a slave state. it is right next to missouri which is a slave state. and they start appearing in. and pretty soon you have bleeding kansas. as a result of that, the issue of the extension of slavery in th

a long distance from san jose to san francisco, but that was meant to be the end of the transcontinental railroad. it never was, but that was the plan, so halleck was involved in that, too. and for good measure he push lirli published more books on land law and he wrote on textbooks and colleges and universities of the united states into the 20th century and for good measure, he was also major general of the california militia. so that's not bad for one person to do in that short period of time. well, there's a problem, is there not? i told you about successes and i told you how many people thought he was a total loser, and it didn't take me long even as dumb as i am, and it didn't take me long to figure out that there say difference between halleck and the pre-civil war years and halleck in the civil war years. he was a success at one time he was a failure at another time. well, it was january of about -- i'm guessing 2000 or so, 1999 and i'm giving a talk about halleck to you familiar with the civil war education association and has a symposium in florida and many of you i know go there in sara

like the transcontinental railroad with the passage of the sun in 90 minutes away the country.ing like this since 1918 really so it's a historic moment. the important thing to know is this is where we have fun with -- physics -- physics. we can experience something that is relatively unique. we can watch the sun sort of disappear and in the path of totality, it will go away and day will go tonight and nearby we will feel a duskiness in the atmosphere. if you have your glasses we will be able to watch the event from our parent star. we live with that star, that sun, that's how really a lot of the effects of our weather is controlled. so this is a time to wake up and feel the fun with physics. arthel: so you mentioned the weather. what else do scientists learn from this? >> so we can learn not only about of course the sun and it's very important to study the sun because it produces its own kind of weather. we call that space weather. and those energetic particles from the sun that hit our planet hours after they erupt from the sun can disrupt gps, phone communications, even power

when the transcontinental railroad came, there was talk about one day being able to span puget sound. it really was not an undertaking anybody was prepared to do. during the depression, federal programs, like the building of the grand coulee dam, and stuff that were big job creating public works project in the no

railroad. when the milwaukee transcontinental arrived in tacoma in 1909, it then turned the tacoma easter into a subsidiary of the milwaukee road and at that point you were able to begin to catch a train in chicago and gall all the way to mount rainier national park on basically one ticket.so in 1919, 1918, december 31, 1918 the milwaukee roadabsorbed the eastern and a lot of its subsidiaries and formulated one gigantic corporation at that point . and at that point it became known solely as the milwaukee road. and passenger trains on that line were numerous. as you can imagine and actually earning a decent wage. so having the chicago milwaukee st. paul and pacific around in 1909 they had to sell for second and third best on just about everything. it put them in kind of a conundrum, economically. there was vast stretches of rail line, they had the shortest rail line between puget sound and chicago. they also had the best radiance but they didn't have very many grants lines. when you look at a study of james j hill and his development and the great northern, he purposely went to communities wher

railroad. when the milwaukee road transcontinental arrived in tacoma in 1909, it then turned the tacoma eastern into a subsidiary of the milwaukee road x. at that point, you were able to be able to catch a train in chicago and go all the way to mt. rainier national park on, basically, one ticket. so in 1919, 1918, december 31, 1918, the milwaukee road absorbed the tacoma eastern and a lot of its subsidiaries and formed one gigantic corporation at that point, and at that point it became solely as the milwaukee road. and the passenger trains on that line were numerous. as you can imagine, there were a lot of people -- especially during those summer months -- that wanted to reck rate at -- recreate at mt. rainier national park, and for the 100 miles between tacoma and mt. rainier, it was one of the most successful passenger lines in america due to the presence of mt. rainier. what's interesting is the fact that when we think about railroad construction, we think about chinese labor. here in tacoma, the vast majority of the laborers that work with the a on the tacoma eastern were japanese. those th

tacoma eastern became a subsidiary of that railroad, when the rocky road transcontinental arrived in 1809, it turned tacoma eastern into a subsidiary of the milwaukee road. you are able to be able to catch a train in chicago and although it to mount rainier national park on one ticket. in 1919, 1918, december 31, the milwaukee road absorbed tacoma eastern and a lot of the subsidiaries and formed one gigantic corporation. at that point it became solely known as the milwaukee road. the passenger trains on that were numerous, as you can imagine, there were a lot of people during the summer months that wanted to replicate them in your national park. what is interesting about to, -- tacoma is that the vast majority of laborers that worked on the tacoma eastern were japanese. those that worked on the northern pacific were chinese. the japanese labor, because they came in after the chinese exclusion act, they started building in with japanese laborers to build labor vacancies. they were set up to do menial labor under the construction of the tacoma eastern. this all caps to a head after a l