troy convention was to us your -- to secure equal voting rights in new york. but after the dred scott decision, that case remained at the center of african-american people's minds. william watkins took steps to counter the threat that the ruling posed. decision is a foul and infamous lie, he said, black men are white men are bound to respect. court in theest land issued a sweeping denial of black legal person hold -- presented, activists said, nope. was dumb,tawny stupid, and wrong. [laughter] politic, explore this the various people -- various ways people called tony -- connie a liar. -- called tawny a liar. the concept of citizenship was people foror black people who might be disenfranchised toward be denied public transit. it was an effort to define the content of citizenship. this is possible because constitution had left citizenship undefined. it was clear it was a legal relationship between individuals and government, but what sorts of rights that relationship entailed or who could call themselves a citizen. lack activists used that and certainty in their politics. for example, pennsylvania lawmakers debated whether they should disenfranchised black men. robert pu