truman." aida donald, why did you write a book about harry truman? >> i wanted to do another biography, having written about teddy roosevelt six years ago and had great fun writing about him. i looked around for another president that i might enjoy working on for a few years, and i came upon truman, who i remember, i am old enough to remember him. truman had two big puzzles in his life. i said, you really have to write about some of those puzzles. it gives you something to work on, to work through. maybe other biographers, other readers do not know about the puzzles or even see them as puzzles, but you do, and that is how i chose truman and worked very hard on the puzzles which turned out to be very important for his career. it kept me very interested in it this man from the midwest. this man with a high school education who accidentally became president in momentous times in our lives. >> what are the puzzles? >> they were -- the first was, this was a man who got into politics having failed in many businesses as a young man. the only way to get into

truman said now. truman did not think -- instead of calling macarthur back, he decided to fly to wake island. he sat with macarthur and repeated, we do not want the chinese in this war. we do not want to bring russia in. you are not going to get the atomic bomb. what are we going to do? he said, i can handle it. give me the troops and need and it will be all right. truman thought, ok, he understands what i, the commander in chief, has told him to do. he flew back home. macarthur decided a strategic blunder -- he split the army. he had an enormous, good army. he split it in two with a mountain range in between to get to the north koreans to knock them out of the war and to get the chinese. that meant that if one army was hit, the other army could not help it. on the right or on the left. as a result, both were pushed all the way back. he wanted the bomb again. truman got very angry and sad, i do not want to use the atomic bomb again. he flouted the commander in chief. there is a lot of discussion among

and he said, "truman!" like it was the end of the world. 30-some years later, i was back home. and he was telling me all about how the world's going to hell and the country's going to hell. i'd heard this so much in my life. and then he paused and he said, "too bad old harry isn't still in the white house." ( laughter ) and that's what we want-- somebody who will address the problems and do things that aren't popular. >> safer: david mccullough's books have all come from a machine invented about the time abe lincoln was president. some of you may recognize it as a typewriter. >> mccullough: i bought it when i was embarking on my first book in the mid... early 1960s. >> safer: he calls this world headquarters, an 8' x 12' sanctuary in his backyard on martha's vineyard in massachusetts. why do you use this, as opposed to a computer? >> mccullough: i can't press the wrong button and eliminate a month's work. >> safer: from his trusty royal have come books about the johnstown flood, the brooklyn bridge, the panama canal, and the revolutionary w

that goes back to the 1940's and truman had a lot to do with that. >> they started to attack truman from the right from not -- for not being tough enough on the communist. what does german do? he falls into the trap. the communist threat become something real in the mind of the american people because you can play on that fear. initially, there were 300 sites that were put on the terrorist watch list. then 400,000. you keep looking and you will find, just like the witch hunters in the middle ages. >> what we essentially need is to cut to the end of this four story -- a strong man, like a martin luther king. you quoted it very courageous speech. he sacrificed his life because of that speech, but a man to stand up and has moral rectitude to say to the public that we must walkout of this valley of fear that we're living in and you cannot leave all this nonsense and we need somebody. when they see a book or a vcr movie or something in this would inspire someone in the next generation. >> it raised the question for me whether the public has become so cynical about our politics, so afraid abou

jefferson, truman, johnson and bush were the four. also failed because of economic crisis or the failure to act to detour such a crisis and these were jefferson, cleveland, coolidge, franklin roosevelt with a 37 downturn and george bush to eight failed due to their inability to leave with jefferson, wilson, truman, johnson, nixon and bush. they failed to to franklin roosevelt and richard nixon. four of them did not effectively communicate this agenda or initiative were jefferson, monroe, grant and cleveland. obviously the dominant source of failure for the second term prudent has been their inability to successfully work with congress, the second term presidents have faced troubled or second terms do directly to the fight between the congress and the white house. having a congressional majority of their own party is no assurance of release. those presidents that serve in the congress having the majority of the opposing party during the second term included willson, eisenhower, nixon, ronald reagan and clinton. the competitive battle t

johnson, like kennedy, like eisenhower, like truman -- forget about johnson -- from truman, eisenhower and kennedy, all three presidents, were on record as was the majority of the congress, of saying that the united states, the head of the free world, in what was sill still a very strong cold war climate. the bay of pigs happened just before that in 1962 -- the united states had the responsibility to protect the independence of nations from communist aggression. this meant south vietnam. now, kennedy had raised troop levels. i won't go into all the things that truman and eisenhower did, but right along we are very heavily involved in protecting south vietnam, and johnson believed that these prior commitments committed him. he also was a strong colored warrior. he used to comment often on how the young people who were protesting simply didn't understand communism because they had never really grown up and had to fight world war ii, didn't know what amazement meant automenment, and chamberlain and so forth, give into the nazis. the united states must keep it commitments. it must be stron

any solipsistic to the democratic party, saw what it did to truman.he didn't want it to happen to him. it is a combination of good politics, but also he had no choice but to do it. that's what was tragic about this. he had no exit strategy. >> host: there are a couple things in this book that kind of struck me. i didn't realize that richard russell was really reluctant. so there was support among people who had impeccable foreign policy and credentials. so he would have had some. so he would've had some support, significant support. so there was still johnson's decision to make. he could've done something different. on the other side of this, i am still struck by how johnson was well aware as a master politician that there is a relationship between guns and butter, that even though this is a wealthy nation, we cannot run deficits of a certain sort. we have to move the fighting and that would have consequences for his domestic program. he then johnson in the most liberal administration is very clear on this, that you just could not spend limitlessly an

truman did not parton a -- pardon a turkey. he ate the turkey. it looks like eisenhower ate both. >> lbj. lbjate his turkey. >> they thought that's what you are supposed to do. originally and i think still they involve the towel tree and egg board. it is all a promotion for enjoying thanksgiving. >> the question is what do you think sarah palin would have done with that turkey. >> she would have mailed it airily. >> mailing the air -- the areola? >> when we talk about gun culture people and nailing things -- she shot things from the air. >> i think she would have lost the debate to us. >> jim -- but tom you are right. >> i would have thought that this was something stupid like the electoral college set up two years ago. >> just in the research i have done here. it looks like it happened by accident. the first reference to pardoning a turkey comes from a gong by ronald reagan. this were asking if he would pardon oliver north. he said i think i pardoned a turkey. then george hw bush made it a part st ceremony. to your question, why do we pardon tur

jefferson, truman, johnson and. were the four. also four failed because of economic crisis or failure to act to deter such a crisis. jefferson, cleveland, coolidge, franklin roosevelt, the 37 downturn and george bush. eight who failed due to their inability to lead congress were jefferson, monroe, grant, wilson, truman, johnson, nixon and george bush. two failed due to who boris. franklin roosevelt and richard nixon. four who did not effectively communicate their agendas or initiatives were jefferson, monroe, grand and cleveland. the dominant force of failure for a second term presidents has been there in the ability to successfully to work with congress. lee eight second term presidents have face trouble their second term due directly to the fight between congress and the white house. having a congressional majority of their own party is no assurance of relief. those presidents who served with the congress having majority of the opposing party during a second term included wilson, eisenhower, nixon, reagan and clinton. the compet

johnson like kennedy, like eisenhower like truman let's forget about thompson for a minute, from truman, eisenhower and kennedy all three presidents were on record as was a majority of the congress saying that the united states, the head of the free world and what was still a very strong climate of course the bay of pigs happened just a couple years before that in 1962. but the united states had the responsibility to protect the independence of nations from communist aggression and this was south vietnam. kennedy had raised troop levels. i won't go into all the things truman and eisenhower did but right along we are very heavily involved in protecting south vietnam and johnson believed that these prior commitments committed him. he also was a strong warrior and he used, and often on how the young people who were protesting simply didn't understand communism because they had never grown up and had to fight world war ii. they didn't know what appeasement was and chamberlain and so forth given to the nazis. the united states must keep its commitment. it was johnson's great misfortune to be

. >> a few days later, on october 28, 1962, the president calls president truman to report on the endf the crisis. how did it end? >> the crisis? >> yeah. as far as from what you've listened to, what was precisely the end of all this? >> well, khrushchev announced that he agreed with the terms of the american demands that the soviets dismantle the missile sites and pull their troops out of cuba. the terms were left quite loose. >> you put a letter -- it's in russian -- in your book, and also it's translated into english from mr. khrushchev to the president. what was that? >> well, there are many fascinating letters between the two of them. and that leads to the story of how the crisis ended. khrushchev in one day wrote two letters, or two letters arrived from him. the first, an extraordinary personal letter expressing anguish over how far this crisis has gone and how nearly out of control it has become, and imploring the president in highly emotional language to stop the crisis, to pull back. and then about half a day later a very official bureaucratic letter came that was much stiffe

when they counted all the votes, the chicago tribune proclaimed dewey defeats truman, but in fact trumanewey, 64 years ago today. and now you know the news. thank to the men and women who somehow get to work here every day. we don't talk about it because we around the news. but of this staff more than two-thirds were directly affected by the storm. some had water in their homes, some families road it out in the attic a top a door and some endured brutal three or four hour commutes and some left the kids behind and haven't seen them since. but they have all been here and i appreciate them very much. it is a rehearsal

truman never learned anything from f.d.r. or from his staff, it was a transition with zero knowledge. that doesn't happen any more. got a phone call from the white house, get to the phone right away, so he picked up the phone and at the other end they said get to the white house as soon as you can. so he grabbed his hat and dashed out. and he had a car, of course, they gave him a shaufer when he -- they gave him a shawer if when he became vice president. he was taken up stairs, was met by eleanor roosevelt and he looked up, and she said harry the president is dead. and he was in total shock. and he said, what can i do for you? and she said, harry, what can we do for you? you're in trouble now. >> from his early life through his presidency, a look at the life of harry truman in "citizen soldier" sunday night at 8:00. >> for the last nearly half century the discussion of the assassination has been dominated by two schools of thought. or if you will, two faiths. and i'm going to very briefly describe each of them and how they ap

harry truman was completely smitten, announcing that when everyone becomes acquainted with you, they immediately followed that with you. like those who followed him, truman was surprised that elizabeth was so much more approachable than she seemed in her public image. dwight eisenhower had known princess elizabeth during world war ii when he was in london, he had what he called was a devoted friendship with king george next, and he entertained the teenage princess at his london apartment where he served her prime ribs of beef according to instructions, nice and rare. in 1957, she was given a short trip by her biographers. according to a horrible research and in an interview, rick buchanan, who was the protocol, was with the royal couple throughout their six days in the united states. which began in jamestown and williamsburg and ended in new york city and included an impromptu visit to a supermarket in suburban maryland. ruth gave me an impromptu and valuable personal perspective on her conduct its queen and her relationship with her husband, prince philip. one of my favorite descrip

was truman. i think you are right, thank you. >> no, thank you. >>> we told you that the polling places are open back east in is a polling center in virginia you see the line waiting to cast ballots. virginia is one of the swing state fast decide today's election. president obama and mitt romney have campaigned hard in that state. abc7 news will have live team coverage of today's election. here's our schedule: special early edition of abc7 news atid2rç 3:00, live reports from the obama and romney campaign headquarters. world news will be on at 3:30. followed by live election coverage at 4:00. local results start coming in at 8:00, followed by abc news primetime coverage at 8:30, then complete results on abc7 news at 11. the moment the polls close you can get real-time results on abc7news.com. we'll have live updates all night at facebook.com/abc7news and through twitter. >>> new york and new jersey authorities promise voters will not be denied their right to vote, despite obstacles created by san

when ike took over from truman, truman said "poor ike, he'll think it's just like the army. do this and do that. only this time nothing's going to happen when he says it." and that's something you even see now, 60 or 70 years later, that it's harder to make change than they think. >> it's ambition, isn't it. there's all this ambition in the campaign. and then you get to reality once you get in the white house, dan. >> well, the interesting thing. and a campaign is all about drawing contrasts and suggesting you are going to do big and difficult things that your opponent has not been able to do or wouldn't do, and you get into office and you find, as michael was saying, you are hemmed in by all kinds of institutional strictures. working with the congress is much more difficult than anybody anticipated. both the last two presidents, president obama, and president george w. bush talked about how they would change washington and neither was successful in doing that. there's that element. and again, as mike said, things come at you, you don't have the kind of control that you thin

but by chance i started back words of the truman library. i was at the truman library giving a speech about my last book and i had the morning there and i went down to the reading room and asked what do they have on herbert hoover and was because it was harry truman who brought him back into the government in 1945 and gave him a number of assignments and became a terribly close friend of his. one thing i discovered by the way is that in addition to the hoover respondents there were boxes and boxes of letters from people saying what are you doing bringing hubert de bet -- herbert hoover back, she began to have an impact on me and the understanding in the public perception of hoover who won by a landslide in 1928 and 1932 but it also indicates how long resentment can linder and how that can affect the american political prisons. it's true harry truman brought to herbert hoover back in but when he went to campaign he campaigned as much against hoover as he did against thomas dewey and made a lot of references to the depression. hoover was somew

. >> reporter: it's another typical school day at truman high school in the bronx. the cooking class is busy in the kitchen. the choir is rehearsing, the astronomy class is learning about stars. but it wasn't always like this. real estate developer charles bendit met truman high principal sana nasser a decade ago through a non-profit called pencil, it connects business people wanting to volunteer with schools in their communities. >> i was a small businessman that was just getting started, i was just beginning to realize that i might be successful. i didn't have what to give in terms of big dollars, so what i did do is i thought about how i could be most impactful. >> reporter: bendit serves as a mentor to principal nasser. together they developed the idea of specialized academies within the high school. bendit's biggest contribution, sharing his decades of business experience. >> it all started with learning how to be the c.e.o. of a company. and, how am i going to make sure my company, my school, is a successful school and is a competitive school and can attract t

after the defeat of the truman national health plan in the '40s. instead of universal health care we developed a system of private health insurance provided as a system of employment and supported by the federal tax code. and this is still how most americans get their health care today. health coverage -- so insurance coverage and ak sses to -- access depend on whether you're employed or whether you're employed. -- what kind and how much of a cost your employer is willing or able to cover. a system based on employer health coverage excludes a lot of people. people who work for smaller employers, the unempl women who temporarily leave the work force to have children, the poor, and the retired don't have access to insurance provided by an employer. rationing by employment means that people who retire lose coverage at the time they probably start to need it the most. and it was this flaw in the employment-based health system that helped lead to the creation of medicare in 1965. but medicare itself is a system of rationing by age. there's no logical re

some say truman or lincoln but it was neither of them. do min cojoins us from washington.st, they're campaigns. cobbler was able to oust the butterball brothers and the superpac to win over gobbler. but -- i give -- >> i don't know. >> i can't believe we're doing a segment on this but fill us in on the first president to truly spare the turkey. >> well, that is jfk in 1963. we actually -- i took a look back in 2009 and have kind of reposted this every year since then. and because there was some confusion as to who was the first president to pardon a turkey. >> right. >> it had been said bill clinton said in the pardoning ceremony that it was harry truman who pardoned the first turkey but what actually happened, the truman library told us that, in fact, he probably ate that turkey. he never met a turkey he didn't want to eat and not a pardoning ceremony as the white house's statement put out today. the 65th anniversary of the turkey presentation so it was not the first to pardon a turkey. also a little bit of trivia, if you were to ask who's the first president to pardon a

>> neither truman norah eisenhower they're both army veterans. but president that the mood -- marines have the propaganda machine. but then to get their special protection it was fun. >>host: relay marine? >> i joined 1995 out of college i served on active duty five years and then the reserves. >> where have you served? >> afghanistan. and also camper issue in. >>host: what are some of the tensions the marines have because there is a dependent relationship? >> there are not major tensions now but you can hide in the past without too much work for the president. of the modern court today is the. >> line has been spent two negative time we pay for the equipment that you use. and you should read the help o -- helpful we're here. after rover to the story changed if you lose the navy. >> the relationship in the global but the power is radically different now than screw my then they created office with four people now they have been elaborate and successful brand. by all accounts and more films and videos and television shows you could imagine. this is

and then, of course, with the cold war and the truman doctrine about containing communism in greece, woody writes songs against truman, writes songs expressing his astonishment that britain and the united states could support the greek monarchy against the workers rising there, and just sees not only the labor movement and the union movement becoming increasinglythe fangs brought out of it, drawn out of it, but then elsewhere in the wider culture, where basically mccarthyism takes hold. he sees hanns eisler being deported and writes a song about that, expressing his fears about what life in a mccarthy- dominated america might be like. but then something happens. his huntington's disease kicks in seriously about 1952, and so he is increasingly immobilized, increasinglyhis behavior is increasingly more erratic, and he finds that he has difficulty writing. he can't speak as well. he can'the gets increasing bodilya lack of coordination. and he sort of drops outafter 1952, 1953, he's prettyhe's sort of becoming less and less of a public figure at that point. but he is watching from the si

truman intended to show japan that he would use any weapon at our disposal.here was no atomic diplomacy. he wanted to show the japanese it was surrender or die. became a temporary victory the principles of american exceptionalism worldwide. unlike all previous empires commit the u.s. is unwilling to dominate the free world delete previous pictures had. the postwar world asked if america fisheries resources unreservedly, restrain itself economically and rebuild her former friends and enemies enthusiastically. this in turn would produce well in western europe. all provided by the protection of the american military. that will suddenly share would in turn provoked the very institutions and disciplines needed to maintain, let alone expand freedom and prosperity for others. i want to mention for a moment the role of the soviet union in world war ii and take this on as a challenge to prevailing wisdom. after 1942 the red army overwhelmed the and men insane. this method talk in the winter of 1941. one study suggests 85% outside moscow in the winter of 1942 was briti

truman intended to show japan that he would use any weapons at our disposal.here was no atomic diplomacy. he wanted to show the japanese that it was surrender or die. which surrender came to temporary victory in the principles of american exceptionalism worldwide. unlike all the previous empires, the u.s. was unwilling to dominate the free world the way previous big yours had. that post-war world, active america that ensured resources insured resources unreservedly, restrained itself economically and rebuild the rebuilt former friends and enemies enthusiastically. this in turn would produce heretofore wealth and leisure in western europe. all provided by the protection of the american military. that wealth and leisure would in turn erode the very institution and discipline needed to maintain let alone expand freedom and prosperity for others. i want to mention just for a moment the role of the soviet union in world war ii because i think we take this on as a challenge to most of the prevailing wisdom. yes, after 1942, the red army overwhelmed the nazis in men

when it was truman in his second term during the korean war, he fired general mcarthur. the country responded by throwing parades for the general who got fired. and harry truman left office with approval ratings that dick cheney would kill for, but for everyone else would see that as a disaster. second terms are almost always seen as a disaster, then at least when the big disappointments happen and often the failures. when the soviet union beat us, when the soviet union beat the united states to put the first space satellite into orbit, when no nation had put something like that -- up in space and had it stick there and the soviets did it first with sputnik, when they beat us in a race we were also running in, it was during president eisenhower's second term. second term. it's not like bad things and challenges and failures don't happen in first terms too. but there's something that we understand as americans to be as certain as death and taxes and that is if there's something that's going to suck in a particular presidency, it's probably going to happen in the second te

truman intended to show japan that he would use any weapon at our disposal.here was no atomic diplomacy. he wanted to show the japanese study was surrender or die. when japan's surrender became the temporary picture of the principles of american exceptionalism worldwide. unlike all the previous empires commit the u.s. is unwilling to dominate the free world the way previous pictures had. that postwar world asked of america shares resources unreservedly, restrain itself economically and rebuild former friends and enemies enthusiastically. this in turn produce wealth and leisure in western europe, all provided by the protection of the american military. that wealth of nature would in turn a road to their institutions and disciplines needed to maintain, let alone expand freedom and prosperity for others. i went to mention for a moment the role of the soviet union because we take this on as a challenge to match prevailing wisdom. after 1942, the army army overwhelmed or not these. it was nip and tuck in the winter of 1941, 42. one study said just did in 85% outsi

. >> truman never learned anything from fdr or his staff. there was a transition with their own knowledge. the-transition with the zero knowledge. -- position with the zero knowledge. that does not happen anymore. he got a phone call saying get to the white house as soon as you can. he grabbed his hat and passed out. he had a car and a chauffeur. he was met by eleanor roosevelt. he looked up and she said, the president is dead. he said, what can do for you. she said, what can we do for you? you are in trouble now. >> from his only life through his presidency, a look at the life of harry truman on c-span 's "q & a." 's "q & a."

the truman, he presided over the senate. nowadays, the vice president does not bother with that unless his vote is needed to break a tie. true and never learned anything from fdr or his father. it was a transition with zero knowledge. that doesn't happen anymore. got a phone call from the white house. get to the phone right away. i picked up the phone. at the other end, they said get to the white house as soon as you can -- as you can. he grabbed his hat and dashed out. he had a car, of course. they gave him a chauffeur. he went to the white house. he was taken upstairs to the second floor, which was the family fled. he was led by eleanor roosevelt. she said, harry, president is dead. he was in total shock. he said, what can i do for you? she said, harry, what can we do for you. you are in trouble now. >> from his early life through his presidency, a look at the early life of harry truman sunday night at 0 -- at 8:00 p.m. >> this morning, a discussion on the primacy of e-mails, especially when a federal investigation is invo

the donald looks at the life of harry truman in -- aida donald looks at the life of harry truman on qr daltre and pete townsend spoke last week about teenage cancer. from the national press club, this is an hour. >> get afternoon and welcome to the national press club. my name is theresa werner and i am the 105th president of the national press club. we're the world's leading organization for journalism committed to programming and events such as this while fostering a free press worldwide. for more information about the national press club, please visit our web site at www.press.org. to donate to programs offered to the public through our institute, these visits press.org/institute. on behalf of our members worldwide, i would like to welcome our speakers and those of you attending today's event. if you hear applause in our audience, please note that members of the public are attending, so it is not necessarily a lack of journalistic objectivity. our luncheons are featured on our weekly podcast and c-span. even also follow the action on twitter. after our guest speech concludes, we wi

truman had two big puzzles in his life. first was, this is a man that got in politics having failed in many businesses as a young man. and the only way to get in politics in missouri was to be part of a machine. there were two of them and he looked up with the pender gast machine arguably the most corrupt and often vicious machine. i said how did this happen? how could he work in this machine in local politics? that was the first thing i had to work out. the second of course is what we all know about and that is how did he come to use the atomic bomb? what was behind the decision? what's the story about the atomic bomb before he became president? and then when the decision was on his desk. it's still a controversial story and i wanted to know more about it. >> from his early life through his presidency. we look at the life of harry truman in, citizen soldier tonight at 8:00 on c-span's q&a. >> "washington journal" continues. >> joining us from miami is bush administration and former c o of the kellogg company. guest: thanks

. >> truman had two big puzzles and his life. the first was that this was a man who got into politics after having failed at many businesses as a young man. the only way to get into politics in missouri was to be part of a machine. there were two and he hooked up with the tender guest machine. and arguably the most corrupt and often vicious machine. i said to myself -- how could this happen? how could he possibly work with this machine for local politics? what was behind the decision? what is the story about the atomic bomb before he became president and then the decision that was on his desk? this is still a controversial story. >> from his early life through his presidency, she looks at the early life of president truman on "citizen soldier." >> on tuesday, the annual meeting of the ceo council was held. we begin with remarks on the global economy and the fiscal cliff by the former world bank president, robert zelig. austin goolsbee and michael boskin. this is about 45 minutes. >> good morning, everybody. i have three distingui

like when truman burbank first suspected the world he'd been living in was not what it seemed, discovery would take a voyage. >> karl rove said that we should figure out what the deal is with this decision desk. the decision desk is in a different place. megyn, i will escort you down the steps here. megyn is going to go to the decision desk and interview them about the decision on ohio. >> jon: this was 10 tha that-- then that megyn kelly, in pursuit of something called facts, left the holodeck and entered the world of dunder mifflin. >> what we're saying is the amount of raw vote that's in these counties that's out there still waiting to come in is so large, no matter what the hand full of republican precincts that are still out there, it's just not going to make it. >> 100% certainty. >> 99.95%. >> jon: so you're saying there's a chance. ( laughter ) ( applause ) last night, tragically, there was an avalanche on bull ( bleep ) mountain, ladies and gentlemen, with the blame for it if to their own willful blindness? their a supper of misinformation gruel they themselves cooked up and had

she has been doing this since 1949, truman was president, gas was a quarter a gallon.many times alicia kennedy has asked for a voter's signature at a polling place? no one knows. she did it for 30 years in the mission district and another 30 years near irving. today she is seeing a huge turnout. >> really busy. busiest i've ever seen. >> reporter: since you started doing this? >> yes. >> reporter: voters may not know they are in the presence of the city's most seasoned poll worker. >> it came down to 30 vs. 38 which is a big thing. >> 30 because i'm a college student. preventing more tuition hikes. >> reporter: others see vote for president to be the most critical. >> i don't want to see obama out. i think the options are dismal. >> reporter: alicia has been recognized by the state for her dedication to election day she proudly displays name tags, starting in 1949. >> it was a job at that time. i started as and spector, i started with did the 13 a day. >> reporter: until today the most excited was 1960 when kennedy energized voters. >> for a new face, i guess. new face