[laughter] host: those were the words of former president truman. he spoke of those finishing their tour of duty, those put on the sidelines, his care for them. pick up on that in light of the president's words. guest: i'm not sure the veterans administration was authorized for that. certainly, that was the group that would be helped by this medicaid/medicare legislation which was joint legislation, part of the great society bill passed in 1965. truman tried and failed to get national health insurance pass ed, so this was a partial victory for him. the basic problem is the whole thing was set up the wrong way from the get-go. you had medicare providing only partial coverage to the elderly. they still had to buy supplemental policies. that is still the case today. you have medicare being quite expensive. you also have premiums not fully indexed to inflation so we will see people facing very high medicare part b bills that will go much higher through time as inflation makes that happen. for medicaid, we have this program for the poor that says if you

truman said that's very interesting mr. prime minister would be glad to look at them in other words. this was not the relationship that he had had with franklin roosevelt in 19401 to 1945. not because of truman but because the world had changed britain was no longer the power had been at the start of the second world war and this became in ever more increasingly evidence as when he met truman successor dwight eisenhower when he became president in 1953. churchill continuous prime minister until 1955 the night before he resigned the new queen queen elizabeth came to but came to downing street for a banquet with churchill and his wife clementine. anthony eden succeeded him sadly for eden. he probably assumed office too late. and was filled by the sue was crisis which unfortunately falls be out outside the realms of this talk churchill continued as a member of parliament until 1964. although he was all but absent most of the time. and he died on the 20th of january 1965 when he died in many ways. his funeral was said to be the

winston churchill comes to america, truman invites him to make the famous iron curtain speech. this is a wake-up call to the world, churchill says stalin can no longer be trusted, these are no longer allies, we got to change foreign-policy. total scandal in america. the idea is to keep working with stalin. churchill put differently, he can't be trusted. one of the soviet sniper clocks working at a soviet embassy in canada defects to the west and defects with a huge bundle of explosive documents that reveal soviets have been spying on the american nuclear program, what is taking place with western allies developing a nuclear warhead. these two events are really important and the third thing, don't know how well known it is, george kennan, the famous diplomat in the american embassy in moscow writes his famous long telegram, in a similar tone to churchill set out the facts that the soviets cannot be trusted. in 1946 these three things happen, with haole continually banging on the drum, this is when truman begins to change his foreign-policy completely and you end up with the trum

not long after the bills adoption president truman went on official trip to brazil. while on this trip his motorcade almost drove over the edge of a precipice. speaker martin recalled that quote truman while on a visit to south america came dangerously close to plunging down a mountainside in his auto. the news was a sobering reminder of how near i was living day to day on the edge of great responsibility unquote. as was the case with tyler and johnson barson switching the white house could easily have a curve. each of these examples until instances when a lawmaker could easily have become acting president due to the possibility of a vacancy in both the presidency and the vice presidency. what about situations in which both the president and the vice president are incapacity? history affords at least one such example here as well. in 1985 president reagan underwent surgery to move polyps from his intestine. prior to being anesthetized reagan transferred the powers and duties of his office vice president george bush under section 3 of the 25th amendment while acting p

president truman called his unyielding determination and extraordinary heroism. even after the stunning feat of bravery, his service was far from over. he devoted the rest of his life to helping veterans and gold star families and all families. always driven by his motto, the cause is greater than i am. today, we're joined by military leaders and medal of honor recipients. let us salute them. thank you for your presence here today. and it's a testament to the reverence for which woody is held by generations of u.s. service members and veterans. let us thank them for their service and their presence today. [applause] with woody's passing, we lost a deeply selfless american and a vital link to our nation's greatest generation. his story echoes the service of so many americans who face the horrors of war so that liberty might triumph over fascism. many of them were just 17, 18, 19 years old. they summoned all inspiring courage, keeping the flame of democracy burning through our darkest hour. as admiral nimitz said of those who fought at iwo jima, uncommon valor was

president truman knew that america's work was not finished. even after winning the second world war. and likewise, corporal woody williams, even after demonstrating the stunning heroism that earned him our nation's very highest honor knew that his own work was not finished either. that, perhaps, his greatest deeds still lay ahead. the thing that drew a farm boy from west virginia to a lifetime of patriotic service could best be described as a gravitational pull. the marine corps -- at woody's short statue could not deter him. be described as a gravitational pull. the marine corps' initial skepticism at woody's short stature could not deter him. his stint with western union, delivering the painful news that created gold star families, could not dissuade him. an even his improbable safe return from dangerous combat couldn't convince him that he had actually done enough. woody knew that true gratitude for america's service members ran deeper than even medals. he made giving back a life-long mission. giving back to his brothers in arms. giving bac

truman carried this poem when he went to france as an artillery captain in the first world war. he carried the poll in his pocket on april 12th, 1945, when he was suddenly summoned from the u.s. capital building to the white house and told that he had become president. truman became president the month the united states and the united nations was born in san francisco. by then however, dreams of a world made tranquil by universal law had melted in the cauldron of war. today, we know what churchill never doubted. nations are here to stay. nations not super national entities, are the prime movers of history. and the united states which churchill loved as much as he loved is american mother, it is more indispensable than ever. i'll give you just one example. churchill firmer -- certainly appreciate. a two thirds of the planet that is covered with water the oceans, the great global common, will be policed and kept orderly by the united states navy or it will not be orderly. we are 75 years on from one at churchill's urging here, the united states unfurled a flag of world leadership.

. >> i think harry truman is perfect. in 1946, harry truman lost both houses of congress.rs said truman, who was never elected, succeeded the presidency after franklin those developed as a loser for -- tim rather than -- humans, it all right, i'm in the modernity but i want to try and work across the aisle with the new republican speaker, joe martin, and republicans in the house and senate. so, he did. he then became the marshall plan. nato, the response is stalled and marching through europe. all of that would've been impossible if truman had just said, you know, i'm finished or i'm gonna do nothing but fight the other side. >> that's truman. if we look at recent years, we've gone democratic presidents like obama, clinton, both getting select-y. look comes to mind -- we just played a bit of tom brokaw -- are seeing more radical republicans and let's take over in the house, possibly. what can you learn from their? >> that's for sure. i'm so glad that you're using that historical video from 1994 because it tells us a lot. that was when new king george came in, different spe

the key cities both churchill and truman and roosevelt. >> it's fascinating. we're almost out of time, we're getting the heads up that we're going to move to some audience questions in a minute. last question i have for you, i think we have time to slip on more in is, you know, this is history that took place a very long time ago but one thing that's fascinating about this book is that it also shows how we got to now. the legacy of this time has led both indirectly and seemingly directly to the way we live now. and i'm curious what you think the most lasting legacy of the events that you cover in this book is today? >> i think, our relations with russia are almost at a new cold war period. the russian ambassador to the uk described them as close to frozen the other day. i don't think the story is gone away at all, i think it's ever-present. how do you deal with this country? particularly now, that you've got putin in charge, completely lawless band of gangsters running a place. it's a very relevant story, what do you do. we came out of the events in my book wa

. >> i think harry truman is a perfect example. in 1946, harry truman loss both houses of congress.s said trump was never elected. succeeding the presidency after franklin roosevelt -- for 1948. we've got to get rid of them. rather and being downhearted, truman said all right, i'm in the minority, but i will try to work across the aisle with the new republican speaker jill martin and the republicans in the house and senate and so he did. and came the marshall plan, nato, the response to stalin marching through europe. all of that would have been impossible if truman had just said, i'm finished or i'm going to do nothing but fight the other side. >> so that's truman. if you look more closer to recent years, we've got democratic presidents like obama, clinton, both getting shall lacked to use obama's freeze. wood comes to mind from those two presidencies. especially bill clinton. we just played a bit of tom brokaw 1994. we're seeing even more radical republicans about to takeover in the house, possibly. what could you learn from their? >> that's for sure. i'm so glad that you used tha

truman had put in his pocket that year in 1910, a copy of tennessee's poem oxley whole. it includes these lines about a world without wars. the world subdued by international law, world tranquil. so the word no longer the battle plagues, and the parliament man, federation of the world. there the common sense of most, and they round and and they kindly at the universal 19 and nice words, not church chilean, churchill knew better read and truman carried this poem when he went to france and captain in the first world war. they carried the poem in his pocket on april 12, 1945 when he was suddenly summoned from the u.s. capitol building to the white house to be told that he had become president truman became president the nations was born in san francisco and by then however, dreams of the world may tranquil, universal law has melted into the culvert of war read and today we know what churchill, the nations are here to stay. nations supranational entities, the prime movers of history in the united states which churchill loved as much as he loved his american mother, is more i

the conference begins, stolen proposes us. president truman is chairman. truman has to be the mediator because british prime minister churchill and stolen disagree on the future. western border of poland stolen wants to significantly enlarge his empire, but churchill wants to rein him in. but 1st, the issue was the germans and the for occupations. owens, an occupation government. the allied control council is to be installed in my thinking there was broad agreement on most points. the democrats, for example, on the democratization of germany, on the decentralization of germany, and on the knots, if occasion to name just these points within. but it was understood differently in the east and in the west. this she didn't stolen wants to push all of poland westward. poland east must become soviet, germany, thess must become polish. in addition, there's the dispute about the fate of the germans on the other side of the odor and nice of rivers. how many people live there? how many would have to be resettled? $9000000.00 are only one and a half. and there is also the question of reparations s

and truman agree on a compromise. ah, he done in the beach, takes reparations from their own zone, and in return we, the western powers recognised that the polish western border in the future will run along the odor and nice river size. this is as a concession to the soviet union is all that is the true outcome of the potsdam conference, confident ah, the post war order is now on paper, a declaration of intent and an opportunity. the occupying powers, including france, will together be responsible for all of germany. the political reality of the post war years however, goes in a different direction. piece by piece, the iron curtain will divide the world into 2 hostile blocks. germany will 1st be separated by a demarcation line and leader by wall and barbed wire. germany is divided into east and west. the potsdam piece resolutions up in smoke. it puts him a conference for kind of times count for the potsdam conference was not a partitioning conference, but it was agreed that the various occupations owns would cooperate

so, truman articulated what was called the truman doctrine. which he announced and was key, announced that it was the duty of the united states to uphold global freedom. and that communism must be contained. that national security depends on nuclear power, a strong military and civilian preparedness to mobilize in defense of peace. in, this in 1950, he initiated the federal civil defense administration, which was charged with creating a national civil defense program. and the first directors spoke enthusiastically of a new home front for the cold war, propelled by a growing consciousness of the need for civil defense. message of the early fcc a propaganda prove relatively simple. if americans embrace the concept of civil defense, they could survive a nuclear war. while the new u. s. military experimented with a variety of indoctrination projects to sculpt the perfect nuclear soldier, the fdca arrived at this for the civilians. the organization launched a range of leaflets, tours, short films, hoping to mold the civilian into a new theater of c

i like truman. really. i mean true truman the quite a good president and it's really interesting how he became how he ended up as fdr's running mate in 1944 because fdr of courses first eight years, john yance garner. we just quoted was his vice president and then in 1940. he henry wallace became vice president. he was president vice president between 40 and 44. he was very liberal and by 1944 a lot of people in a democratic party. they i mean they knew roosevelt was not in good health. they didn't say no. he's gonna die a few months into his next term, but they knew he was not good health and some southerners and conservatives were not thrilled with wallace because they thought he was too liberal and they thought he was too much on the side of civil rights for blacks, and he was also pretty eccentric. you know, he's what we today called you followed a lot of new age spiritual beliefs. so he was a bit eccentric and so they they got behind and they convinced roosevelt to dump wallace and 1944 and nominate so

in potsdam, truman got a message. it's a little boy about the atomic bomb. when he tell it's done in about it, the soviet ledia showed little interest. uncle joe didn't understand truman thought it started already knew everything. the issues raised and he also a lay down in potsdam and above all, europe's post wall architecture. germany was to pay reparations be deprived to part of its territories. koenigsberg and its surrounding areas. would it be seated to the ussr? we say, using the gift with my me, i'm please sure. should yours unless i've usually assess course. i also have plenty of poor michelle brand, new london, newest for and none of the new esther campbell mush nice from article dublin. yeah . could scrub the relish of shit. tier patrol at each quarter. horse fellowship. are your lead pushed, widely ushered banassi. just let a japanese read as the most was the idea that the soviet, by convinced that the civil war truman understood this style and assures him that the russians are coming in on schedule, filling rights in his diary, his dollar will be

this is an early picture of truman president truman with churchill at winston churchill and joseph stalin the world leaders at the global leaders at this point and looking pretty happy at the end of the world though. we new trouble was brewing certainly before the end of the war george cannon wrote the the long telegram a famous document studied and is worth studying many times over and he wrote it from from russia, and it's called long the long telegram because indeed it's very long for a telegram spanning soviet culture and other other issues it became the basis for what was called the containment theory of dealing with the soviet. in other words if you contained the soviet union because of the nature of the people indeed the entire culture and political system would implode so it was known as the containment theory. however if we read the document there is lots of information about culture about people's and even about the threats to americans via women religious organizations labor unions all of which we see in these cards. so truman articulated what was called the the truman doctrine

in potsdam, truman got a message. it's a little boy about the atomic bomb. when you tell it's down in about it, the soviet ledia showed little interest. uncle joe didn't understand truman thought it started already knew everything. the issue is raised in yalta. i lay down in potsdam and above all, europe's post wall architecture. germany was to pay reparations be deprived of part of its territories. koenigsberg and its surrounding areas. would it be seated to the ussr? we say you, isn't it gift to my me i'm sure she'd yours and as i ve shall escrow say you will. so we're plenty of pool, my sheer brain yolanda newest for a none of the new i stood kimble, a mush nice from article no linea cartoon. i'm scrub, bullish shit, cheer control at each quarter. horse fellowship are your lead, push the wine. leah should the north let a japanese read as the most was the idea that the soviet, by commends the civil war truman understood this style and assures him that the russians are coming in on schedule human rights. in his diary, his dollar will be in the jap war by al

there has been controversy- our thoughts are with joe truman.see the end of the action, _ there has been controversy as we see the end of the action, you _ there has been controversy as we see the end of the action, you were - the end of the action, you were talking about controversy, the first couple of days, that involving england, this and other bronze medal but in bronze medal than ever was? absolutely. this was yesterday. in the women's and tandem sprint. what happened was, they finished in third place, in a race that was build on the screened here and in the results as a race for the bronze medal. but, under the rules, there weren't enough teams competing for all the medals to be handed out. so they were not given a bronze medal. they were not given a bronze medal. they were not given a bronze medal. they were not included in the medal ceremony, they staged a bit of a mini protest afterwards, borrowing some of bronze medals from the team, they have been fined 200 swiss francs each for that along with a team manager. but this has all gone u

before that at the state department all he was second in command under president truman.ore we're joined by lucianne walkowicz who led a petition to read and the telescope. cofounder of the just space a lens which made a new documentary about the telescope which we are going to be featuring today. in these first minutes before we play the part of this documentary, lucianne walkowicz, your response to the new images of space nasa released and why you made the film to push for renaming the jwst telescope? >> the images are incredibly striking, absolutely beautiful, and it will teach us so much about the universe. i wish i could feel unreserved excited out them. unfortunately, the way nasa has dug in its heels about naming the telescope after james webb has really cast a pall over that for me personally and i know a lot of other queer astronomers as well. i thought this was one of the times to release this documentary in part because i think we in the astronomy community have gone through number of different methods to try and help nasa see sense on this issue. i personally

in potsdam truman got a message. it's a little boy about the atomic bomb. when he told stone and about it, the soviet ledia showed little interest. uncle joe didn't understand truman thought that stalin already knew everything. the issues raised in yalta. i lay down in potsdam and above all here up supposed wal architecture. germany was to pay reparations and be deprived of part of its territories. koenigsberg and its surrounding areas. would it be seated to the ussr? mm. say you is nick your for my memphis sure. she doesn't deserve. usually assess course. i also her plan. you pull my sheer brain, you amanda, newest are for a none of the new esther campbell mush nice from richard gal, no linea m scrub. the hellish of shit. cheer patrone chic. arturo hall. stella shepherd, lead push lu i. leah should been lost with a japanese obligations to the allies in august 1945, the red on the conduct of lightning fast 20 day operation against the 1500000. strong quantum army mm. with no military necessity. america dropped to jail. make bombs on hiroshima and nagasaki.

we need to make the alter records non existent, mary truman, her that the lies need the red army in the far east, where the one and a half 1000000 strong quinton army is waiting. the us and britain had a hard time retaking several islands from japan and would welcome some help for the japanese read the most was the idea that the soviet might come into the pacific war . truman understood this solid assures that the russians are coming in on schedule . truman writes in his diary, test dollar will be in the jap war by august, 15th finney japs with that occurs. ah, the invincible cleanser. now me was able to hold out for just 20 days. ah, the red armies outstanding, manchurian operation ended in complete victory. but even those of a new military reasons for it. hello, she met like a saki bombed who the bomb was not actually dropped on japan. it was dropped on the soviet union as a warning of what is going to have to soviets. if they interfere with america, is post war plan. ah ah, ah . a lot of people with when you brought to charlotte, where's a one with a question, given him with a with a

in potsdam truman got a message. it's a little boy about the atomic bomb. when you tell it's down in about it, the soviet ledia showed little interest. uncle joe didn't understand truman thought it started already knew everything, the issues raised and he also, i lay down in potsdam and above all, europe's post wall architecture. germany was to pay reparations and be deprived to part of its territories. koenigsberg and its surrounding areas. would it be seated to the ussr? mm. we say using that gift to my memphis sure. she doesn't deserve. usually assess course i use her plan. you pull my sheer brain yolanda newest for a none of the new esther campbell mush nice from article dublin. yeah. could scrub the hellish of she cheer, patrone chic. arturo hall. stella shepherd lead pushed, widely ushered the nurse with a japanese read as the most was the idea that the soviet might come into the civil war. proven understood this style and assures him that the russians are coming in on schedule human rights. in his diary, his dollar will be in the jap war by all his 5

ah, on april 12th 1945, roosevelt died and harry truman became the new u. s. president, we've got this little man without vision 1000 to make the crucial decision as it was monumental turning point in history. ah. on april the 30th 1945, a red flag was hoisted over the rice tag. ah, by this time hitler was dead and his successor admiral done its negotiated a union natural surrender in the west with the allies and withdrew his divisions. withers over here. now shirley appeared a sort of be out of order, cheer, sugar. they are because forget our north double earth or a boat, that blood was more of leeway leave brought your so yes, go say you owe belsky why, you little bit of a spoke or what a shot russian it wilkerson. my name's tanya. that's why this why you have to rush . you leave those shanisha there that up, so you with them busy, ma'am. new was more of them, be sir jimmy meaning bonnet. having received the information, standin ordered marshal shook off to turn the army westwards. the allies understood a surprise attack wouldn't work out then. charger be

ah, on april the 12th 1945, roosevelt died and harry truman became the new u. s. president, we've got this little man without vision 1000 to make the crucial decision, as it was by your mental turning point in history. ah. on april the 30th 1945, a red flag was hoisted over the rice turf. by this time hitler was dead with and his successor admiral done its negotiated a unit, natural surrender in the west with the allies and withdrew his divisions with somebody. and i surely appeared a sort of wooder cheer should have deal because to get our north star boat rather a boat. that blonde was more of the way the brought your so yes, go say you owe brozowski volume, little bit of a spoke or what a chart? ashley a democracy name's tanya. that's why this why you have good us when you least those jenny started up, so you with them before mom knew was more of them be sir jimmy manual on it. having received the information, stone and ordered marshal shook off to turn the army westwards. the allies understood a surprise attack wouldn't work out. then. charger beckoned click

in potsdam truman got a message. it's a little boy about the atomic bomb. when he told stone and about it, the soviet ledia showed little interest. uncle joe didn't understand truman thought that stalin already knew everything. with the issues raised in yalta, i lay down in potsdam and above all, europe's post wall architecture. germany was to pay reparations be deprived part of its territories. koenigsberg and its surrounding areas. would it be seated to the ussr? mm. say you is unique, your, for my memphis sure should years and as i've usually assess course, i also replied, you pull my sheer brain, yolanda, newest for, and none of the new esther kimble and mush nice from richard gam. dublin yeah. could scrub the relish of she cheer patrol at each cut on her horse fellowship. are you led? pushed lu i leah should the nurse let a japanese read as the most was the idea that the soviet by come into the civil war proven undisturbed. this solid assures him that the russians are coming in on schedule human rights in his diary, his father will be in the jap war by

in potsdam, truman got a message. it's a little boy about the atomic bomb. when you tell it's done and about it, the soviet ledia showed little interest. uncle joe didn't understand truman thought it started already knew everything. the issues raised and he also lay down in potsdam and above all, europe's post wall architecture. germany was to pay reparations and be deprived to part of its territories. koenigsberg and its surrounding areas would be seated to the ussr. we say using the gift with my mom is sure she doesn't deserve, usually assess. course i also replied, you pull my sheer brain yolanda numerous took for a none of the new esther kimble and mush nice from literature gam dublin yeah. could scrub the relish of shit tier patrol each quarter hor stella shepherd, lead, pushy wine. leah should the norse let a japanese read the most was the idea that the soviet by convinced that the civil war proven undisturbed, this solid assures him that the russians are coming in on schedule, filling rights in his diary, his father will be in the jap war by all his 5

in potsdam truman got a message. it's a little boy about the atomic bomb when he told stone and about it, the soviet ledia showed little interest. uncle joe didn't understand truman thought it started already knew everything. the issues raised and he also lay down in potsdam and above all, europe's post wall architecture. germany was to pay reparations and be deprived to part of its territories. koenigsberg and its surrounding areas would be seated to the ussr. mm. we say using the gift with my me and the sure should. houston's ivy, she says course, i also replied, you pull my sheer brain, you're not done. newest work for a none of the new. i stood kimball, a mush, nice from what richard. gam. dublin. yeah. could scrub the relish of shit, tier patrol at each quarter. horse fellowship. are your lead pushed the wine leah? should the nurse let a japanese read as the most was the idea that the soviet buy from is that the civil war proven undisturbed this fall and assures him that the russians are coming in on schedule hu

in potsdam truman got a message. it's a little boy about the atomic bomb. when he told stone and about it, the soviet ledia showed little interest. uncle joe didn't understand truman thought it started already knew everything. the issues raised and he also lay down in potsdam and above all, europe's post war architecture. germany was to pay reparations and be deprived to part of its territories. koenigsberg and its surrounding areas were to be seated to the ussr. mm. say using that gift with my men, please. sure. she uses ivy. she says course, i also replied, you pull my sheer brain, you, amanda, newest, her brain. none of the new or sticking below. mush. nice from article dublin. yeah . could scrub the relish of shit. tier patrol at each cutter hall. stella shepherd, lead, pushy wine. leah should the nurse let a japanese read the most was the idea that the soviet buy from is that the civil war proven undisturbed this fall and assures him that the russians are coming in on schedule, filling rights in his diary, his salary will be in the jap, war by all his

in potsdam truman got a message. it's a little boy about the atomic bomb. when he tilts down and about it, the soviet leader showed little interest. uncle joe didn't understand truman thought it started already knew everything. with the issues raised in yalta, i lay down in potsdam and above all europe supposed will architecture. germany was to pay reparations and be deprived to part of its territories. koenigsberg and its surrounding areas. would it be seated to the ussr we say, using the gift with my memphis sure should years. and as i've usually assess course, i also replied, you pull my sheer brain, yolanda newest for, and none of the newest workable and mush nice from article dublin. yeah. could scrub the relish of shit, tier patrol at each cutter or stylish shepherd, lead, pushy wine. leah should the nurse let a japanese read as the most was the idea that the soviet, by come in the civil war proven undisturbed. this solid assurance that the russians are coming in on schedule, filling rights in his diary, his salary will be in the jap war by august. 50

in potsdam truman got a message. it's a little boy about the atomic bomb. when you tell it's done and about it, the soviet ledia showed little interest. uncle joe didn't understand truman thought that stalin already knew everything. the issues raised in yalta, a lay down in potsdam and above all, europe's post wall architecture. germany was to pay reparations and be deprived to part of its territories. koenigsberg and its surrounding areas. would it be seated to the ussr we say using the gift with my memphis sure should years and as i've usually assess course, i also applied you pull my sheer brain yolanda new ester for a none of the new esther campbell mush neosha, richard galena, cut, scrub the relish of shit. cheer patrol at each cutter hall, stella shepherd, lead pushed, widely ushered banassi. just let a japanese read as the most was the idea that the soviets, by commence the civil war, proven undisturbed. this stalin assures him that the russians are coming in on schedule, filling rights in his diary. his dollar will be in the jap war by all his 50 gu