u. s. 5th. several defining questions over the last 15 years. the global financial crisis to the pandemic, to the war and ukraine. and as a re election to the us presidency of donald trump for a 2nd term has res. yet more existential questions for you or train, says you will put carrots on your pain. exports to the us, particularly on industrial sectors like car making at a time when they're struggling. he has also repeatedly warranty you, nations, to increase their defense spending. one of the presidents of the country stood up said, well sir, uh if we don't pay and were attacked by russia, what do you protect us? i said, you didn't pay your delink, which you said, yes. let's say that happened. no, i would not protect you. in fact, i would encourage them to do whatever the hell they was. you got to pay, you gotta pay your bills. i think this is a very profound shift in the world environment. in my own view is that she's probably the most profound shift in the world environment of my lifetime. martin wallace is a former world bank economist who