himself into rem president, he was quickly accepted by the united states and least 50 other countries has been as well as legitimate presidents. madura responded by cutting ties with the u. s. who he accused of working with quite whoa, and then refused to allow humanitarian aid set by washington to help with an ongoing food crisis. with us under former president, donald trump reacted by imposing crippling sanctions on missouri government. and then as well as main lifeline oil exports. the political crisis led to a lack of investment, food shortages and the migration of up to 5000000 van as well, and thousands of whom were considered part of a skilled workforce. ah, let's, i'll bring in our guests for inside story. joining us via skype from the venezuela capital card, i guess, is phil johnson, who's a senior analyst at the international crisis group from new york. vanessa women is the founder and ceo of a symmetrical, and that's a political risk research and strategic communications firm and from metadata and venezuela pull dobson, who's an analyst at venezuela analysis dot com. thanks for joining us on inside story. phil over to you 1st, previous attempts at negotiations b