several states or maybe an even larger history doesn't disclose its alternatives but possibly the five u.n. pt nuclear weapon approved states. what that action a clear example? nuclear proliferation by nations like syria and others just wouldn't have occurred and we would be in the process of reducing the number of states with nuclear weapons and there are several ways that could be done and scaling back a nuclear arsenals on an even much greater rate than is happening today. only hours is going down to read all the other nuclear weapon states in the world are going up in their weapons so yes, the world would be totally different. and no, it isn't going to solve our economic crises but it's going to keep us safe from threats of nuclear weapons, which today are increasing pace. >> we will now proceed with the next two speakers and probably we should go without questions between them so we can keep on time. if you have questions specific to georgia or darryl keep them for the end of the q&a. now we will turn to george, the director of studies of the carnegie endowment for international peace and