the u.s. army, they manipulated computer files to cover traces of the fraud. amid rising concerns of computer abuse, jerry and snyder attained national attention of the man's most famous computer criminal in 1972. the 21-year-old university of california computer engineering student was arrested for stealing about one quarter of a million dollars apartment from the telegraph company in california. by remotely accessing the companies computer with a touch phone and reselling the equipment to his los angeles telephone and telegraph company. a disgruntled employee of schneider's tournament, which led to his arrest for grand theft. -- turned him in. he only served 40 days of a three-month term in the county jail. hubert a computer security consulting firm, explaining to a reporter "it it took a lot of ingenuity to crack the pacific computer, and many large corporations are getting into computer systems. it opens up a whole new field to criminals.' in 1976, a government accountability office report iden

this computer was developed with a u.s. army from 1943-1946, initially to calculate artillery firing tables for the army's ballistic research laboratory. it can fire 5000 operations per second, and at 18,000, it took up 1000 feet of floor space and weight 30 times. -- wade -- weighed 30 tons. calculation of a firing people for a gun, which took staff two months, could be completed by any act by a day. the proliferation of computers through commercial, scientific and military purposes spread in the 1950's with a number of firms entering the computer field. between 1954-1959, for example computer sales increased 675%. ibm controlled about 70% of the global computer market. by 1977, computer sales reached $41 billion in continued to climb. -- and continued to climb. even so, the high cost of computers remains the limiting factor on sales. in 1975, micro instrumentation telemetry systems introduced a mail order build it yourself 256 byte computer. it began the personal computer revolution. thousands of people bought the kit for $400

and the u.s. army unveils cuts shifting towards smallest forces since inch. >>> good to have you with us i'm elizabeth puranam in doha. these are the top stories. in yemen, houthi rebels and forces backing the exiled president abd-rabbu mansour hadi agreed to a humanitarian truce. the pause in fighting starts until friday allowing aid to reach civilians. the ceasefire will last for a week until the end of the holily month of ramadan >>> the greek party to vote on a proposal who submitted a plan they hope will be enough to convince creditors to give it a third bail out. new taxes include tax hikes and pension cuts. >> and former foreign minister of saudi arabia decide saud al-faisal was only replaced in april this year >>> u.s. secretary of state john kerry has threatened to walk away from nuclear talks with iran, if tough decisions are not made soon comments suggesting iran and major world powers have a way to go to reach a deal. our diplomatic editor james bays has more from the talks in vienna. >> re

you have an entire u.s. army that's on pins and needles. will i be cut from my job or moved to a different unit. this comes from budgetary cuts and this is something the army has struggled with for several years. >> woodruff: this announcement puts everyone on notice. >> that's right. >> woodruff: nancy youssef, thank you. >> thank you. >> ifill: now, after decades of debate that ended in an emotional late night session in south carolina's state capital, the confederate battle flag controversy is reaching its end, in columbia, if not in the rest of the nation. correspondent william brangham has our report. >> brangham: it was a moment that many, on both sides of the issue, thought would never come: the governor of south carolina signing a bill to remove the confederate battle flag from the state capitol grounds. we are a state that believes in tradition. we're a state that believes in history. we're a state that believes in respect. so we will bring it down with dignity, and we will make sure that it is put in its rightful place. >> brangham

the u.s. army will cut 40,000 troops the next two years. they will drop from 490,000 to 450,000. this as the administration's plan to recruit syrian rebels to recruit isis is failing only 60 being trained right senator mccain blasting the strategy. >> there's no compelling reason to believe that anything we are doing currently will be sufficient to achieve the president's long stated goal of degrading and ultimately december froiing isil either in the short term or the long-term our means and current level of effort are not aligned with our ends. >> president obama reiterated there is no plans to put boots on the ground against isis. >>> a pair of gunmen shoot and kill three people at the university of maryland baltimore campus. two men jumped out and opened fire on four people right there in the street. two men and a women killed a fourth victim shot in the back is hospitalized in serious condition p. >>> an independent investigation into the freddie ray riot. they are having roundtable discussion

was the army specialized training program, in the u.s. army was the army specialized training program. in which they would take out mar tir army g.i.s, send them to college for better education and make better use of them. george became a part of the astp and was sent to city college in upper manhattan. and then in the most fortuitous situation, which no one could have predicted and it was just a lucky hit for the soviets george is selected for the special engineer detachment. we heard quite a bit about about it. but they were the junior members that assisted the senior scientists. they were graduate students, they were a special group and they were very important. george gets tapped for that and gets sent to oakridge tennessee. he has the run of the place. and he's using instruments that were designed earlier, the person who designed them measuring the radiation. so george is probably ingesting an e enormous amount of information about how uranium is enriched. and plutonium and basically has the run o of the place. right but living in the bar

first moved into the building. >> and u.s. armyight renovations and finally stofred what they were looking for. >> right here is a foundation made of the stone. >> reporter: down a few feet they uncovered the original 1815 stone found angss sangsation that supported the fort. >> it would have held up adobe walls. >> reporter: 200 years later, jones and her team are using foundations to map the original settlement. >> we're making the map as we go. what we found was a map makers dream, which is a corner. >> visitors coming across the work site will likely hear something they wouldn't hear at most arc logical digs. they happily give visitors tours of the site. >> that's actually the original foundation. >> reporter: jones says it's taken a year to dig 250 years into the path. >> we go from 2015 all the way to 1776. >> reporter: she estimates it will take another two decades to fully map the original settlement. >> there's information we can gather about a period that we no little about. >> nbc bay area news. >> really cool piece of h

military is about to shrink in three year's time the number of u.s. army drop from 490,000 to 450,000, that is what the pentagon is calling a necessary force reduction. >> these cuts will impact nearly every army installation both in the continental united states and overseas. >> reporter: the cuts come even as top generals are monitoring what they consider the most potent threats to the u.s. >> my assessment today senator is russia presents the greatest threat to national security. >> reporter: during the right of the u.s. led wars in iraq and afghanistan more than 470,000 soldiers were on the payroll and they will save $7 billion with cuts but the annual budget is still sizable at $126 billion. in fact, the u.s. spends more on defense in a year than the next seven largest militarys combined and even though russia and china have more soldiers than the u.s. washington spends about five times as much per service member as they do and means u.s. troops have better weapons and training. some in congress warn cutting troop levels is dangerous even as the army

we did by way of the associated press get word from the spokesman of the u.s. army recruiting center in fort knox kentucky that the army recruiters were able to get out and there were no injuries in that particular office but as we've been reporting the u.s. navy is saying there were shots fired at their facility which, as we understand it cross over with the national guard and the army facility that we continue to reference, that's why it's a little bit confusing here. it looks like there are different branches of the military represented in a few key areas. joe caranelli is a former commander with the new york city police department. joe, again, beginning of this investigation. where do you look first? >> first of all, the shooter, whether he's down -- if he's down or if he's -- you know if he's wounded or if he's there, hopefully he's taken alive if he's taken at all. you have two locations, you have multiple victims that you're now reporting. you have to see the condition. like john said it could be flying glass or he might have waited until i saw uniforms and s

meanwhile, the u.s. army announced today it is cutting 40,000 troops from its ranks, which will result in the smallest ground force since 9/11. >> these cuts will impact nearly every army installation both in the continental united states and overseas. >> reporter: 28 installations in all, the army is effectively firing 17,000 army civilians, too. >> these aren't cuts the army wants to make. these are cuts required by the budget environment in which we operate. >> the army is tasked with going from 490,000 active where their today to 450 in the next two years. they've got to come from someplace. >> reporter: fort benning, georgia will be cut by 29%. joint base elmendorf richardson in alaska will be cut by 59%. fort leonard wood in missouri loses 15% of its force. and scofield barracks in hawaii 8%. fort carson in colorado will shrink by 365 troops. the 25th infantry division will be stripped of its striker vehicle. >> it's bad news for the soldiers and their families. but it's probably recognized as good news

meanwhile, the u.s. army announced today it is cutting 40,000 troops from its ranks, which will result in the smallest ground force since 9/11. >> these cuts will impact nearly every army installation both in the continental united states and overseas. >> reporter: 28 installations in all, the army is effectively firing 17,000 army civilians, too. >> these aren't cuts the army wants to make. these are cuts required by the budget environment in which we operate. >> the army is tasked with going from 490,000 active where their today to 450 in the next two years. they've got to come from someplace. >> reporter: fort benning, georgia will be cut by 29%. joint base elmendorf richardson in alaska will be cut by 59%. fort leonard wood in missouri loses 15% of its force. and scofield barracks in hawaii 8%. fort carson in colorado will shrink by 365 troops. the 25th infantry division will be stripped of its striker vehicle. >> it's bad news for the soldiers and their families. but it's probably recognized as good news

so you got what amounted to a state of mutiny in the u.s. armyhat's a sense of walking down the road. now we've got a job to do, we're going to do it. >> you may be in jail, but you won't be dead. >> i figure since we're going home in the long run, just take it easy. >> all the people coming over now, vietnam people. it's the wood stock coming to vietnam. >> the public campaign against the war in vietnam took on a dimension here. >> students have protested, mothers have protested, everybody has. but the men who fought the war who know what it's like, know what they've been made to do haven't. it's the first time in history that they're going to do that. >> its doesn't mean a thing. [ cheers and applause ] >> good evening. the war in vietnam has often been camouflaged by misleading statistics. we are now in the midst of more forgiving statistics. they tell the agonizing story of the u.s. involvement of vietnam from four administrations of expanding committee. >> hoee's the one who leaks thi to the press. it would show that we made a terrible mista

the u.s. army corps of engineers and the e.p.a. go out and purport to be defenders of wetlands stewards, good stewards of our wetlands. yet the greatest cause of wetlands loss in the united states is actually caused by the historic, current and future actions of the u.s. army corps of engineers. in our home state of louisiana, we've lost over 1,900 square miles of our coast. over 1,900 square miles has been caused by the management or the mismanagement by the u.s. army corps of engineers of our coastal resources and the river resources, particularly the mississippi river. mr. chairman, what this amendment does is it simply requires that the u.s. army corps of engineers comply with the same standards as anybody else. if there are permits required, they have to get them. they can no longer mismanage our coastal resources. this isn't a parochial issue. this is an issue whereby the nation truly benefits from this. this is the area where fisheries production occurs, where energy production occurs. we literally power this nation's econom

. >> next, a 14 minute portion of a july 1965 u.s. army big picture episode titled "not for conquest." robert mcnamara updates reporters olivia damore, -- on the vietnam war and reviews military efforts around the world that the defense departments insist are required to maintain peace. [playing taps] >> piece. -- peace. war is a time when fathers bury sons. peace and freedom are the most valuable possessions of any society. peace, any day of it, must be bought and paid for. as the principal power in the military alliance of the free world, the goal of the united states is to use its strength to maintain the peace against the threat of conquest. in a dangerous and changing world, a massive military establishment is necessary to our common defense. this is the responsibility of the president. under him, by law, the secretary of defense is charged with securing and maintaining that military establishment. the secretary is mr. robert mcnamara. sec. mcnamara: i have here one of the new family of communist chinese weapons. this is a machine gun

this is the context in which one career u.s. army officer, and army air forces major, and a u.s.ou in kernel -- platoon colonel, four u.s. navy officers and a naval academy cadet, experienced and survived the war, and subsequently served as president of the united states. it is clear that wartime service and views about whether on and america's ultimately victorious struggle in concert with allies to it to feed the access powers -- to defeat the axis had an effect on their career. i generalization about the nature of that influence is not easily discovered as i wound over the last several weeks. the eisenhower's military career, stretching over four decades, is best known to all here tonight. born in texas in 1890, he grew up in kansas. he went to west point, graduating in 1915, spent world war i as a training camp commander. he attended the general staff college. graduating first in his class. served as eight to the former aef commander general john j christian. and was general douglas macarthur's chief aid in the philippines. he was called to washington after war broke out in e

u.s. air strike has struck an afghan army outpost. it happened monday morning local time. a u.s. rmy colonel says the incident is under investigation. . a critical fifa meeting is set to get underway in the next 30 minutes. they are expected to set a date for the next presidential election. sepp blatter announced his plan to resign. >>> banks in greece have opened their doors after three weeks. the level of emergency funding was raised last week. weekly withdrawals are limited to 420 euros. greek lawmakers will vote on more austerity measures on wednesday. world champion surfer is unharmed after this shark attack. the australian surfer was pulled from the water by a safety team. he struck the shark on the back to drive it away. >>> the british royal family is still facing scrutiny after british tabloid" the sun" after showing queen elizabeth appearing to be giving a nazi salute. >> reporter: "the sun" newspaper has sparked an uproar for posting decades old photos of six-year-old elizabeth giving the nazi salute. it shows elizabeth alongside her mother her sister and her uncle. buc

u.s.-lead wars in iraq and afghanistan, more than 570,000 soldiers were on the payroll. the armyve about $7 billion with these cuts but it's annual budget is still sizable at $126 billion. the u.s. spends more on defense in a year then the next seven largest mill -- militaries combined combined. some in congress warn cutting troop levels is dangerous, even that's army is threatening still deeper cuts. some analysts say it's not the size of the military, but how you use it. >> we ought to have an approach that allows a smaller army than this, which is to not get into occupational war fair in countries like iraq and afghanistan, and then we can be safe with a much smaller army than we have did. >> the obama administration says it wants to make better use of its defense dollars, and is betting this isn't a security gamble. >>> leaders from around the world will commemorate the genocide of bosnia. as nadine barber reports some of the victims are only now reaching their final resting place. >> reporter: for this man it's the end of a 20-year wait. she has already buried her husband an

only then will we know just how bad this crisis really is. >> 40,000 u.s. armysoldiers will be made redundant in the next years critics warn u.s. security could be affected. we have more from washington d.c. >> the core of the u.s. military is about a shrink. in thee years time, the number of u.s. army soldiers will drop from 490,000 to 450,000. this is what the pentagon is calling a necessary force reduction. >> these cuts will i am pocket nearly every army installation both in the continental united states and overseas. >> the cuts come even as top generals are monitoring what they consider the most potent threats to the u.s. >> my assessment today senator is that russia presents the greatest threat to our national security. >> during the height of the u.s. led wars in iraq and afghanistan, more than 570,000 soldiers were on the painful. the army says it will save about $7 billion with these cuts, but its annual budget is still sizeable at $126 billion. in fact, the u.s. spends more on defense in a year than the next seven large evident militaries combined. ev

. >>> the u.s. army formally announced it's reducing its ranks, and military officials are warning r more cuts. jamie mcintyre reports from the pentagon. >> reporter: at his senate confirmation hearing, marine general joseph dunkford was asked what keeps him up at night? he replied the lack of xart to respond to what is called the uncertainty, and this came on i day with the u.s. army said it. the army is blaming congress for its painful plan to muster out some 40,000 active duty soldiers it needs but can no longer afford. >> the army has to operate within the budget provided. part of that doing is restructuring and reorganizing to accomplish the army's mission in the best manner possible. >> reporter: under the plan the army would she had 40,000 ty duty troops and 17,000 civilian workers over the next three i years bringing it down from 570,000 soldiers in 2012 to 450,000 in 2018. with the end of wars in afghanistan and iraq it doesn't need as many soldiers but it's the smaller it's been since before wo

d the highest prisoner of war in the korean war he served as deputy commanding general of the 16 u.s. army at the presidio there is no more fitting place to have this million than right here as you look at the golden gate bridge looking at the national ceremony and cross the whole bay alcatraz i want to congratulate everyone for this success of the fundraising and the success of groundbreaking you're all my heros thank you (clapping) thank you very much. >> thank you chairwoman beck at all very well said were while we're on the presidio trust on my level a little bit lower than chairman beck at all our closet allies has been a man named michael bowing land achieve the park development for the presidio trust and an ardent ally since it's inception this was michael that first brought john stevens and don reed treasurer to view this site as a possible site for the million nevertheless to say it is beautiful and price also and chairwoman beck tail mentioned i'll ask you to join me in welcoming this michael bowing land michael (clapping) thank you, thank you good morning, everyone thank you for

. >> by the '70s, the u.s. army in vietnam had been essentially destroyed.gled with the vietnamese, we were getting killed. and there was no end to it. so you've got what amounted to a state of individual mutiny in the u.s. army. >> senseless. just walking down the road. >> i'm not going to walk down it. i'll walk down the trail. >> no. we're going to move out and they're going to be left behind. or i'm going to take the point. they can follow if they want to. it's that simple. we've got a job to do. we're going to do it. >> we are just going to refuse to do it. you may be in jail, but you won't be dead. >> you are supposedly withdrawing, right? i figure since we're going home in the long run, why don't we take it easy? don't go out and look for trouble. maybe just sit down. if they come to us, we fight. but going out looking for trouble and wasteding more waste /* lives for just time's sake. it's absurd. i don't know. >> the people coming over here are a lot different than they used to be. like world war ii people or the old vietnam people. it's the woodsto

so why is the obama administration cutting some 40,000 troops from the u.s. army? i asked congressman duncan hunter that very question. >> this president does not believe in american military might. it's that simple. you have probably one of the worst commander-in-chiefs we've had in the last two decades. the world has fallen apart around our ears. if you look around the world right now, it's a crazy place, it's not safe for americans to go, in parts of europe, asia, the radical islamists are starting to run wild and this president does not care. >> joining my now to talk more about all this is retired u.s. army leiutenant general tony schaeffer is there hi, judge. >> how does 40,000 troops protect the americans? >> well, it's not a good sign. as the congressman alluded to, there is real threats everywhere. the general testified to the fact he listed his top five. you know, russia, china, ian, they're all actors on the world stage and what frightens me, judge, is that as congress pointed out, this president has not tasked the pentagon to shape the force to be effec

. >> my brother 23 years of lieutenant colonel u.s. army. he spent a lot of time in saudi arabia and kuwait and has interesting stories. >> let's get right to it. it was at this time yesterday when we were reporting at first on the situation unfolding in chattanooga tennessee. we know four marines were killed at a naval reserve center and three others, including a police officer, were injured after a gunman opened fire and at a recruiting center at a strip mall. the suspected shooter has been identified as 24-year-old mohammad youssef abdulazeez born in kuwait and raised in tennessee. he wasn't on law enforcement radar and no ties to militants. now we turn to the heart break left behind by the senseless killing of the heroes. thomas sullivan among them 40 years old from massachusetts and served two tours in iraq and was awarded two purple hearts. and from the atlanta area lance corporal skip wells, a marine reserve. john is live in chattanooga. bring us up to speed on what you learned. >> reporter: we will learn more about what happened 24 h

budget concerns led to the cuts. 490,000 soldiers currently serve in the u.s. army. and the plans for the shrinking of the force come as the obama administration decides it's next steps in the fight against isil. >>> an f-16 fighter jet collided with a small plain in charleston, south carolina today. two people aboard the small plain, a single engine cessna, were killed. and the f-16's pilot ejected safely. >> reporter: tony, the two planes collided around 11:00 in the morning 45 miles north of charleston, south carolina, apparently at an altitude of between 2 and 3,000 feet. some of the debris from the crash raining down into a marshy area, including a rice field. the f-16 pilot has been identified as major aaron johnson. military said that he made a split-second decision to eject and he's going to be okay. major johnson is with the 55th squadron based in columbia, south carolina. flight wing commander, steven joe said that the pilot was on a solo training mission on his way to charleston to practice instrument approaches. >> our pilots are well trained to fly the a

but u.s. army captain carmen dikes of laurel said she never thought placing her 2-year-old in day care would be this stressful or this expensive. >> i wake up thinking about it guy to bed thinking about it. >> reporter: day care and her army post is filled so she is one of thousands of u.s. army parents nationwide who use the arm if i fee assistance program, a federal program that allows army parents to use pricey or private day care outside the post that provides money to them pay for it dikes says there is a problem, the army fee program doesn't always pay its bills on time, that they are months late on her payments. the money from the government isn't coming to you had to front it? >> they will be three months behind, we will have to catch our day care provider up three months puts us out a big chunk of money. >> this is a problem. >> reporter: kayla hensley says her payments from the program were five months late and that she nearly went broke. >> we were pinching penny to penny every single mo

the new cuts shrink the army by 40,000 soldiers affecting every army installation in the u.s. and overseas. no word on how the cuts will be distributed. the army says unless budget changes are made there may be more cuts needed in the next few years. if more positions are lost, the country may not be able to meet its current deployments. >>> the federal aviation administration is the latest to pull away from donald trump. the agency will rename navigation points used by pielots at the palm beach airport. the faa says in a statement that the agency generally chooses names that are noncontroversial. but trump has been under fire as he's running for the republican presidential nomination and made statements accusing undocumented immigrants of being drug dealers and rapists. >>> a second chef is dropping plans for a new restaurant in the old post office building. geoffrey zakarian said trump's comments do not align with his values, and that america is a nation built by immigrants including his family. jose andres also pulled plans to open a restaurant in that hotel. >>> the man who

omaha's early's connection goes all the way back into the late 1800s as the calvary and the u.s. armyok as an outpost -- fort crook as an outpost to combat aggressions by native americans, protect pioneers, as you have the different trails heading west. it developed into a ballooning training facility in the early 1900s. in 1924, the field at fort crook was renamed the after the first omaha aviator who died after world war i. from that point on, it was used by the signal corps, the air corps, all the way up into the 1930's and going up to 1940. then you have a big leap into military support and military activity. the support is driven by the creation of the martin company at fort crook. the secretary of war deemed for new bomber plants, aircraft plants, needed to be built in the interior of the country. a lot of this was to protect against enemy bombing or sabotage. the u.s. government realize that there was a good chance we would enter into world war ii, and also supporting our allies. 1940, glynn l martin company was commissioned to build a plant specifically at the field at fort cr

. >> the u.s. army announced deep cuts to its active duty fighting force today. affecting virtually every base here and overseas. jamie is here. >> reporter: at his senate confirmation hearing marine general, joe dunbar, was asked what keeps him up at night? and he answered, the lack of the u.s. military's capacity to respond to what he called the uncertainty. this came on the day when the u.s. army said that it's getting dangerously small. the army is blaming congress for its painful plan to muster out some 40,000 active duty soldiers that it says it needs but can no longer afford. the news delivered to the pentagon by a grim faced army general. >> part of that is restructuring and organizing with the army's mission in the best manner possible. >> under the plan, the army would shed 40,000 active duty traps, and 17,000 civilian workers over the next three years. bringing the army down from 5,000 soldiers at its height in 2012 to 50,000 in 2015. with the end of the wars in iraq and afghanistan it doesn't need as many soldiers, but it will be the smallest it has b

you know, someone wearing the uniform of the marine corps or the u.s. army is a target to someone who wants to make a statement against the united states government. a very visible statement and that is possibly what happened here in chattanooga. there are all sorts of low gistics issues or public safety issues that have to be considered. i think that we could probably increase our operational readiness and certainly operational security by providing certain personnel weapons to defend themselves, if we believe they are vulnerable. recruiting centers might be one of those or move the recruiting centers somewhere else where perhaps it's not as easily targeted as we found in chattanooga. >> moving them out of these strip malls. i was there in tennessee. on the left a cell phone store and on the right an italian restaurant and the recruitment center was no more protected. thank you both so much. >>> where is el chapo? a question, of course, mexican authorities are asking and authorities across the world. it's been a week since the mexican drug lord escaped from

. >>> a car bomb targeting a u.s. army base has killed 33 people. afghan troops, civilians including 12 people are among the dead. we have reports from kabul. >> a morning after a suicide car bomb exploded near an u.s. military base. women and children were killed along with women and men of the afghan security forces. the attack took them by surprise on a buzzy road after a long day of ramadan fasting. >> i was on my way home when suddenly a bomb cut off. i found myself here. >> the intended target was on the base of the host city. it was the site of the worse attack on the cia in decades. the camp is still home to international forces. in this attack like so many others in afghanistan it's civilians who suffer the most. the united nations said civilian casualties and injuries in the first quarter of this year are up 16% chaired to the same period last year. that's before the fighting season began. afghan security forces are also taking high casualties as they fight without the substantial support they used to get from nato. jennifer glasse al jaze

u.s. army specialists say it burned more than 250 acres. how it started is a mystery because there was no one in the air where the brush fire started. >> the training area where the fire started is just grass land so there were no soldiers training out there. >> reporter: black smoke could be seen for miles. just when they thought they had it under control.... >> the wind picked up and it took off on us again. >> reporter: two hours later firefighters were battling the flames again. the weather hot humidity and unpredictable winds. people who live in the neighborhoods watched the fire anxiously. >> there was a line right there and it started coming down the hill and it was down to the bottom in about less than ten minutes. >> reporter: they had engines on guard in case the fire spread. >> it could spot, embers fly and land somewhere else and take off. >> reporter: mother nature made conditions tough but human interference created complications. just as they were about to start air drops they noticed a drone overhead. >> worst thing that hap

a long story by the u.s. army war college on the role of black americans in combat during world war i, a study that was written in the 1920's and sent to the army chief of staff, concluded that "the negro is by nature subservient and believes himself to be the interior of the white man. cannot control himself in the face of danger to the extent that the white man can. he has not the initiative and resources of the white man. the negro is a rank coward in the dark. as a fighter he has been inferior even when led by white officers. the negro officer is a failure as a combat officer in world war i." close quote. when world war i began there were fewer than 3000 blacks in the army. by early 1944 the number had increased to three quarters of a million and the disparity between the avowed principles for which the nation fought and the start but critical reality of american life -- start critical reality of american life the legitimacy -- to the civil -- -- stark, critical reality of american life gave legitimacy to the

the one who ended up in the east directing all the u.s. army's, however, when he seemed to symbolize -- one of the things if you want to talk about the architects of the union cause and look at the military, grant to me and the people back then represented the citizen soldier fighting for democracy. fighting to save the republic. he was immensely important in consolidating support. he didn't have the union army camp was compared to the confederate army or the army of northern virginia. under lee, as far as the passion had for the confederates -- the confederates had for him. you cannot discount the union army. i think grant became a symbol of the union army and the symbol of the country staying together. gary: he appealed across political lines for most of the war. john: democrats -- joan: democrats and rebut lukens wanted him to run in 1864. he declined. matt: -- john: in addition to the political structures, you are right. when the war begins, the military becomes a third part of that. we talked in the lost cause being rooted and admiration for

the u.s. army said that coalition airstrikes deliberately hit cards to detonate improvise explosions they had hid inside. they'll continue to talk forces to help the iraqi forces operations and to protect civilian it's. >> now syria's president bashar al-assad has issued an amnesty for deserters from his army. it effects those who have runaway either within syria or abroad. assad has announced similar amnesties in the past, recently a year ago. >>> imposeing the death penalty for people convicted of terror terrorist crimes. that follows an attack in tunisia that killed 37 tourists. that followed an attack in march that left many dead. coming up we take a look at the asia pacific region and aid agencies come together to find new ways of saving the lives of mothers and their newborn babies. >> welcome back. here on al jazeera let's take you through our top stories. saudi coalition forces have announced a five-day suspension of their military campaign in yemen to allow aid delivery. >>> airstrikes aga

he said according to u.s. army policy weapons are not prohibited on those premises.ou can see there is a sign that says no weapons are allowed. a conservative group, which supports military members, this group is called move america forward. this group has been calling for more security at these recruiting centers for many years. here's what the army recruiting spokesman had to say about that. >> army recruiting center is the army in the community. if young men and women want to come and talk to us we need a nice, open area for them to come and do that. we need a welcome area. barricades barriers and built like a fortress is not an inviting atmosphere. >> he says that following this incident there will be an after-action review on recruiting centers and we'll see if the policy changes. there is a history of attacks at recruiting centers like this one. in 2009 a man opened fire outside of a military recruiting center in little rock arkansas. that killed one soldier and wounded another. he pleaded guilty and is serving a life sentence n. 2008, a bomb was placed in fron

so why is the obama administration cutting some 40,000 troops from the u.s. army? i asked congressman duncan hunter that very question. >> this president does not believe in american military might. it's that simple. you have probably one of the worst commander-in-chiefs we've had in the last two decades. the world has fallen apart around our ears. if you look around the world right now, it's a crazy place, it's not safe for americans to go, in parts of europe, asia, the radical islamists are starting to run wild and this president does not care. >> joining my now to talk more about all this is retired u.s. army leiutenant general tony schaeffer is there hi, judge. >> how does 40,000 troops protect the americans? >> well, it's not a good sign. as the congressman alluded to, there is real threats everywhere. the general testified to the fact he listed his top five. you know, russia, china, ian, they're all actors on the world stage and what frightens me, judge, is that as congress pointed out, this president has not tasked the pentagon to shape the force to be effec

first moved in to those original spanish buildings. >> the u.s. armyin did light renovation. >> reporter: finally, they discovered what they were looking for. >> right here is a foundation made of stone. >> reporter: down a few feet, they uncovered the 1815 foundation for the spanish fort. >> mud brick walls. >> reporter: now, exactly 200 years later, jones and her team are using the foundations to map the original settlement. >> we're making the map as we go. what we found was a map maker's dream, which is a corner. >> reporter: visitors coming across the work site will likely hear something they wouldn't hear at most archeological digs. >> welcome. >> reporter: on thursday through saturday the archeologists happily give visitors tours of the site. >> find stuff that's really old. >> that's the original foundation. >> we're really, really -- >> reporter: jones said it's taken a year to dig 250 years into the past. >> from 2015 all the way to 1776. >> reporter: still she estimates it will take another two decades to unmass the original settlement. >> a

the u.s. army has new wardrobe. the camouflage pattern is officially available for purchase. updates have been made and the uniforms won't increase if price. enlisted systems will receive a clothing allowance. full transition to the new look is expected by 2019. next at 6:00 -- >> $5, $500,000 i'm still fighting. maureen: the legal battle unfolding after a judge banned a family from smoking anything inside their own home including injens. plus, will we stay dry for tomorrow's fire works? brian van de graaff has timing of possible rain this weekend. maureen: new details on a northeast d.c. family's fight to smoke inside that i shall own home. the "7 on your side" iteam first broke the story four months ago. tonight, investigator joce sterman breaks down a new twist in a bizarre case. joce: the lawsuit against mozella johnson and her brother originally asked for half a million dollars in damages. the couple suing them dropped its down to $25000. but johnson still isn't backing dorn. she is not an attorney but she is playing one in court. >> this is the rules and the regulations

the u.s. army said that coalition airstrikes in fallujah deliberately hit cars with explosives they had inside, and they'll continue to target isil forces and resources to help the iraqi security forces operation and protect civilians. caroline malone, al jazeera. >> syria's president has announced an amnesty for military deserters. state television said that bashar al-assad's decree will lift penalties against thousands of people both inside and outside of syria. the syrian army is the region's largest but overstretched by the civil war. many have left syria or have found ways to avoid serving in the armed forces. >>> around 800 people crammed aboard several boats were rescued from the mediterranean sea on friday. the migrants, including women and children, are mostly from sudan, eretrea and syria. they were head to do so palermo in sicily. >>> filing a tax on tourist at replaces a 2003 bills which human rights groups say was used before the revolution as a tool to crush dissent. the government sa

the u.s. armyays coalition airstrikes hit cars to deton ate improvised explosives they had inside and they will continue to target isil forces and resources to help the iraqi security forces operation and to protect civilians. caroline malone al jazeera. >> coming up on al jazeera, barack obama is on a trade mission to kenya with a battle to contain extremism is high on the agenda. we will have analysis from nairobi. >>> the fight against drug resistant bacteria. how slow research is making matters worse. . >> >>t ♪ >>> welcome back. top stories here on al jazeera, the u.s. president has addressed a global entrepreneurial summit in the kenyan capitol. barack obama praised the country's young people calling on harnessing their business ideas. >> hitting areas in northern iraq targeting camps in the kurdistan worker's party or the pkk. at least 77 iraqi soldiers and shia militia men have died in their fight for anbar province. they were part of an operation to retake the main cities of ramadi and fal

we've also got a live interview with a survivor of the first shooting today, one of the u.s. army recruiters who was inside the military recruiting office when that gunman turned up and opened fire on that office. we've got the sergeant first class who was the lead army recruiter inside that office when the shooting happened. he'll explain to us exactly what happened today. that's coming up. please stay with us. >>> so here's one of the details that hasn't gotten a lot of attention yet but is a pretty incredible part of how this attack, this mass shooting, this murder of these four marines happened today in chattanooga, tennessee. and specifically how the shooter ended up dead. and that's the fact that there was a police pursuit in the middle of this attack. the mayor of chattanooga alluded to this in our interview with him at the top of the show, but what we know about this, this is basically the details that have been made publicly available. when the first shooting happened, law enforcement responded to that shooting. that was about 10:45 this morning. local police turned up at

if you have any financial vago: the u.s. army's announcement that it is cutting 40,000 from its ranks made headline but wasn't a surprise. by 201018, cuts from nearly every u.s. and overseas base will shrink the active force to about 450,000 troops. thout moreunding, further cuts are likely. that is why the army detailed ththe effects of the latest true productions. but you cannot cut spending then complain about the impact of those cuts. in-stat, cgress must hostly bate our defense future, starting with budget caps. at some point, it will get to small t to support pepeace time commitments much less wartime commissions. while presint obama went to the pentagon to discuss isi some lawmakers, decrying a lack of real strategy, want to craft their own approaches. that's good n news only i congress is serious about broadly debating strategy and resources rather than using national security as a backdrop for partisan politics. thanks for watching. visit us at defensenenews.com. see how greece's financial troubles could hurt wider europea

u.s.-led wars in iraq and afghanistan 470,000 were on the payroll and the army says it will save about $7h these cuts but its annual budget is still sizable at $126 billion,, in fact, the u.s. spends more on defense in a year than the next seven largest militarys combined and even though russia and china have more soldiers than the u.s. washington spends about five times per service member as they do and means u.s. troops have better weapons and training. some in congress warn cutting troop levels is dangerous as they threaten deeper cuts in the coming years and some analysts say it's not the size of the military but how you use it. >> i think we ought to have approach to our security and defense that allows us to have an even smaller army than this and is not to get into occupational warfare in countries like iraq and afghanistan and if we did that we would be safe with the small army we have today. >> reporter: obama administration wants to make better use of defense dollars and is betting this is not a security gamble. roslyn jordan, al jazeera, washington. >>> the head of the catholic

i'm here with shawn henry and msnbc military analyst, retired u.s. army colonel jack jacobs. is the pentagon going to have to give serious consideration to having people carry weapons or have more security at all of these army recruitment or military recruitment centers, i should say, around the country? >> i think they've decided they are going to have to provide more security in some fashion. i think in some instances they're going to decide that the recruiters themselves will be armed but there will be very few. they're going to work in coordination with the local police sheriffs and so on to provide security outside. none of these recruiting stations are extremely small. they're in strip malls like this. i think in this particular instance being armtded would not have assisted very much. there is one right down street from 30 rock. small recruiting station right in the middle of times square with thousands of people around. right now it's being -- security is being provided by the new york police department with dogs and so on. in some instances i think they're going to pe

in 1941 pierre enlisted in the u.s. armyy 1944 sarbling ent robinson became one of thousands of soldiers taking part in operation overlord, the code name for the allied invasion of france. >> this morning we went to omaha beach and that was really amazing because that is the beach that he actually came in on on june 6th 1944 d-day. >> it was just really amazing to feel like we were there with pierre. >> reporter: through the cloud gaps the airborne spearheads saw something of the invasion armada. >> you see in all the pictures, all of the ships and landings crafts all out in the channel. and just to see how much things have changed but still you can just imagine how massive this invasion was. >> reporter: pierre had made it back to france but with never again meet his french family. at his grave site with the french american families together after so many years josh delivered a eulogy to pierre. >> pierre survived the initial landing but on the afternoon of june 7th 1944 a third battalion was facing strong opposition just b