devastatingwas a defeat for the u.s. army. it resulted in the death of general george armstrong custer, who was a civil war hero, and in the death of almost 300 cavalry men. this was the most shocking event in u.s. history of the late 19th century. but within a very short time after this event, less than 10 years, plains indian warriors who were reviled by americans become a symbol of the united states of america. in this exhibition, we explore how it is that the battle of little bighorn remained immensely important in the consciousness of americans for over a century, and we explore exactly how it is that imagery of the planes indian stereo emerged as the typical american indian, and as a symbol of the united states. all of this is to say, we will be exploring how the image of the plains indian warrior was used to justify manifest destiny. our gallery, which explores the battle of the little bighorn, is divided into two halves. in one half, we look at lakota concepts of warfare and what the battle little bighorn was about from

to retcht the seventh district, staten island and southern brooklyn he previously served in the u.s. army, including leading a platoon in afghanistan where he was wounded by an i.e.d., earning a purple heart and bronze star. representative joseph morelli joined a few weeks before his classmates after winning his election to congress but also the election to fill the seat of louise slaughter for the remaining weeks of the 115th congress. he had previously serve in the new york state assembly since

the u.s. army built a highway in world war two and it's still the only land connection between alaska and the other u.s. states. the magnificent nature around it has been preserved and it still feels as remote and lonely up here as it always has. in one nine hundred forty two the small town of dawson creek in canada was made the starting point of the alaska highway. this is where the railroad ended and the u.s. army wanted to create a link from there through northern canada to alaska to prepare for any attack by the japanese. the new wilderness road was to be completed within months and unbelievable fifteen hundred miles long about twenty four hundred kilometers in america its opening was celebrated in various propaganda films with canada from the united states war department decided to build a military highway from rio grande at dawson creek british columbia to care about alaska to link up and supply the their fields and provide emergency act after a lot for open material. on march ninth one thous

next, forum on recruitment and retention challenges facing u.s. army. the association of the u.s. army's institute of land warfare heard from army general stephen townsend. this is one hour. . we are honored that you've chosen to join us here for the series and a distinguished speaker to kick off the new year. a couple of special guests i should tell you first of all that you find yourselves this evening in the sullivan conference and event center. [applause] 21st secretary of the army the honorable mr. secretary, thank you very much for being here. [applause] somewhere in my old division commander has joined us and we are honored to serve when you take the time to join us this great if it's a little pressure on general thompson which is a good thing. thanks very much for joining us. [applause] somewhere around here the 13th sergeant major of the army vice president and those would probably not argue with me to say the hardest working man in the army staff and director of the army staff lieutenant general joe martin. [applause] a couple of months ago the [ applause ] a couple month

leavenworth, and i was that unfortunate half, that unfortunate half of the u.s. army in 1990-'91 that didn't get to go to the great patriotic war, that being desert storm. i was stationed at ft. carson at the time. and we were undergoing a transition from older vietnam era platforms to new ones. and for that reason, we were to deploy to the middle east several months later, but of course, it was all over in less than four days. and so i thought, wow. i have missed the great armored conflict of the 20th century, and the rest of my life is going to be downhill from here. so to see this on the big screen, depicting in a way that i had never seen before the realism of combat, when probably i would assume everyone in here has seen the film multiple times. the opening sequence, very powerful in the cemetery, but when the ramps go down on the landing craft, and that mg-42 opens up and the chaos on the beach, and the sounds, as was so well illustrated in this morning's overview, it grabs you in a way that probably i know in my case nothing else had before. so i think movies,

the u.s. army and multi-two main is the new0 28 concept. with the establishment of army futures command, we passed the torch for evolving that concept to general murray and his team but we are staying tightly lashed with them as we move into the future. concept fromd that concept to doctrine and practice. number five, re-instilling our philosophy admission command into our armies leaders. there is a lot of agreement at mission command that it is the right leadership and command doctrine for our army. however, there is an alarming number of folks in uniform who don't leave that we as an army are consistently practicing the principles of mission command. this is kind of a surprising development and troubled me since i have entered into this job and been asking about mission commander in the army. we will be moving out to reinstall that across the force was training and operations. mission command is the right way to go, we've got to change the way a lot of our leaders between sergeants to lieutenant colonel's feel about mission command and our

i'm a veteran of the u.s. army and i would like them to look them into the installations where the defense and environmental restoration program has been a failure and there has been contributing health problems for veterans and their families, for their long-term health. i call on those sides of the isle to look into this and by looking into that, your establishing a committee and holding investigative hearings on this matter. ut the 1986 amendment to the c.o.r. gave department of defense too much of an opportunity to push this matter under the rug. and we have chronic health conditions that are not being looked at. host: why do you think it hasn't been addressed. the president focused on veterans' issues, why do you think it has been overlooked these years? caller: well, i have been researching this for five years nd the problem is pretty large-scale and has to do with t looking into other than -- host: the house is gaveling back in in the chair.

europe and there was something called swift response whether paratroopers from the u.s. army poland and the british army jump into poland and latvia and any historian can look at that to draw a parallel between that and the operations of what advice would you offer to the multinational planners looking at those operations moving forward? . >> them a lesson is an interesting point that you make is the idea of dropping airborne forces well in advance of the main bulk of the troops was risky. general bradley was horrified that when people suggested remedy to do parachute forces as well for operation cobra. and with that strategy as part of the ground forces are concerned. so now i can understand if the situation of the baltic that they do need to have that tripwire and those airborne forces to drop is one way to provide that the we have learned through pretty dangerous area that shall we say russian forces are stronger on the ground than their air force i had to be at the ministry of defense as you are well aware the great operation from what was just taking place. and the swede

he lost his left arm while serving as an officer in the u.s. army during the vietnam war.consin added only one new member to their congressional delegation, representative brian style elected to replace his onetime boss, paul ryan. he served on the wisconsin -- university of wisconsin board of regents. before that, he was an attorney who worked in corporate law. michigan elected for new numbers of congress, all democrats. andy levin succeeded his father, sander levin, in the ninth district. thelevin previously owned clean energy firm and worked on energy issues in the administration of former -- of a former michigan governor. rashida tlaib is the first palestinian-american woman and the first of two muslim women elected to congress. she previously served in the state house. congresswoman alyssa foxconn of michigan's eighth district served a variety of roles in the pentagon during the obama administration, culminating as acting defense secretary first -- secretary for international security affairs. she previously had jobs in the cia and state department. haley stevens star

he previously served in the u.s. army. including leading a platoon in afghanistan, where he was wounded by an i.e.d., earning a purple heart and bronze star. representative joseph morelle joined the house a few weeks ahead of his classmates, after winning both a seat in the 116th congress, and an election to fill the seat of late congresswoman louise slaughter for the remaining weeks of the 115th congress. congressman morelle had previously served in the new york state assembly since 1991. including five years as majority leader. new congress, new leaders. watch it all on c-span. >> this week on the communicators, consumer technology association president gary schapiro on the major issues facing the 39 $398 billion technology in the u.s. >> because i also see where the future is going with technology. we know robotics will be here. artificial intelligence, drones, self-driving cars, individual oriented medical treatments, certainly biotech in a way we've never experienced before. block chain technology. all of these are co

be then example would alamo did not have a roof in 1836. 10 years after the battle as the u.s. army was heading down into mexico, they decided the alamo had a four sturdy walls and would make a good storage materials iftheir they could put a roof on it. they did. they also necessitated increasing the height of the front facade. the facade you see today looks very different from what you would have seen in 1836. steve: give us a tutorial. what happened in 1836 and at the alamo? this was a time when the predominantly anglo -- anglo population in texas in general was unhappy with the way the mexican government had been dictator ofand the the santa ana had established himself in mexico city. they were rebelling against changed theo had constitution in 1824. they wanted to break off from mexico. trying to bulk up and defend the city of the san antonio with of the alamo. orders --een given there were suspects of whether they should have even been there , whether the alamo was considered defensible. some of the hiring or ranking andrals, began houston others, did not think it was defensibl

the u.s. army wanted to demonstrate the capabilities of modern airpower and chose a douglas airplane to fly all the way around the world. it had never been done before. using the torpedo bomber as a basis, the dublin -- the douglas world cruiser was created. five airplanes were built, specifically to fly around the world. they launched from cloverfield here, flew up to seattle. the airplanes were equipped with wheels and floats. at that point, they were converted to see planes and began to journey westbound with a range of about 800 miles. a long string of navy ships were stationed in the oceans along the flight path. there was tremendous support from the army. the voyage took six months. approximately 750 hours of flight time at 100 miles per hour. miraculously, no crews were lost. one of the airplanes did crash. it was replaced by another one. another sank in the atlantic after an emergency landing, but there were no injuries or loss of life. it really was a wake-up call to the world that air tra

when a u.s. army officer saw the thoroughfare, it was winter and the valley was green and huge expanse of brown. ,t remained vivid for carlton even after he left new mexico for california. when he returned 10 years later and took command of the department of new mexico, the union army had forced a brigade of 3000 texans back to san antonio and believed they had won the west for the union. their hold on the region was tenuous. during their conflict with the confederates, the apaches and navajos rated union and and hadate army camps attacked the union troops under james carlton coming from california to the rio grande. in the fall of 1862, james carlton sought to make the hold on the west more secure and bring the west more fully into the union by making war on the apaches and navajos. his plan had four parts. first, threaten and initiate a war of extermination. in his orders to his commanders, he told them to kill all of the men and take the women and children prisoner. would forceed, apaches and navaj

agnes, sacred heart, and u.s. army, endured to this day. he's survived by his wife and children, and his loving grandchildren. my thoughts and prayers go out to john and his family as they continue to remember and celebrate his life. my next in memory is mike fair, sr. i would like to close today's meeting in memory of michael fair, sr., known as the mayor of west portal. he was the father of former supervisor mikael al yoet oiot. his defining characteristics were his warmth, his playful and witty sense of humor. most importantly, he cherished those he loved. he demonstrated this on a daily basis. his friends and family say hez gratest legacy was how fervently and unconditionally he loved them. mike will be remembered for one of his most significant gifts, his social and friendly nature. i remember running into mike with my father-in-law several times at the olympic club, and he always lit up a room. he was run to be with, he employed an avid curiosity and genuine interest in people. mike understood the art of conversation. he paid intentio

he previously served in the u.s. army, including leading a platoon in afghanistan where he was wounded by an i.e.d., earning a purple heart and bronze star. representative joseph morelle joined the house a few weeks ahead of his classmates after winning both the seat in the 116th congress and an election to fill the seat of late congresswoman louise slaughter for the remaining weeks of the 115th congress. congressman morelle had previously served in the new york state assembly since 1991, including five years as majority leader. new congress, new leaders, watch it all on c-span. >> this week on "the communicators," consumer technology association president gary shapiro on the major issues facing the $398 billion technology industry in the u.s. gary: because i see where the future is going with technology -- like, we know robotics will be here, drones, self-driving cars, individual oriented medical treatments, certainly biotech in a way we never experienced before, block chain technology, all these are coming. how do you s

what we been doing for a long time is u.s. army recruiting that is their job not the army's job.what we are doing now is having a fusion board that meets monthly, and it pulls together all the resources we now have the ability to task leaders in the army in fact the big five and the secretary and under secretary, the chief and sergeant have all opened up their calendars to this process, and they are willing to go out into america and help us spread this message. the secretary has personally said i want them to start helping with this effort and they are spread across the country if you are not familiar with that term. most of them you find the majority associated with major installations across america and sort of an interface between the community and the army. they are also the eyes and ears for the secretary across america and he's asked them to start helping and they all came now be tasked by this process after asking for their input how can we best interface and the communities. i mentioned earlier we are moving out of the traditional recruiting strongholds across america we

congressman mark green first came to national attention as president trump's nominee to be u.s. army secretary. he would prove his name from consideration after his nomination drew criticism for statements he had made about transgender people and muslims. pointa west judge -- west he spent time in both afghanistan and iraq taking part in the mission that captured saddam hussein. militaryiring from the he cofounded a company that provides staff for hospital emergency room's. he was also elected to two terms in the state senate. he also owns and operates a farm that has been in his family for a generations. early in the 2000's was tennessee's commissioner that culture. south carolina also has two new members of the house. republican william timmons in the statears senate before joining congress. he owns two fitness companies and operates a law firm in the greenville area. joe cunningham is the first democrat since 1981 to represent the charleston-based first district. lifearted his professional as an engineer working on newtime congress -- congress, new leaders. watch it all on c-span.

to retcht the seventh district, staten island and southern brooklyn he previously served in the u.s. army, including leading a platoon in afghanistan where he was wounded by an i.e.d., earning a purple heart and bronze star. representative joseph morelli joined a few weeks before his classmates after winning his election to congress but also the election to fill the seat of louise slaughter for the remaining weeks of the 115th congress. he had previously serve in the new york state assembly since 1991. new congress, new leaders. watch it all on c-span. >> the government shutdown now in its 34th day. the senate rejected a measure with funding for the border wall that also included provisions for daca recipients. and the straight government funding bill without border wall funding. the house approved temporary funds for the homeland security department with no money set aside for the president's border wall plan. the house would give homeland security enough money to continue services through february 28, to allow for egotiations. we continue to vote to pay our federal workers. it is untena

>> u.s. army. >> u.s. army. thank you for your service.y to our servicemen and women. so i'm gonna ask you a question. you get it right, i'll give you a thousand dollars. >> all right, soun >> let's play "who wants to be a millionaire." [dramatic musical sting] thousand-dollar question.categoe rock and roll hall of fame? >> got me out here struggling. s-t-ruggling out here. let me see. performers, nonperformers, early influences, rock-- groupies. >> which of the following is not the name of one of the categories for inductees at the rock and roll hall of fame? performers, nonperformers, early influences, groupies? >> i'm gonna go with, um... d as my final answer. >> whew. [laughter and applause] >> i hope i got it! hey! >> be honest, y'all were all just as worried as i was. y'all were just as scared. you're in this car with me. you got it right, paul. [cheers and applause] i--i hope you were messing with me. you had me worried for a minute, man. all right, that's a good way to end the game. thanks for being with us. for everyone who's been

bring you remarks from u.s. army general steven townsend on recruiting challenges currently facing the army, he will speak at an event hosted by the association of the u.s. army, live at 6:00 p.m., eastern, on c-span 2. >>> and looking at our prime time schedule on the c-span networks 9:00 p.m. eastern on c-span, a discussion of war and the use of social media. at 8:00 p.m., on c-span 2, the communicators and a look at the development of artificial sbhejs and ways that the u.s. and china are currently developing it. at 7:30 eastern on c-span 3, panelists mark the 50th anniversary of the civil rights movement in northern ireland. >>> and now, customs and border protection commissioner testifying on border security operations and immigration enforcement at the u.s./mexico border, lawmakers talked to him about the use of force against migrants trying to cross the border near tijuana mexico in november. held by the senate judiciary committee, this is about two hours 15 minutes. >>> we welcome everybody that's in the room

i served in the u.s. army and the military intelligence division and i think three times. total i've been homeless. so three times after i got out of the service i've been homeless. the world doesn't exactly offer our military families are surviving families a place of where they can just kind of fall apart and that's ok and if they need to lay out in the yard and cry. they can and i thought were hell the world doesn't offer it's but i can see how everything about it what we're creating here is hopefully a sense of sanctuary. a sense of acceptance that's the goal. of. a lot of people believe that this area house county. and then why specifically need to have special healing and spiritual energy. i've been told that the dalai lama has commented on it but this is a special place in the world for that. the last year i was in the military i worked as casualty assistance we saw hundred eighty seven deaths that year so. i was very involved with the funerals. i took that job very seriously and honored to be able to do it. yes. there's. a casualty assistance and what they do is no

one of them was the fact that at this time the u.s. army is rounding up indians and confining them to reservations. the other thing that's happening is the black hills are being flooded by prospectors and minors. new that there is gold in the black hills. president grandsons in a military expedition. he sends this military expedition into the black hills to confirm whether or not there's gold fair. the issue is in the fort laramie treaty, political sovereignty over the black hills was clearly acknowledged. beyond that the black hills are sacred to the lakota people. the respect and preservation is of a paramount importance. and how concept of leadership to a value system. for a man to distinguish himself as a leader in society, he not only had to exhibit bravery, but he also had to exemplify certain virtues, for example wisdom, fortitude, generosity. these values had to be acknowledged in him and seen in him by others for him to be respected as a leader. exploration into concepts blowup of, we have a unvarnished view of the battle. this led

he previously served in the u.s. army, including leading a platoon in afghanistan, where he was wounded by an ied. representative joseph morelle he joined the house a few weeks ahead of his classmates after theing both his seat in 116th congress and an election ito to fill the late louise slaughter's seat. orellessman m previously served including five years as majority leader. , new leaders, watch it on c-span. of the statete address, washington's governor outlines goals for college affordability and getting more consular's and mental health professionals in schools. [applause] thanknslee: thank you, you rabbi for your inspiring words. thank you sergeant for the beautiful rendition of the anthem and for your service in our army national guard. i would like to extend a warm welcome to former governor terry lockyer today. thank you for your leadership. [applause] and i would like to welcome the new legislators who have stepped up to serve the people of this state. i want to congratulate your families, who are now going to

>>> later in the show why the u.s. army is looking to top liberal cities to solve the recruitment problem. can it work? and a whole lot more on, "making money." ♪ charles: well you know what? since that christmas eve debacle selloff, whatever you want to call it, this market, the underlying word, the key cakic has been resolve. we're seeing it. since we saw the 650 point drubbing in half a day trading on christmas eve. we're edging towards the point, at this point a lot of money has to come into the market. check out passive investing, more it goes up they have to bring in more money. jpmorgan chase chief economist anthony chan, former fed advisor danielle dimartino booth, sure vest ceo chief investment strategist rob luna with us as well. let me start with you, anthony. this idea perhaps china has thrown out one trillion dollars, makes you salivate. certainly making the market salivate. nothing we know of with respect to ip, the other issues, it's a pretty big enticement. >> that is a pretty big enticement charles, but wha

likewise experimenting with electrical brain stimulation the u.s. army is using the research to a drone pilots who have to stare at screens for hours on end looking for proverbial needles in haystacks the slightest lapse in concentration could mean disaster. transcranial brain stimulation cancer can be increased concentration and attention span. so are you looking at our future. too but inevitably there will be debate over the extent to which we should employ something like neuro enhancement to improve the natural functions of the brain events are doesn't and i'm among those who see it with a critical eye because you have to ask yourself just how much you're willing to interfere and such an organized we only do it with other organs when they're not functioning like putting a pacemaker in a diseased heart and you've always got to ask what side effects are going to have and to what extent boosting one particular brain ability might weaken another. but lots of questions are open so this form of brain doping is still a distance. and now we tend to see animal

general on recruitment challenges facing the u.s. armyonight, on "the discussed the" we race between the u.s. and china to develop artificial intelligence. i think the u.s. companies, the best of them tend to be phd driven, research driven, aiming for a

interestingly, both general marshall and general hap arnold of the u.s. army air force were very keen on making use of the first allied airborne army. they invested a lot of money it in, invested a lot of effort and resources in creating this new organization. so as one person right live said, i it was burning a hole in their pocket. they were dyingeye it. monte had apolune, people didn't look at the plan that closely. and again, as i said the general atmosphere of victory euphoria. they were making that terrible mistake of historical parallel. they saw the situation in early september 1944 as the same also the august 1918 the german army was on the point of collapse. that was desperately underestimate thing german got a recover from a disaster. so that's covered on the american side. churchill was, of course, much involved with so many other things at that particular time but he was keen on the idea that monte's plan, even though it was incredibly optimistic, was a chance, anyway, for the british somehow to get back ahead and have more influence in allied con

. >> next a look at recruiting challenges for the u.s. army. we hear from army general steven townsend, in charge of recruitment and retention for the army. this is part of a forum hosted by the association of the army's institute of land warfare. after his remarks h

thompson who had the retention for his branch of the military posted by the association of the u.s. army's institute of warfare, this is an hour