argus fits inside this pod that attaches to the belly of a uav. but because much of the work is classified, we can't see the sensor itself. antoniades: because we are not allowed to expose some of the pieces that make up the sensors so you get to look at pretty plastic curtains. narrator: also known as "wide area persistent stare," argus is the equivalent of having up to 100 predators look at an area the size of a medium-sized city at once. this image was taken 17,500 feet above quantico, virginia and covers 15 square miles. this whole image is at a very, very fine resolution so if we wanted to know what is going on in any spot along this image, say near this building, at this intersection we can generate a moving image that shows what's going on in the area. narrator: simply by touching the screen, antoniades has opened up a window showing a detailed area while still maintaining the broader context. antoniades: and everything that is a moving object is being automatically tracked. the colored boxes represent that the computer has recognized the m

karem: my uavs were not meant to be armed. it was really built for the cold war when we had the big tactical challenge with so much artillery on their side and so much artillery on our side. narrator: with two large armies facing off uavs could be used for espionage, but not attack. then, after 9/11, america started targeting individuals. karem: now we are fighting non-state enemies, so it starts making sense to arm the uav which is not my intention in the beginning. narrator: in october 2001, an armed predator changed warfare forever. deptula: i was the commander of the air operations against afghanistan where we actually used for the first time a weapon off the mq-1 predator. the advantages were enormous an order of magnitude beyond where remotely piloted vehicles had been just ten years prior in desert storm. narrator: since this initial strike, drones have proven so effective that the air force is now training more remote pilots than manned fighter and bomber pilots combined. so play on the scenario. narrator: at holloman

as brilliant as the uav drone system is -- >> as brilliant as the uav drone system is, at the end of the day, there has to be someone who tells it where to fly. in many cases, it is a human source. zarqawi, it isr clear that the debriefing of a detainee was vitally important to the outcome. we know from certain movies floating around now that detainee interrogation is a very important issue. that raises the question of how you interrogate detainees. in the book, you are about as clear as anyone i have ever seen. you say torture is "self- defeating." you described the very elaborate steps you took to make sure that any detainee in your chain of command was not abused and was housed in a facility that was -- was not a five-star hilton, but it was an appropriate facility. at one point, you said to your troops that anyone who was involved in detainee abuse would be court-martialed and expelled from the task force. why did you feel -- why do you feel that torture and how you handle detainees appropriately is so important to winning this conflict? >> that is a great question. let me first

most of the uavs were flown from the united states, the actual people on the stick. and whether they are good people or not, they're a long way from you. and of after the operation -- and after the operation they're not in the mess hall with you, you're not getting that cultural touch. so at the beginning of the war, we had quite a disconnect. at one point we're watching this target, and suddenly the uav turns around and leaves. of course, i'm losing my mind -- [laughter] and i would have choked the guy, but he was thousands of miles away. [laughter] so we asked what are you doing. he says, well, weather's coming in, and i don't want to risk this unmanned aerial vehicle. and i go, i give a shit about the unmanned aerial vehicle. let it crash. but it was a cultural difference. he'd been given one set of cry criteria, one set of what's important. good person making good decisions. absolutely wrong decision for what we needed. it would have been greater to fly that thing until it crashed if it accomplished our mission. what we found we had to do was pull them in togethe

--uav. there's been confusion because we did talk a lot about the surveillance camera video that eventually got to us. i will give you more information about that because i think it is important to understand how this happened and as you know, congressman, the annex was not under my authority, informs was flowing into another agency, -- information was flowing into another agency, more than one agency, and more than one other agency, and those people were incredibly brave but overwhelmed as well. >> mr. kennedy of massachusetts. >> thank you, mr. chairman. madam secretary, thank you for what i can only describe as a truly exemple player career -- exemplary career. i have two broad-based questions for you, ma tam secretary. -- madame secretary. you have held this office for four years at an extraordinarily challenging time in our history. we passed the two-year an verse -- anniversary of the arab awakening and we're veeg ports from africa and the mideast around pakistan and afghanistan, as yo

and not from the annex, nor from any uav. there's been confusion understandably because we did talk about the surveillance camera video that eventually got to us. i will give you more information about that, because i think it is important to understand how this happened. and as you know, congressman, the annex was not under our -- my authority. so information was flowing into another agency, more than one other agency. and those people were incredibly brave by overwhelmed as well. >> mr. kennedy of massachusetts. >> thank you, mr. chairman. mr. ranking member and madam secretary, thank you for what i can only describe as a truly exemplary career. i look forward to the future for you. i have two broad based questions for you if i can, madam secretary. you now have held this office for four years in an extraordinarily challenging time in our history. we're seeing we've recently passed the two year anniversary of the arab awakeni awakening. spreading out through the middle east. and iran, pakistan, afghanistan. as you close on

way to hezbollah, hezbollah is the only terror organization in the world with ballistic missiles and uav drones. why is there not iranian nuclear weapons? but this is not only the terror aspect. a nuclear iran will be the end of npt as we know it and the middle east will become even worse neighborhoods. saudi arabia, they really care, they're concerned about a nuclear iran more than israel. they will go to pakistan the next day. they already paid for the bomb. they only have to bring it back home to a chinese missile, egypt, turkey, iraq, every country who believes to be a regional super power will no nuclear. nuclear balance that will include many participants is not stable. and if it is just israel against iran, the main concept of mute tule assured destruction that basically stable the cold war is not there any more. because there is no communication between iran and israel. we are celebrating the 50th anniversary of the cuban missile crisis. at that time, the soviet union as an embassy in washington, d.c. bobby kennedy, the brother of the president went to the ambassador in the sovie

uav's, radar, other proven surveillance systems that will give the border patrol the ability to detectd illegal entries into the united states, it's achievable and can be completed within the next few years if we commit to it it. the next most important step it to ensure that we don't repeat the mistakes of 1986, where we gave amnesty to 3 million people, promised the border would be secure and now of course we're dealing with 11 million people here illegally. so that has to have increased and fines on employers that knowingly hire illegal workers. we have to have employment verification system that will end the hiring of future unauthorized immigrants. we need to shut off the magnate that attracts illegal workers. we will put in place a legal worker program to provide a humane and effective system that allows immigrant workers to enter the country without seeking the aid of human traffickers or drug cartels. any immigration legislation that passes congress must establish practical, legal channels for workers to enter the united states whether they're high skill, low skill or agricultu

to combat this, we need to continue to invest in high technology, uavs, radar and other proven surveillance systems that will give the border patrol the ability to detect and apprehend illegal entries into the united states. it's achievable and can be completed within the next three years if we commit to it. the next most important step is to ensure we don't repeat the mistakes of 1986, where we gave amnesty to 3 million people, promising the border would be secure and now of course we are dealing with 11 million people here illegally. so that has to have an increase in fines on employers that knowingly hire illegal workers. we have to have employment verification system that will end the hiring of future unauthorized immigrants. we need to shut off the magnet that attracts illegal workers. we will put in place a legal work are going to provide a humane and effective system that allows the immigrant workers to enter the country without seeking the aid of human traffickers, drug cartels, and any information that passes congress must establish practical legal channels for workers to enter the

uavs, radar, other proven surveillance systems that will give the border patrol the ability to detectries into the united states. it is achievable and can be completed within the next few years if we commit to it. in the next most important step is to ensure we don't repeat the mistakes of 1986 where we gave amnesty to 3 million people, promised the border would be secure, and now, of course, we are dealing with 11 million people here illegally. so that has to have increase in fines on employers that knowingly hire illegal workers, we have to have employment verification system that will end the hiring of future unauthorized immigrants, we need to shut off the magnet that attracts illegal workers. we will put in place a legal worker program to provide a humane and effective system that allows immigrant workers to enter the country without seeking the aid of human traffickers, or drug cartels. any immigration laeegislation tt passes congress must establish practical, legal channels for workers to enter the united states, whether high skilled, low skilled or agricultural workers so we c

. >> well, the controls on the empty fee are, the controls of the exports of uavs are strong, and those capable of traveling beyond the range of only 300 kilometers and carrying a payload above 500 kilograms are subject, as i'm sure you know, to a strong presumption of denial where an advocate of strong control and partners feel that we've ensuredded these remain appropriately controlled, and i think that will be very important given that there are more and more countries interested in such technology. it will remain very important. that's not to say we have to amend them over time with technology, change it, but it remains important with strong control. >> what about the practice that is developing of leasing or representing out drones? it's argued this could be a way, and it is, and releasing drones in afghanistan, does it -- do those have to comply to the same regulations a little bit like the question you gave -- the reply you gave to mr. gapes. can we assume if they are rented, the same rules would apply? >> that shouldn't be a way of getting around the control. i'll ask for con co

. >> the controls on -- under the mtc are the controls on the export of uav's. those capable of traveling beyond a range of 300 km are subject to a strong presumption of the nile for -- of denial for export. that will be important, given there are more and more countries interested in such technology. effective controls in this area will remain very important. that is not to say we do not need to amend them over time but it will remain very important to have strong controls. >> what about the practice of leasing drones? it is being argued this could be a way of getting around some of the regulations. given that the u.k. is self released these drones and afghanistan, to those have to comply to the same relations -- regulations? can we assume that if they are rented, the same rules would apply? rex there should not be a way of getting around the controls. the same controls apply, as i understand it. >> following the remarks, were you saying that the british government will resist any attempts to weaken the missile technology control regime in relation to drones? >