and now we are joined by pavel podvykh, a researcher at the institute of un disarmament studies in geneva, head of the russian nuclear forces project, mr. pavel, welcome to the espresso channel. good afternoon, i have a lot of questions for you, so i will start with the most relevant ones. on october 25, russia held a grom exercise with practical launches of its ballistic missiles. what is the purpose of such exercises, was there anything unusual for you in these exercises and why, by the way, was there no such intimidating rhetoric from the kremlin, as was the case with previous such exercises last year and the year before last, and what exactly if the enemy uses those samples in these exercises , which were there before, so what does this indicate? well, as for the teaching that which recently took place, these are completely standard trainings that are conducted annually. for several, quite a few years, as a rule, the composition of the forces that participate in them is approximately the same , that is, it is usually a land-based ballistic missile, submarine-launched missiles , bomber

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opportunities are among the other things that have been mentioned in the report of the research institutions of the un-affiliated institutions. according to research from the thousand annual murder case by the police is filed only about 10 cases. at the same time as the 23rd anniversary of al-aqsa intifada, palestinian groups emphasized their support for al-aqsa mosque with a rally in the gaza strip. these groups emphasized on continuing to confront the zionist occupiers and declared: the efforts of the zionist regime to change the historical facts in the occupied jerusalem and al-aqsa mosque have been unsuccessful and have met with failure . palestinian groups, while declaring their strong opposition to the efforts and actions of the zionists to divide the time and place of al-aqsa mosque, emphasized the path the resistance and struggle against the occupying regime will continue with the aim of achieving the palestinian people's right to freedom and independence and ending the occupation. thank you for your support, have a good day. dear friends, have a good night. mr. sami, a respected member of the

and now we are joined by pavel podvykh, a researcher at the un institute for disarmament research ineva, head of the russian nuclear forces project. mr. pavel, welcome to the espresso channel. good afternoon, i have a lot of questions for you, so i'll start with the most relevant ones, that is, on october 25, russia held the grom exercise with practical exercises. its ballistic missiles. what is the purpose of such exercises, was there anything unusual for you in these exercises, and why, by the way, was there no such intimidating rhetoric from the kremlin, as was conveyed by previous such exercises last year and the year before last, and what exactly if the enemy uses in these exercises those samples that were there before, so what does this indicate? well, what? concerns the exercise that was conducted just the other day is completely standard, an exercise that is held annually in russia, around october, for several, quite many years, and as a rule, the composition of the forces that participate in it is approximately the same , that is, as a rule , it is a land-based ballistic mis

and now pavel podvykh is joining us, he is a researcher at the institute of un research in the fieldf disarmament in geneva, head of the russian nuclear forces project. mr. pavel, welcome to the espresso channel. good afternoon, i have many questions for you, so i will start with the most relevant ones. on october 25, russia conducted the grom exercise with practical launches of its ballistic missiles . the year before last, and what exactly if the enemy uses in these exercises those samples, which were there before, so what does this indicate? that is, as a rule, it is a land-based ballistic missile, missiles from a submarine, bombers with cruise missiles. therefore, these exercises do not stand out in such a way that, moreover, many paid attention to the fact that attention was emphasized to the fact that russia will practice the use of a massive nuclear strike, and here it is also worth understanding that this is quite standard rhetoric and a scheme of actions that will practice during such exercises, namely the strike in response to the attack, i do not think that here there are

un says it is in deep negotiate options for urgently needed aid. well, with us now is mark ullmann, director of the crisis research institute . afternoon to you, mark. tell us then what efforts are you trying to make in terms of this conflict? to make in terms of this conflict ? well to make in terms of this conflict? well i'm afraid i'm analysing it. >> i can't really offer, i'm afraid a solution even theoretically, there is a the problem is this, as you've hinted in your previous guest is in some ways an insoluble solution. the idea of a two state solution, though, you would have an israeli state, a predominantly jewish state, and a palestinian state, a predominantly muslim state seems to have been killed by hamas and hamas has always opposed compromise with israel, whereby you would get a partition of the historic territory of palestine going back hundreds of years into israel and the palestinian state. they have wanted a state dominated by them from the river jordan to the mediterranean sea. >> but can you have only a military solution to this? surely it needs a political solution as well. >> well, this is the problem, al