. >> by only 1776, america was fighting britain in a war for unagainst, but without a navy, around -- independence but without a navy, artillery or gun powder. only france and spain, who were the historical enemies of britain, had both the motive and the naval and military trent to defeat the dish strength to defeat the british. we needed their alliance. but they would only do so if america was seen not as fighting a civil war, but rather, as fighting a war as an independent nation. as john adams pointed out, foreign powers could not be expected to acknowledge us until we had acknowledged ourselveses as an independent nation. and thomas jefferson said a declaration of independence alone would allow european powers to treat with us. so the declaration of independence was, in fact, an engraved invitation asking france and spain to fight alongside us. that's why i say it was not just the declaration of independence, it was also the declaration that we depend on france and spain too. now, the americans knew that france and spain wanted a rematch with great britain. they had come out very