mayor undera deputy ed koch. there are just a number of people that have not sought the office. in 88, you may recall that jesse did better than any other second place candidate. those persons that we got registered voted for me in 1989. it was a four-way race. the metropolitan transit authority. the most articulate and knowledgeable person i have ever encountered. the conventional wisdom was that we would not win. you have to get 40% to avoid a runoff. election, general 9/11 has not yet occurred. a margin of only 50,000. >> to what do you attribute that? my response was always, why do you ask? the answer, i believe, is racism. we lost by about the same margin in 1990. in the book i mentioned racism, but that is not the total reason. in 1989 if have one a lot of white folks had not voted or me. laterainly did not lose of the solely because black that did not vote for me. well insm is alive and our country and certainly new york. it is not as bad as it once was. dr. king'sy that dream has not yet been realized and things are not what they need to be. but thank god would they are