so you have to start with underground. can't have a city without it. >> host: have you read steven johnson's work on the london underground? >> guest: no, i don't -- oh, on the underground. >> host: right. >> guest: yes, yes. well, also, i tried very hard to finagle a trip. they had a 150th anniversary of the underground, of the tube. and they had a steam train, and i tried very hard to finagle a trip, but that didn't work. >> host: what was the importance of the underground subway system opening? >> guest: the underground was important. it wasn't, it was part of a whole. the development of the idea of public transport not as a private means of profit, but as a way of an entire city profiting that public transport makes life possible for everybody. there was an expression in the 19th century that for the poor you had to live near your bread which meant live near where you worked. and, of course, what public transport does is it means that isn't the case any longer, and it's a way of cleaning out the slums. you don't have t

you have underground pipes, you have underground valves. they get what they call tuberculin built up. you would compare it to a 100-year-old man that has heavy cholesterol. they could be 6- or 8-inch mains, but being 100 years old, they actually may be 2-inch mains. and they reduce the amount of volume of water that's available to us. johnson: there were a number of things that we have had to do in order to get the system back up to an acceptable standard. replacing mains and valves and fire hydrants and other components of the system to ensure that it operates properly. egan: we consider both the underground infrastructure and the above ground assets to be a part of the critical infrastructure of the city. johnson: and if the infrastructure is not there to actually deliver that water in the volume and the quality that's necessary, then communities simply can't exist. man: infrastructure is vital to the american economy. water, after all, is an essential ingredient in hundreds of thousands of everyday products. narrator: agriculture and ind

i do have a chapter on underground cities, because we may end up living in underground cities. nuclear war is one kind of threat, and there's other kinds of radiation disasters that can happen as well. so radiation disaster is a very imminent threat. maybe not imminent, but it's one of. >> it's a scenario. >> it's definitely a scenario, it may have caused mass extinctions in the past, so, yeah. >> thank you. >> hello. >> hi. >> earlier in your talk you mentioned there will be pockets of people with access to technology as there are now and i'd say the apocalypse is already here just not recently distributed. once you get past how dirty everything is in africa and there's no electricity, it's really fascinating to see how people can do so much with so few resources. in your research, did you look into how people in the developing world are already dealing with an apocalypse in their own way? >>s. i don't talk about it directly like that, but that is -- i mean, what you're saying is absolutely true, and that's part of why it's important to remember that the apocalypse is complica

or should we have built those underground cities we can go to? do you have any thoughts or comments? >> yes, i do. >> we don't have any control. >> we don't. and you use also be working on building underground cities. so, please start soon. but -- and actually underground city would we great if there were a supervolcano. so the volcano in yellowstone is actually not the same kind of volcano that ended the permean period. they were both supervolume cane knows because they eject a lot of material but the one that ended the permean was very long term eruption, lasted at least a thousand years and opened big vents that were powering tons t- pouring tons of laugh very and goo into the atmosphere. another scientific term, goo. so the volcano at yellowstone -- it would collapse. there i would woo be vents -- there would be vents that open up but probably only last for a week, and the main devastation would be, again, ash, ash entering the environment, getting into the stratosphere, and there wouldn't be -- beyond the boundaries of the park. ... >> it wo

you have underground pipes, you have underground valves. they get what they call tuberculin built up. you would compare it to a 100-year-old man that has heavy cholesterol. they could be 6- or 8-inch mains, but being 100 years old, they actually may be 2-inch mains. and they reduce the amount of volume of water that's available to us. johnson: there were a number of things that we have had to do in order to get the system back up to an acceptable standard.

. >> as they reach tout rescue the young and the lost trapped in chicago's underground sex trade. >>> rising from the shores of lake michigan, the skyline of chicago sparkles and soars, but beyond the glittering facade of glass and steel lies a city at the crossroads of america's underground sex trade. >> relax, okay, sweetie? don't be nervous or anything. >> tonight police find this young woman selling sex in a hotel room more than 600 miles away from her home in arkansas. local authorities say it's an all too common occurrence in the windy city. >> it does happen here in our own backyard. in cook county, chicago is a transportation hub, it's a convention hub, and it's ripe for this type of crime. >> how did it go in court? >> the state's attorney anita alhave a easy heads up the task force, a joint effort by local police and prosecutors to combat the booming underground sex trade in chicago and the surrounding suburbs. >> do your parents know where you are? >> i think that we're really not going to get anywhere or make a dent into this crime unless we as local prosecutors do more. >

so i do have a chapter in the book on underground cities because we may end up living in an underground city. i think, you know, nuclear war is one kind of threat and then there are other kinds of radiation disasters that can happen as well. so radiation disaster is a very eminent threat. maybe not imminent, but it is one of the threats. it is definitely a scenario. may have even cause mass extinctions in the past. >> thank you. >> hello. >> earlier in a documented you think there will be talk with greater access to technology, and i totally agree and say the apocalypse is already here. is just not evenly distributed. i spent time volunteering in a clinic in rural africa, and once you get past town dirty everything is, it's fascinating to see how people can do so much with so few resources. in your research, did you too much looking into how people are already dealing with an apocalypse in their own way? >> yes. i don't talk about it to recollect that, but that is -- i mean, what you're saying is true, and that is part of why it is important to remember that the apocalypse is complicate

it's used very much by researchers as it relates to the underground railroad. the next book is a compendium of scenes. the delaware seem to my check louis. defined in hear some beautiful illustrations of this particular print that he had for delaware. he was the famous diller portrait artist and artist in general for dollar. his works are displayed throughout many state buildings. and this list of hair he has limited edition of materials that he this going to be -- that he painted. this document. it is a beautiful surveyor's guide as it relates to one of our cities in delaware, nanticoke city. and it was a relationship, there were measuring property lines for the train service here, but what you will notice here is the beautiful coloring that they have here and have this particular book was an actual level of a map at the time. so this is used a lot by individuals that our research in property, homes that someone had been a particular area. so this is one of the gems of our collection. and of particular interest is the state bible. we may be the only state -- i

has an underground cable and fed by a very close substation that feeds the entire san francisco munis power grid. >> they should have a lot of power. >> this is a good facility from a power reliable perspective. >> thank you, that answers a lot of my questions. and having gone through a facility or a residents that have overhead wiring and new house for the last thirty 30 years has been under grounds and we've had two out acknowledges in 30 years and not many because you are not susceptible to weather conditions. it seems to me the back up use of the generators would be very limited. maybe the sponsors can say what you are making to make it more environmentally acceptable in the case that it does have to be used even for short periods of time. >> where it's supporting biofuel. we believe to use it and we absolutely will if we can. there was also a vibration issue. we are exploring the possibility of putting the generator on spring isolate oris for the mechanical equipment and specifically for the exhaust the biofuel would be one way to dramatically reduce the particulate. >> so you th

a rare and unsettling look at the chronic drug problem that goes hand in hand with life in the undergroundex trade. >> that's the most i have seen in forever. >> the unfortunate reality of it is that we arrest hundreds and hundreds of girls involved in prostitution. only a handful are not involved with a type of narcotic. as time goes on, these girls need that numbness or fix to continue to go on from the work their doing. >> in countless hotels and motels up and down the boulevards of motor city, the same scenario plays out tonight and every night. a young woman sits in dark drinking or shooting dope trying to forget the last john and waiting for the next one. >> he is rolling in right now. i see his brake lights. >> sometimes that next day is actually an undercover cop. >> 219. >> the woman in room 219 is no stronger to police. >> i don't approve of what you're doing here, but if you're going to do it be safe. >> my baby's birthday is tomorrow. it really is. whatever. >> she is 32-year-old crystal manuel, a mother of four with a long history of prostitution and drug charges. >> she indic

. >> a lot of the raiders that i work with our like underground writers.hey're just coming at publishing and at being a writer from this underground way. coming in to the library is awesome. very good for the library to show this writing community that they are welcome. at first, people were like, you want me to read at the library, really? things like that. >> as a documentary, there are interviews -- [inaudible] >> radar readings are focused on clear culture. strayed all others might write about gay authors. gay authors might write about universal experiences. the host creates a welcoming environment for everybody. there is no cultural barrier to entry. >> the demographic of people who come will match the demographic of the reader. it is very simple. if we want more people of color, you book more people of color. you want more women, your book more women. kind of like that. it gets mixed up a little bit. in general, we kind of have a core group of people who come every month. their ages and very. we definitely have some folks who are straight. >> the loy

the key notion is that undergrounding would be taken over as a project of the city.t would be administered by the city. a arely relevant example of how to do this is in san diego. it's been going on in san diego. this task force looked at san diego, used san diego as a reference point. recommendation number one is develop a long-term [inaudible]. recommendation number 3 is important, it can be funded without financial stress on anyone's back. surcharge you to be able to -- san diego surcharge is 3%. i want you to know about this. please move forward with your own task force recommendations. thank you. >> thank you. next speaker, please. >>> good afternoon, john [speaker not understood] from san francisco. this is just something to think about. i call it from the past to the present. the mad man sent to the gas chambers, first by the hundreds, then by the thousands, and then by the millions. and the world cried. we gave them the homeland and they took a nation. [speaker not understood] the homeless, by the hundreds, thousands, and then millions became refugees and wen

the hospital and mob, along with an underground pedestrian tunnel connecting the two buildings under van ness avenue, constitute the cathedral hill medical center consideration of a resolution of intent to initiate general plan amendments, pursuant to planning code section 340, to: aa amend map 5 bulk mapp of the urban design element to reflect the maximum bulk dimensions proposed for the cathedral hill hospital and mob; bb amend map 1 generalized land use and density plann of the van ness area plan in order to designate the cathedral hill hospital and mob sites as "the van ness medical use subdistrict" and increase the allowable far for the mob site from 7.1:1 to 7.5:1, cc amend map 2 height and bulk districtss of the van ness area plan to create a 230-v district coterminous with the hospital site, thereby increasing the permitted height to 230'-0", and dd amend the text of the van ness area plan to facilitate the development of a medical center at the transit nexus of van ness avenue and geary boulevard and reflect various elements of this use. this requested action is associated w

. >> it will in fact our environment and our underground water. >> northern poland. this is a picturesque land forms, rolling hills, and pristine forests. the people of fish the independent and proud of their home. some are worried. borland has found itself caught in a global hunt for natural resources. the region around the city is rich in underground gas and energy companies want to drill for it. to do so that have to use a controversial method known as a hydraulic fracturing. in the u.s., this has been linked to a host of social and mental problems. these polish communities have heard the horror stories and don't want this in their backyard. the industry disputes such consent. >> we allow them to go and speak for us. we allow them to speak based on misinformation. >> this is growing globally, into the u.s., into europe, and the world beyond. some countries have imposed a moratorium. others, including poland, have in place to it with over 100 concessions awarded. with overbraced it, 100 concessions at. this is an organic farmer. his farm sits on a gas hot spot. he

underground when he got some chest pains. underground when he got some chest pains. that construction pit and then hoist him up to an ambulance. he is now hospitalaried. so word at this pg.ried. >> investigators will talk to the pilot and co-pilot of the asiana airlines flight. they want to know what the crew did wearing the flight and in te hours before the plane left south korea. investigators have not determined if one of the girls was hit by a rescue vehicle responding to that crash. and a service will be held in kereer tott, arariona, for the firefighters killed while battling a wildfire. vice president joe bidden is expected to attend. people have been leaving notes and pictures to remember the firefighters. people across the nation will attend the service. >> the whole fire service is a great big family. we pretty much do whatever we can for each other. >> iat ts been real moving to m. >> the wildfire that killed firefighters a almost fully conwnined. this is the greatest loss of life for firefighters since 9/101 back

a whole bigger thing the black market is not just about drugs and guns it's about the informal underground economy where you're doing trade with someone and if you're in you're in gauging in trade directly with that person for a whole host of different services unimaginable right now for instance you can do feelings like decentralized public services like health care or hospitals if not needing a central authority or not for example it's like when you walk for out the city there's all these wife i hotspots which people lock because they don't want to unlock them because people world suck their bandwidth you know by downloading torrents or then people have to foot the bill for that now if you use big point people can unlock their their internet why fight and get money back as people use their wife i and then that and then that incentivize people to become providers of internet and it incentivises the creation of mesh networks or it turns it also talking a lot of censorship on the internet talking of wife i imagine you're a fire away from internet like you're somewhere and the jungles of nic

a whole bigger thing the black market is not just about drugs and guns it's about the informal underground economy where you're doing trade with someone and you're in you're in gauging in trade directly with that person for a whole host of different services is unimaginable right now for instance you can do things like decentralized public services like health care or hospitals if not needing a central authority or not for example it's like when you walk for out the city there's all these wife i hotspots which people lock because they don't want to unlock them because people world suck their bandwidth by downloading torrents or then people have to foot the bill for that now if you use big point people can unlock their their internet why fight and get money back as people use their wife i and then that and then that incentivize people to become providers of internet and incentivizes the creation of mesh networks alternatives like sucking up a lot of censorship on the internet talking of wife i imagine you're a fire away from internet like you're somewhere and the jungles of nicaragua is bec

s. >> many, he suspects, are indentured servants in the underground sex trade. reveal they're not free to leave the premises. >> getting a lot of customers here? no customers. >> today he is quick to notice telltale signs that often distinguish legitimate massage parlors from houses of prostitution. >> there's a lot of signs. typically you can look from the outside of the facility. there will be double doors or locked gates. there will be cameras on the outside of the facility so they can view the whole sidewalk. >> hi, health department. >> you walk into the facility. you will find girls that are ill properly dressed. you will find high heels, lingerie, condoms, lubricants. does anybody sleep here? >> nobody. >> another indicator of human trafficking is any evidence that women are actually living on the business premises. like fully stocked kitchens, mattresses, and drawers stuffed with underwear. >> see, too many clothes here, too. what do you need all these clothes for? that's fancy massage. special massage? >> today inspector walsh is following up on a tip t

. >> you are saying that all pg & e power is underground at this point because there is some dispute with the neighbors with whether that is true or not. >> as far as the information that i have received from pg & e, there is underground cables that feeds this transformer. >> okay. i would like to make a note in the record and if there are pg & e overhead lines serving this facility, then i think >> on that motion to approve this. sugaya, no, wu, fong, that motion passes 5-1 with commissioner sugaya voting against. >>> commissioners that will place you on items 14 a and b. at 450 hayes street for conditional use authorization and the zoning administrator will request for rear yard modification. >> good afternoon president fong and members of commission, my name is kevin guy with staff. the project would dmol issue a construction parking lot and have 41 dwelling units and 20 off street parking spaces. >> excuse me. those members of the public leaving the room, can you exit quietly. >> the center court beyond yard configurations does not allow for a courtyard. the zoning district may m

i think streetscape clutter can also mean looking at what's happening underground as well. and the better streets plan, this is the cover, provides specific guidance on how we should be designing our streets too achieve the opposite of streetscape clutter, basically a coordinated approach to streetscape design. and here is a policy lifted directly from the better "street signs". minimize visual clutter in the streetscape environment. and there are a few strategies that it discusses in order to achieve this. the first is to minimize unwanted or not unnecessary elements. so, think about what we're putting out on the streetscape, whether it's necessary, whether there are other places it could go like on private parcels, and really being conscious about what we put out there. the second would be to consolidate or share different elements as possible. this could mean utility [speaker not understood], it could mean street lights, it could mean street tree guards that double as bike racks or anything like that, sort of capote atev i have thinking about how elements can serve more

it's good news to show the real face of those people that were underground. >> meanwhile the other story that is side tracking this one is oil. how much of what is happening in egypt or throughout the middle east, broadly speaking is the threat to the stabilitity of oil prices? >> you know, the price for oil is a function of the stability of the middle east to a certain exten. having said that, no doubt the production of shale oil in the united states, europe and some of the other countries in the world and the production of small oil and gas in those places, australia and canada will put more pressure on the price of gas in the coming years and decades. >> are you investing in the u.s. more than you had in the past? >> our investments in the united states was in twitter, where by now it's clearly doing well. >> you think twitter will go public? is that your exit? >> yeah, i think twit already have to go public and that they learn today lesson from the facebook going public. i think they will be patient. and not rush things at all. >> my thanks to the prince. up next "on the money," what

the talk is going to continue, but the real action is going to go underground, mou is the time to tunnel and build the subway and now is the time to connect our north and south communities between the densist neighborhoods on the west coast and the city that will grow in the decades to come. >> as we celebrate today, i challenge all of us not to stop in china town. we should continue to come together quickly with a vision of where the central subway should go next to north beach, and the fisherman's wharf that is our next challenge. but we will take a moment today to celebrate what is a great day in san francisco, the amazing technology that these machines represent show that san francisco, we know how to make muni a world class transit system for the world class city, congratulations. >> thank you, president chiu and so the central subway ends in district three but the project starts right here in district six where we are standing and i mention that had we are underneath the cal transbut right on fourth street and we are all standing and sitting right on fourth street d so we are takin

let's not forget the muslim brotherhood has been an underground organization for more than 80 years ayearning for power. now the army says that it is the end of the story. they will never accept it. >> if it is confirmed that morsi can no longer be president, according to the military, what are his options? will he go to the muslim brotherhood? will he go out on the streets? >> no one knows what's going to happen. of course, the opponents of morsi are very happy in tahrir square but there are many supporters of the brotherhood who will now be veryng and nobody knows whether there will be clashes or not tonight. the decisive question is this -- will the military be able to form a transitional government with some muslim brothers being included? or will they refuse in a cooperation? in that case, egypt is really going to embrace quite a few problems because you cannot exclude half of the population from and political participation. >> as you know, the way that egypt goes, the arab world follows. this is the first arab spring country going back to the old ways. what repercussions will th

easy to get hold of the gas that lies underground. >> north korea has some explain its shipsr one of were seized going through the panama canal carrying what appears to be missiles. this was an attempt to break you and resolutions on arms trafficking. >> it has the ingredients of a thriller. in the panama canal, a north korean freighter is seized with what appears to be a clandestine cargo of missile parts. the ship is still being searched after reportedly arriving from cuba last week. hidden beneath sacks of cane sugar. this is restricted under you and sanctions. the panamanian president ordered a personal inspection. this is extremely sophisticated. it appears that these are aerial defense missiles. we don't know what is in the other containers. panama is a peaceful country, not one of war. >> here's the breakdown of the route taken by that ship. analysts say the ships transponder which would normally decision, was switched off. they passed through the panama canal, it's stated destination, cuba, then it disappeared. and it wase back searched. north korea has few friends internatio

there is plenty of water underground so crops can grow. authorities plan to have 13,000 hectors cultivated and they want to set up 180 wells to water the farmland. foreigners will be the major partners. a private company from the united arab emirates is funding most of it. foreign businesses will manage the farmland loaned from sudan's government. in may, sudanese businessmen invited foreign corporations to invest in the country. >> translator: sudan has lots of land that is perfectly suited to farming. and there is an abundant supply of water. >> reporter: saudi arabia, qatar, and other gulf countries don't have much farmland. so they find sudan's access to water appealing. >> we have a different varieties of our food basket, let me say. one of our major investments is really in sudan. >> reporter: sudan's minister of investment expects foreign involvement will help the development and later create jobs. >> we have no money to this infrastructure. investment is going to do it. investment is going to provide me with jobs, high amount of un