people also live underground. so they dug houses underground. people dug those houses 60 under the ground. [inaudible] when you think of the kind of resourcefulness and creativity that you need to be able to do these, but also when you think of the fact that parents thought it was so important they could get children out of the plantation but put him in those caves and some of the children never got out of the caves. when you're a parent, when you think about, it's really hard wrenching that the best option that those parents found for the children to be free was for them to live underground. and one thing that also that i found -- you have all these incredible people want to be free and remain free. at the same time what i found was that the story that people lived underground newspapers in the south didn't mention that when they discover decades. nobody had anything to say about that. there was no command. even the abolitionists didn't mention it. this is really, i mean, the maroons lived underground for as unseen. >> so that's what we mean i'

. >> a lot of the raiders that i work with our like underground writers.hey're just coming at publishing and at being a writer from this underground way. coming in to the library is awesome. very good for the library to show this writing community that they are welcome. at first, people were like, you want me to read at the library, really? things like that. >> as a documentary, there are interviews -- [inaudible] >> radar readings are focused on clear culture. strayed all others might write about gay authors. gay authors might write about universal experiences. the host creates a welcoming environment for everybody. there is no cultural barrier to entry. >> the demographic of people who come will match the demographic of the reader. it is very simple. if we want more people of color, you book more people of color. you want more women, your book more women. kind of like that. it gets mixed up a little bit. in general, we kind of have a core group of people who come every month. their ages and very. we definitely have some folks who are straight. >> the loy

one possibility is to put the carbon dioxide back where it came from -- in underground rock formations. the midwest regional carbon sequestration partnership is investigating this strategy which will help mitigate the effects of the continued use of fossil fuels for energy. renewable energy sources are another option. and in golden, colorado, the natural renewable energy laboratory is trying to scale up processes for creating biofuels from the products of american farms their goal is to supply up to a third of the country's gasoline needs within 25 years. both projects are pushing the limits of modern science in hopes of leading the way to a more sustainable energy future. 40% of the world's electricity comes from coal. coal is the fossilized remains of ancient vegetation. and with global reserves that could last over 250 years it is the cheapest and most abundant nonrenewable energy source available. but burning coal produces exhaust products including not just water vapor which is most of what we see coming out of smokestacks, but also carbon dioxide, an invisible greenhouse gas that

tunnels storing radioactive waste about six hundred meters underground. this abbreviation eventually made it into the plants surrounding area and was detected in the air by nearby monitoring stations. despite the alarming news planned and government officials have maintained that the amount of radiation released did not constitute a threat to health. alright well today is election day in washington dc incumbent mayor vincent gray has long been considered the favourite to take the helm for the second term the real corruption scandal involving the mayor could result in his indictment leaving the mayor ship of the nation's capital completely up for grabs our cheeses ham sap has more voters in washington dc in head to the polls today to pick up a new mayor the democratic primary in the winner today is all but guaranteed to move on and win the general action as well the big question today is whether or not the city's current mayor vincent gray can survive corruption allegations to go on and win a second term. five individuals associated with the mayor's two th

the shared open space and the underground parking garage were constructed and this air rights lesserhe final approvals and subject to the commissions approvals the project will begin construction in may of this year. the blocks 6 and 7 affordable projects provided 589 parking spaces. and the reduction is for the possibility to reduce to 8 spaces if the funding 0 space is not secured. those will be shared by the affordable projects for marketing reasons scalp will pay for the construction of 25 extra spaces and increase the 85 to one hundred and 10 parking spaces. the project area has no minimum parking requirement and has a maximum of one parking space per unit. this will not result in the market rate exposing the parking space for one unit. the tenants will have access to parking. so the affordable housing will not have parking parking costs for block 6 are typically more expensive duce to the underground parking garage. project costs exposed available sources as the affordable units was maintained. this is not considered a change or the approved design because the number of parking

from south of the transit circle fully underground and tie them would the new station go at the parking lot level and bring them through park merced and get back over to the east side of the street by the way of a before this on the park merced side on the street. this one summarizes why that is higher performing than the other option i'm skill over that but some of the highlights are including a major improvement in the light rail travel 7, 8, 935 or 40 periods of time savings over the corridor. and also major i'll talk about operating costs later but i'll highlight the opportunity to revillain the street. if you think about the railroads what that space is and work ever able to give back we can widened the sidewalks and also build in several places to cross the street and reduce the dance about thirty percent and last one i'll highlight is enable the capacity for the ocean view the most you see out in the corridor is 2 arrest train we can actually fit 4 car trains and that's not a benefit only not project area but benefits market street. the cost that when you think about 7 to 8 minut

did some of that, comedy underground. it was rough, but fun.ed, union stri laviolat. this is really. great to see you. >> love to see you, dude, you look amazing. >> jimmy: i love the beard. don't let any body tell you any differently. >> jimmy: dave attell. "comedy underground with dave attell" airs saturday nights at one am on comedy central. and dave's special "road work" is now available for download. when we come back music from cut/copy. it's chaos out there. marks. go! o!, to your but the m-class sees in your blind spot, pulls you back into your lane, even brakes all by itself. it's almost like it couldn't crash... even if it tried. the 2014 m-class. >> jimmy: i'd like to thank julie bowen, dave attell, and apologize to matt damon and the pope, some people are very confused about the twechet. i have to say. "nightline" is next, but first, their album is called, "free your mind" here with the song "meet me in a house of love" cut/copy. ♪ ♪ don't shed your tears just meet me in a house of love you know when you're ♪ ♪ there cos the colours

it is a perfect place, not only for a station entrance but to stage the construction of an underground station without undue disruption to the neighborhood. yet, in a few months, that station is going to revert to the ownership and probably get turned into condos. whaaat but when we are finally ready to build the subway, it may take us a decade to find site to do it. they had to take half a million dollars to find location of the current church. today we're at 173,000 to study whether or not we should extend the subway. my operative word is yes. thank you for your support. >> the thank you. the last card i have is mr. wong. >> al ward wong. we all love subways. as a transit person, i've been in subways all over the world as many of you have but we oppose this allocation of 173, $212 for a subway study. unfortunately, as we have seen, the subway is taking valuable scarce funds for the rest of the systems and have not only cut services not only in north beach but throughout the city. prop k 3 is a more higher priority for our scarce transportation dollars and that's a fast reliable bus s

and even less underground. also they added a special kind of a freedom.raised their food and nobody else was. when they created a mentality to life in the white hegemony. when somebody would run away to the south which was two cities or when people would run away to the north to canada or for free blacks they all lived under the control segregated and discriminated against and there were things that they were not allowed to do. if only the maroons were -- and they created that alternative to life and the slavery south and in the free north. and what i conceive of that is also the fact that you know these ideals of voluntary separation, this is something that exists within the african-american community and you find that actually in many different forms whether it's cultural, political, economic, social. i can see that in the black church, so all these ideas of voluntary separation and determination we see the maroons as really the precursor of ideas that really run deep into the african-american experience. >> a lot of the information in the book is from

we are now three meters on to moscow in one of the city's numerous underground tunnels it looks like a huge pipe and we are now inside this pipe we are not allowed to be here on our own we're a kompany by those who call themselves diggers although technically they don't dig anything but they spend most of their life fogged in though the city's streets and avenues exploring this wonderful underground world and revealing its secrets and mysteries russia's capital has one of the most developed subway systems in the world but these people say that there are many abandoned stations and secret tunnels still hidden from the public and this is just the deep of the iceberg they claim that the raw from six to twelve layer is. most goes underground to explore one of the most famous secrets or just rumors is the private subway that soviet leader joseph stalin built which reportedly runs to different locations including cramming and stretching far beyond morse code when you took a course out of your muscles it's not only about the beauty of the underground architecture we've already had enough ti

underground in a high-tech

now after the break we explore one of the darker sides of the russian capital by heading underground with a group of explorers intent. bring to light the secrets hidden in tunnels beneath the kremlin. out of the famous but failed washington moscow he said it appears now the obama administration is preparing to embrace a very different though historically familiar policy towards russia it's called containment didn't work during the cold war against the soviet union will work against today's russia and does this mean washington has declared a new cold war. police be told language. will programs and documentaries in arabic it's all here on. reporting from the world talks about seventy odd p. interviews intriguing stories for you to. see in trying. to. visit. secret lover jury to mccurdy was able to build a new most sophisticated robot which fortunately doesn't sound anything tunes mission to teach music creation why it should care about humans in. why you should care only on the. iran like syria has been george very harshly and leads on to the constant. isn't it justify the in if not pu

one possibility is to put the carbon dioxide back where it came from -- in underground rock formationsng biofuels from the products of american farms their goal is to supply up to a third of the country's gasoline needs within 25 years. both projects are pushing the limits of modern science in hopes of leading the way to a more sustainable energy future. 40% of the world's electricity comes from coal. coal is the fossilized remains of ancient vegetation. and with global reserves that could last over 250 years, it is the cheapest and most abundant nonrenewable energy source available. but burning coal produces exhaust products, including not just water vapor, which is most of what we see coming out of smokestacks, but also carbon dioxide, an invisible greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change. as the need for energy around the world continues to grow, new coal-fired power plants that will last 50 years or more come online every week. coal will power the world for decades. how can we continue to use this inexpensive and plentiful resource without further damaging the environment?

they claim that the raw from six to twelve the latest high end malls goes underground to explore the race and they miss the trees were just rumors is the product some way that sense of the peter joseph styling the looks. which reportedly promised to different locations including cramming and stretching far beyond molds can progress of the poisonous to humans more to me about the beauty of the underground architecture we've already had enough time to appreciate it says about preventing emergency situations and regret. we freaking may assist fire brigades and rescue is in the operation. and the tears have been doing this for almost four decades mapping out secret tunnels on her is an undiscovered stations to date. then he entered all the buzz of champagne and celebrate because this is the bread that is almost nine hundred year old cd has and will to fight. anna olson days here. who will rule all the mysteries the secrets they might not see the mountains and downs exodus international a new russian capsule that could revolutionize space flight explore that in technology and a yard in th

some experts have said that the dprk is either underground nuclear test and made twenty pips two thousand and nine was to bring people together to push forward and domestically for that the league twelve to twenty fifteen the dprk can back it said new contest after the new one approved a resolution condemning the launch. the second attack was an act of self defense against a new less hostility he was president of the mine has wrapped up he's official visit to japan in the white house released a joint statement we see after talks between obama and japanese prime minister shinzo abbe the statement that the us japan security treaty covers on territories administered by japan including began islands council sense to us qualcomm and supports japan's efforts to lift the ban on disk like in self defense rights of the two sides failed to reach an agreement on the trans pacific partnership agreements which seeks to create a free trade down. japanese officials that the two sides are still deeply divided over key ships and then say although obama i intended to show us a fortune to hand over security

in seoul underground walkway in. every time i'm going to dinner. i would share this like it sound like temple meads click through this music. you know everytime i walk down there especially this summer was really hot outside and windy outside and he can walk down the stairs and it's cooler down in that in the underground tunnel to hear this music. get this feeling that it was like walking into the underground temple. it's a totally different kind of feeling year. it's a very calm kind of like the atmosphere was not. and there is a guy who was sitting there on time so we'd all been debated felt like this was his temple because the music is playing the music in tucson to come in and so i kind of you know felt like everytime i walk down there for two minutes i was in the skies temple and so i'd recorded the sound of your footsteps. well first the traffic outside in the footsteps going on walking through the night of real time so i didn't stop when it's kept going. you can hear the music getting louder and louder when qu

most who's underground to explore one of the. famous secrets or just really. this is the private subway that soviet leader joseph stalin built which reputedly runs to different locations including cramming and stretching fall beyond most to you took place in the civilization we're in the small to be told only about the beauty of the underground architecture we've already had enough time to appreciated since about preventing emergency situations the ground we frequently assist fire brigades and rescues in their operations to diggers have been doing this for almost full decades methane out secret tunnels bunkers and undiscovered stations but today they're here to open a bottle of champagne and celebrate because this is their birthday this almost nine hundred year old city has a low to high but there are also those here who will review all the mysteries secrets very fortunate not see here most goes underground. and that's an r.c. international a new russian capsule that could revolutionize space flight we explore that in technology of day but if you are in the u.

up ahead we go down and explore the secrets of moscow's underground that symbol so that break.he interview. cutler. please. please. please. please. please. there's a media lead us so we leave that maybe. i will see motions she surely play your party there's a goal. for shoes that no one is asking with the gas that you deserve answers from it's all politics only on our team. after the famous but failed washington moscow he said it appears now the obama administration is preparing to embrace a very different though historically familiar policy towards russia it's called containment didn't work during the cold war against the soviet union will work against today's russia and does this mean washington has declared a new cold war. right now it's more forty and. the low mr president welcome. that it's eleven thirty am and. it's four forty five pm. we are proud to be that's. ok almost twenty hours eva golinger reveals the of the side of presidential life in a new special project. dramas that trying to be ignored. to. cut stories others to a few still notice. food since changing the wo

>> rising from the shores of lake michigan the skyline sparkles and the city, crossroads of the underground sex trade. >> don't be nervous. >> tonight police find this young woman selling sex in a hotel room more than 600 miles away from her home in arkansas. local authorities say it's an all too common occurrence in the windy city. >> it does happen here in our own backyard. in cooke county chicago is a transportation hub, a convention hub. it's riot ripe for this type of crime. >> district attorney alvarez heads the task force, joint task force to combat the trade in chicago. >> i don't think we'll get anywhere, make a dent in the crime millions we as local prosecutors do more. >> in 2011 illinois safe child act became law in the land of lincoln giving local police and prosecutors a new set of tools to identify and rescue trafficking victims, provide them with social services and punish the pimps who exploit them. >> i'd like people to think about this could be their daughter. >> cooke county sheriff tom dart commands the task force in the field. he says part of his job includes changing

. >> drills could be working in an underground project that could affect several san francisco communities. >> answers are demanded from g.m. on the deadly switch problem. >> the winner of the $425 million jackpot finally >>> covering santa rosa, berkeley, san jose and all the bay area, this is abc7 news. >> with construction of san francisco's central subway well underway, transportation officials are considering taking the metro line along 19th underground coming from downtown under the tunnel at saint francis tunnel and crosses at 19th where it passes by san francisco state. muni officials are looking at a $1 million study to make that part of the subway to improve pedestrian safety. >> the malaysian prime minister is in australia to witness operations of the search for malaysia airlines flight 370 searching the waters off the indian ocean. the battery on the black box recorder could run out next week. the plane with 239 vanished march 8. the national police chief of malaysia warned the investigation into what happened may take a long-term and may never determine the cause of the traged

up ♪ it is the sound of the chiral underground. -- cairo underground. ♪ the music is called -- and itnds for and attitude. the three members come from the slums of cairo. now in the studio, they can record their songs, which are full of the fines and the will to survive. -- of defiance and the will to survive. they are working on a new song. so far, without lyrics. their producer gives them free reign. sing what you want, he says. there is certainly no shortage of topics. he says, there are so many problems in our society. or the baddiction school system. that is an important topic. kids don't want to go to school anymore. teachers don't do a decent job, either. ahmed said it is not just education. there is also traffic chaos. if we were just to talk about the negative things, we would never stop. want to write songs about more than just problems. we want to say how to make things better. already group is waiting at mahmoud's studio. they are the absolute stars of the scene. 50.t 50 is the one in the yellow cap area they are discussing a gig abroad. they have already performed in lond

nobody deserved that. >> i know. >> horror stories like lindsey's are all too common in the underground sex trade. experts say 90 to 95% of women in the life were victims of incest and child rape. >> some of these young ladies, they have been sexually abused all their life. so when we come in saying you don't have to live like this, there's a better way, and we want to help you, they look at us like we're from mars. >> this man's attitudes about buying sex may or may not change today, but his time in custody has afforded him a rare glimpse at the real face of prostitution and the pain that lives behind the fake smiles of the women who service him. >> i did nothing. i came here -- >> i'm here to detain you. the people that can answer questions will answer them. >>> for seven years msnbc has been on the front lines in the war against human trafficking. >> it's not physical bondage, it's mental. >> take you wherever the problem festers. >> undercover. >> san francisco, detroit, houston, chicago, florida. >> don't play stupid. >> now we take you deeper into that underworld as law enforcemen

steam is injected underground to loosen the oil and it is pumped out. the thick tarlike crude must be mixed with chemicals to make it flow through the pipeline. tar sands require 70% more energy to extract than traditional oil. >> this is a gigantic mining operation in the middle of nowhere. they want to take production by 2025, more than double it. >> and your job is to make sure that never comes out of the ground? >> well, look, from my point of view -- i'm not a scientist. the scientists say it would be devastatingly terrible for the seven billion people on the earth if it does. >> when we return, tom steyer looks outside the box for answers. >> i actually believe that the solution for our energy problem is going to be corporate america. ♪ >> tom steyer claims money didn't motivate him, but he was incredibly good at making it. the investment firm he founded, farallon capital management, has a market value of almost $4 billion, and that has made steyer a very wealthy man. if you didn't really like using money as a benchmark for your success, you still

first is, where in the overall schedule for undergrounding is your neighborhood? >> i'm not sure about that. i do not know, but we've had discussions amongst the neighbors that that is something we'd like to facilitate, but i'm not sure where. >> okay, the photo that you showed -- is that an actual installation somewhere? >> it is not. >> is the photoshop -- >> again, i'm -- we're catching up -- >> it is a photoshop, but -- my name is steve, 4848 17th street. okay, the pole is an actual picture that were represented in the model that was sent to us by at&t. >> okay. >> is it at the height of other facilities. >> yes, in the height that was proposed in the model by at&t. >> okay. >> yes. >> thank you. we can hear from the permit holder now. >> good afternoon, my name is teddy, and i'm director of external affairs for at&t california. joining me is our project manager for this installation, and at&t's radio access in/skwre near and dave with at&t's legal department. and are approved or denied by the planning, through the conditional use process. these are less intru

one mile underground, with tanks spanning two stories, it 300,000 -- suspended is the most sensitive dark matter detector ever built. experiment is the culmination of decades of research. >> we are just on the threshold of starting a new search where the launch detector was located around 300 days. >> finding dark matter will put this lab on the map. >> there are handful of experience located at different underground laboratories throughout the world. they want to be the first ones to stand up and say we have discovered it. so it is very competitive. whoever is fortunate enough to be able to discover dark matter first, it will certainly be a nobel prize-winning result. >> staking everything on such an elusive substance is a risk. there is even a chance dark matter might not exist. it if it does, discovering would transform our understanding of the universe. >> from dark matter to the spotlight on a rare treasure. a small piece of chinese porcelain known as the chicken cup sold for more than $35 billion today, shattering the previous record. holy being called the grail of china's art

proposed bluegrass pipeline would transport flammable natural gas liquids like propane through an undergrounde starting in pennsylvania, and connecting with existing pipelines at the gulf. >> this is considered a very special place. >> reporter: still the sister worries about the possibility of a leak and explosion. the line wouldn't run through her property, but would run through several nearby counties. >> over the years there is a whole database of the examples of the danger of these pipelines, and once you have made the kind of contamination that that involved you don't turn back. >> reporter: so this pipeline would cut through your property. >> right through the middle. >> reporter: last month a state judge cited with landowners ruling eminent domain can't be used to rup the pipeline through private land, but developers are appealing. >> these large corporations have a lot of money with a lot of influence and it seems like they get their ways a lot of time. >> reporter: some see the benefits outweighing any potential harm. >> those things for the commonwealth of kentucky and the nation a

the missiles are monitored remotely miles away in capsules 70 feet underground.ontrol rooms hang on shock absorbers within a protective shell of concrete and steel. the system was designed in another era, the 1960s, to survive a nuclear blast. we went down by elevator and were escorted to a door that weighs eight tons. >> chaz demerath: ma'am and sir, i would like to welcome you to... >> stahl: we were allowed to go inside, provided we use an old air force camera and let security officials vet this footage. the so-called "missileers" who watch over and control the missiles work in teams of two on 24-hour shifts known as "alerts." they have everything down here they need to survive. we expected to find pot-bellied veterans at the controls. instead, we found chaz demerath, who's 25, just three years out of the air force academy, and his deputy, dana meyers, 23. this was only her fifth time on duty. when they started this 24-hour shift, they took custody of ten nuclear weapons. so i guess i have to ask you the inevitable question-- where is the button? >> demerath:

get this feeling that it was like walking into an underground temple. it's a totally different kind of feeling it it's a very calm kind of like the atmosphere was not and there is a guy who was sitting there on time slowing down because it felt like this was his temple because the music is playing the music in tucson to come in and so i kind of you know felt like everytime i walk down there for two minutes i was in the skies temple and so i'd recorded the sound of your footsteps of oprah's the traffic outside in the footsteps coming down and walking through made it a real time so i did stop when it's kept going. he can hear the music getting louder and louder and then quieter ride in the footsteps of them in the traffic here. tonight i just love that i love the idea that this guy had transformed the space. it was kind of like you share it with all of us since then it's a completely different stories. the only experience they'll compare with others you will experience my half going to the underground tunnels in other parts of taipei. yet only different i

and even less underground. also they added a special kind of a freedom.raised their food and nobody else was. when they created a mentality to life in the white hegemony. when somebody would run away to the south which was two cities or when people would run away to the north to canada or for free blacks they all lived under the control segregated and discriminated against and there were things that they were not allowed to do. if only the maroons were -- and they created that alternative to life and the slavery south and in the free north. and what i conceive of that is also the fact that you know these ideals of voluntary separation, this is something that exists within the african-american community and you find that actually in many different forms whether it's cultural, political, economic, social. i can see that in the black church, so all these ideas of voluntary separation and determination we see the maroons as really the precursor of ideas that really run deep into the african-american experience. >> a lot of the information in the book is from

it returns in going underground so for me for now wherever you're watching is in the world we have a great day. for us teddy roosevelt once said a man who has never gone to school may steal from a freight car but if he has a university education he may steal the whole railroad yes in a guild. and as we know today one needs to get the right education in order to steal the right. lisa tried to. pull. your. life for the story you think everybody. somehow made oh oh well. my own life. but. let's say. these cases. sometimes for nothing. this season and it's still. just you still can still be shot if you see the stage it look easy. but the speech was still. hasn't. to deter and therefore wards if you know how american companies working on the balance here have a better way to know those leave the. american companies were able to find oil and so than before finding oil. so the oil was a source of christophe's. i don't know i marinate it you're watching boom bust and these are some of the stories that we're tracking for you today. first up the as you see is wayne a requirement that would hav

was totally toxic fumes from fires that are a major problem officials cos we find the legal underground arms hidden under layers of fertile lands with cabbage growing on top of all sorts of toxicity lying underneath. the challenge isn't only in locating the sitting ducks. but figuring out the folds of underground water which also spreads the contamination it's a toxic circle me the toxic circle which the party meanwhile ends and the health and wallets of the locals. the only ones who seem to benefit our italian mafia gangs who still manage to get around to the rules you go to school all star team. combine yet. it was virus for which there is no cure cancer which has already killed dozens in saudi arabia has made it to your. grace terrace house for a twenty first century and that my interest and rt dot com. not even notice but it is apt to put your scales last drop this guy is above our hands at least twenty year pointed out was to blame for this what's the point. i did take a look at some other stories from around the world china has unleashed a propaganda campaign targeting the u s pre

nobody deserves that. >> horror stories like lindsey's are all too common in the underground sex trade. experts say 90 to 95% of women in the life were victims of incest and child rape. >> some of these young ladies, they have been sexually abused all their life. so when we come in saying you don't have to live like this, there's a better way, and we want to help you, they look at us like we're from mars. >> this man's attitudes about buying sex may or may not change today, but his time in custody has afforded him a rare glimpse at the real face of prostitution and the pain that lives behind the fake smiles of the women who service him. >> i did nothing. >> i'm here to detain you. the people that can answer questions will answer them. [ male announcer ] first the cookie at check-in... then a little time to kick back. earn double hilton honors points with the 2x points package and be one step closer to a weekend break. doubletree by hilton. where the little things mean everything. but when we put something in the ground, feed it, and care for it, don't we grow something more? we grow bi

elicit massage parlors that play host to a booming underground sex trade. >> trafficking is live and well in san francisco. >> reporter: inspector ed walsh has spent 25 years with san francisco's health department. >> hi! health department, how are you? >> since 2007 our cameras have followed him on his beat. >> hello, ladies. >> inspecting the city's massage parlors. many of which are fronts for the business of prostitution. >> there is a guy, there is a guy there. when we go into these places, we observe sex. there's not supposed to be any sex. that's the bottom line. >> men looking for sex know that the price of admission is a quick $60 to the house. once inside, a bear can handpick a scantily clad woman from the bull pen and start a private party behind closed doors. >> you go into the room and then you negotiate a sex act with a masseuse. what i understand to be the going rate is anywhere from like $120 to $140 for a sex act. and usually you can get any type of sex act that you like. >> working as part of san francisco's human trafficking task force, health inspectors like walsh