one of the sticky notes was that each of these categories was understood as racial category in u.s. immigration law, so that sort of created a new hierarchy whereby syrians were understood to be fundamentally different from the rest of the ottoman subjects coming to the united states, and this meant that there were certain -- there was a certain hierarchy, and that guided access to united states citizenship or not. >> how to the start of world war i impact these groups? >> the united states did not into the war until april of 1917 , and they declared war on germany, but not on germany plus principal ally, the ottoman empire, so technically, the ottoman entire and united states whenever in a state of war. they -- where never in a state of war. they were in a state of neutrality, but that still meant that ottoman nationals were still marked as a potentially problematic or politically subversive population. the first echols was to sort of police and surveying and restrict the movements of ottoman migrants moving around the united states or doing cross-border activities, and on the othe

ashley: simply understood is when your body manifests a psychological complaint. a good example is anxiety manifesting as heart palpitations. whether or not he was describing a kind of conversion disorder is unclear, but he was not thinking of it in any way like that. >> ashley touched on specialty hospitals that came out of the civil war. individual hospitals. how did the treatment of vets after the war change the sorts of fields that doctors got into and hospitals that were created? you mentioned joshua chamberlain, who lived a long time, and so did a lot of other civil war vet. sarah: he lived for quite a while, 50 years. in terms of medical care, some physicians work at the soldiers homes, which were institutions created for veterans to live out sometimes for a certain number of years, other times for the remainder of their life, they lived in government run homes for veterans. some doctors did work there. i don't know if veterans -- veterans did not have their own hospitals the way we have a v.a. system today. the united states government did give them pensio

. >> understood. because of the president's tweets. it was the president's tweet that set this ball in motion. why did the president. >> you don't know why it was. i don't know why james comey testified untruthfully the week before that? >> the president suggested there were audiotapes. my question, why didn't the president clear this up 41 days ago? >> he cleared it up in due course. >> but why? >> it's very important -- >> kellyanne, hold on. answer this question and then we'll go to your point. >> why was a tweet like truth serum for him? that's concerning. is that what you're suggesting? >> why did we live this shraid charade, there might be tapes or night mot? >> there was no shrcharade. >> answer definitively there were no audiotapes? >> he answered definitively yesterday there were no tapes. he didn't have tapes, but there could be. sooner?didn't he answer it >> why is he always on your timeline? nerd -- >> kellyanne, this gets back to exactly what you were talking about, kellyanne. >> why does he need a timeline? >> why does th

los angeles, i am tavis smiley, tonight first actor allen nol discusses his new book titled "if i understood you when i have this look on my face." >> discovering new ways to help people communicate and relate to one another effectively then benjamin booker joins us of his debut album, withe are glad youe joining us, all of that is coming up just a moment. ♪ >>> and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. ♪ allen nol award winning actor known for playing the hawkeye pearce, he's also the best selling author, his latest book titled "if i understood you when i had this book on my face." allan nol, i am honored to have you on this program, my friend. >> me too. >> good to see you. >> good to see you, too. >> can i tell you how much, how excited i got when i saw this book come across my desk. one of this things that's wrong with our world is we don't communicate well and that's obvious. you got your fingers on the polls of what's wrong with our democracy. >> i resonated with the culture as it was happening. i did not know it is going to be so -- i have been working

he also understood that hollywood need tobd prepared. he gotten the navy to agree and almost a year before the award and let him create something that came to me known as the field photo unit. he recruited men from his hollywood studio spending times and night doing things like shoot and films under wartime conditions. in some way, it was kind of a mark for ford, he loves ceremony and militar military. >> to of the most significant events, d-day where john ford witnesses the event unfolded atom what beach and a battle of mid way until which he's wounded, right? >> in the battle of mid way was the first time that american film maker white house there for the engagement. all of the news and all the concentrations and all the efforts was spent in the specific, trying to hold off the japanese in various places while the navy attempted to rebuild itself flute to full strengths after the damage is done by pearl harbor. most of news in the six months after pearl harbor coming out of the war waycros not good for th u.s. there were not a lot of v

early in the war, sherman understood the utility of the people rather than just the army. sherman himself made the connection between the military campaign and a demonstration of power explicit when he acknowledged despite the fact he could not change the hearts -- the people of the south, he would make war so terrible and make them so sick of it that generations would pass away before they would again appeal to it. he believed confederates had brought this punishment upon themselves. in early 1864, he commented that a people who persevere beyond a certain limit on to know the consequences. in his georgia and carolinas campaign, sherman had not put in a to show those consequences and to give confederates what he saw as a much deserved display of northerner strength. to showned the campaign the strength of the union army and explicit we stated the campaign designed to demonstrate to the world we have power would be proof positive that the north could prevail. and would no doubt and the southern war effort. southerners would be forced to recognize the union power and from th

but nonetheless since the 1740's this was something that he is understood could help us and it has. > to that extent it benefits through a significant degree and one of the strengths one of political diversity in this country people feel differently about certain things geographically or economically and they can produce a form of government to rule the extent that we follow that. >> so to bring the founders up in over the last couple of decades if there should be very equality. soberly that is a debate for the state's. we have made disparate country with different views. and through judicial powers with a state by state basis. >> that is a fair characterization. >> that is a celebration of big government. isn't that true that the state level? that which government state or federal? something as fundamental as the most consequence of choice that we made. so why should gornment have any role?. >> that is a fair question from state government officials that what for many is for very long time why it needed to be a government decision that all. but it is a fair question of why the govern

of advice to open the institutions that they thought of as distant and foreign but helmut kohl understoodked by a blue print grounded of the institution for so long. he said your all called upon the new architecture and consider a splendid house and has risen. germany is united nato has three new members and the european union soon grow embraced nation's what a remarkable few years and has been. the story of helmut kohl is a 20th-century in goods born in a small city on the rhine and saw firsthand the ravages of the nazis. but the young man was? to see those possibilities in the postwar world. there the marshall plan he sought europeans and americans could do together to spread good will among young people. when he was only 16 he was one of the very first people to join the christian democratic union zero '02 46 was his number. and 50 years ago at the age of 19 he and his friends were briefly detained at the french border for causing the friendliest border incident in history they tried to remove the barriers between the countries in support of the franco-german friendship of european uni

she was a cause woman and understood the world beyond america's -- cosmopolitan woman and emm understood the world beyond america's shores. until 1941,onship when she died, she remained a source of strength for him. he turned to her in times when he needed someone to believe in him. i think that is the essence of it. betweens conflict eleanor and sarah because sarah played such a dominant role in franklin's life. it was their home, and she builds a house for the two of them. in new york, it was a duplex to it on one side, frank and eleanor tom, and on the other, sarah's home. she was definitely a strong presence, but a strong support for him. she was in boston for part of the time, and in cambridge part of the time. that is sometimes overplayed, but there is no question that she felt like she needed to be around for him. franklin was not a great students. he did what he needed to do. ,e was involved with harvard the school newspaper, and he was say -- was saying later years that he was a journalist, too. very independent from her even though she was living in the same town as he was. wha

us -- understood very well that he had to make germany smamaller than t actually was and the way to do it -- >> which was difficult -- >> but he fully understood that and the way to do it was to integrate their reunified germany into europe. >> we hear about his achievements and patriotism. here is a question for you. i wonder whether you personally feel grateful to helmut kohl for the miracle live reunification because the reason i am asking is because he became better over the fact that in his estimation people were not grateful. they were ungrateful. should have been grateful for reunification because he was a spent force at the time. he had been chancellor for six years. he had wanted to turn germany britain andher-ite it became a green paradise despite the things he said. reunification gave him a second lease on life. am i grateful looking back? no. he is a politician. he was the right man at the right time. ungrateful and is toward politicians, it happens to everybody who stays too long and happen to winston churchill, charles de gaulle. it will happen to angela merkel and it

and i understood that argument. my view was that what i said to the president was accurate and fair and fair to him. i resisted the idea of publicly saying it although the justice department wanted to, i would have done it. because the duty to correct and the slippery slope problem. >> again, also, you have testified that the president asked you repeatedly to be loyal to him and you responded you would be honestly loyal which is i think your way of saying i'll be honest and i'll be the head of the fbi and independent is that fair? >> correct. i tried honest first. and also, i mean, you see in my testimony also tried to explain to him why it's in his interest and every president's interest for the fbi to be a part in a way because it's creditability is important to a president and to the country. so i tried to hold the line and got very awkward and i then said you'll always have honesty from me and he said honest loyalty and i ended this awkwardness. >> at the culmination of these events you're fired without any expl

he's understood to be 47—year—old darren osborne from the cardiff area.. they have agreed a timetable and a process but can they agree a future trade deal?

and i understood that argument. my view was that what i said to the president was accurate and fair and fair to him. i resisted the idea of publicly saying it although the justice department wanted to, i would have done it. because the duty to correct and the slippery slope problem. >> again, also, you have testified that the president asked you repeatedly to be loyal to him and you responded you would be honestly loyal which is i think your way of saying i'll be honest of the fbi and independent is that fair? >> correct. i tried honest first. and also, i mean, you see in my testimony also tried to explain to him why it's in his interest and every president's interest for the fbi to be a part in a way because it's creditability is important to a president and to the country. so i tried to hold the line and got very awkward and i then said you'll always have honesty from me and he said honest loyalty and i ended this awkwardness. >> at the culmination of these events you're fired without any explanation? >> there was

more able to express your emotions so you'll be better understood. all of those things. but you have short cuts to make. number one, get moving. we've seen how writers trying to squeeze in more words than the structure can accommodate, confusion advertise itself. so get moving. >> that's using the action voice. the action voice is the way to write. the passive voice by and large creates more words and has no energy. let me give you an example. neal armstrong landed on the moon today. active voice. the passive voice says the moon was landed on by neal armstrong today. the official language analyzed in my book i've analyzed the obama report and how he got on the plane with a bomb in his pants. it's full of things like it can safely be said and steps were take even. who took the steps, what do they do. it's all passive. what i call cover your ass policy is to evade to share responsibility. it was decided there would be no more coffee breaks. who decided that? nobody because it's safer to be passive. so this kind of thing. it was a terrible example of it. the state of colora

this is something that he understood it could really help us.it's benefited a strength as the country we are a rich cultural political diversity. geographically, economically there are differences and those differences are able to produce a form of government that allows more pple to get more of what they want and less of what they don't want to the extent following. >> host: tell me if i've got this right to try to bring the founders of the modern day so we have a debate in the country. we have a disparate country with different views on this that should be resolved in the state level and the national supreme court level into the judicial powers should be done on a kind of state-by-state basis. they are not rendered federal indicia be decided at the state level. >> host: yet you also have in this view a celebration against the government control over people's lives. isn't it also true in the state level some of what they are concerned about. the consequential choices we make in our lifetime why should the government have any role given to peopl

so i understood that argument. my view was that, what i sawed to the president was accurate and fair and fair to him. i resisted the idea of publicly saying it, though if the justice department had wanted to, i would have done it because to have the duty to correct and the slippery slope problem. >> and again, you've also testified that the president asked you repeatedly to be loyal to him and you responded you would be honestly loyal, which is your way of saying i will be honest and the head of the f.b.i. and independent. is that fair? >> correct. i tried honest first. also, you see it in my testimony, i also tried to explain to him why it's in his interest and every president's interest for the f.b.i. to be a part, in -- apart, in a way, because its credibility is important to a presidentened the country, and, so, tried to hold the line. it got very awkward. and i then said, you will always have honesty from me. he said honest loyalty, and i accepted that as a way to end the awkwardness. >> the culmination is you

so i understood that argument. my view was that, what i sawed to the president was accurate and fair and fair to him. i resisted the idea of publicly saying it, though if the justice department had wanted to, i would have done it because to have the duty to correct and the slippery slope problem. >> and again, you've also testified that the president asked you repeatedly to be loyal to him and you responded you would be honestly loyal, which is your way of saying i will be honest and the head ofh is that fair? >> correct. i tried honest first. also, you see it in my testimony, i also tried to explain to him why it's in his interest and every president's interest for the f.b.i. to be a part, in -- apart, in a way, because its credibility is important to a presidentened the country, and, so, tried to hold the line. it got very awkward. and i then said, you will always have honesty from me. he said honest loyalty, and i accepted that as a way to end the awkwardness. >> the culmination is you were summarily fired or an

he understood the message that hitler was giving his people. hitler and bozo came to power at exactly the same time. in the front piece of the book it says this has been so heavily executed as to not reflect the true story or if you read in the original company would tell something very different because he read in the original at almost all of the dishes at the summit is and have been taken out of the english translation. so that's typical of how he was keeping up with what was going on in the world, had a very cosmopolitan view of international politics and is able to discern exactly what was really being said versus what was being sent to the people. >> is there almost 1000 books in this room and another 21,000 books in this library, where do you keep them? >> the books are kept in a special room. it's a room that was designed by fdr himself. and a big renovation in 2013 a decision was made all of the upper storage rooms with the documents are kept were updated. that room was kept exactly the way it was. so his original bookshelves. as the e

he understood the message that hitler was given his people. they came to power and frankly about the same time. so this book says it had been so heavily extricated to not let the true story. almost all of the vicious anti-semitism had been taken out of the english translation. it is typical of how he was keeping up with was was going on in the world and politics. he was able to discern really what was being said versus what was being said to the people. >> there are number 21,000 books in a library, would you keep them? >> there kept in a special room. actually it was divined by fdr himself. in the big renovation and restoration in 2013 a decision was made all the upper archived rooms, storage rooms where the documents are kept were updated. but that room is kept exactly the way it was. sue is those original bookshelves, extrawide aisles seed to get up and down in his wheelchair. even had some original clamshell case is that he would put his speech and documents and so they could keep them on his lap and his wheelchair and look at. he really i

you understood where the fire had started? i didn't know.smoke coming from there was black smoke coming from the corridor area. as instinct tells you, run down the fire exit, which is what i did. were there many people descending with you? not that many at the time. but many firefighters going up. this was about two o'clock in the morning. there are many firefighters going up the stairs. i did see a firefighter helping the disabled woman trying to get out of the building to safety which was relieving to see. if you wa nt to which was relieving to see. if you want to try and knock on certain doors. going down to try and get as many people out as much as possible, i asked. they told me to run straight out which was a bit bizarre because i wanted to help as many people as i possibly could. obviously they are fully trained surveyor whereof what they are doing so surveyor whereof what they are doing so they need to get you out safely. you had vacated the building at about two o'clock in the morning. the funny thing was, as you are going down the

he understood that there was no choice.beral democracy, for the common good, not only for the safety and security of these nations but or a set of ideas. there is no evidence yet that donald trump understands the way that barack obama understood -- the way that george w. bush understood, we stand for something, the president must stand for something more than getting a good deal. barack obama was never going to leave an alliance because germany wasn't paying enough. he was never going to threaten or intimate that. that is where we are. that is why our allies do not understand it anymore and live in fear of being attacked on the twitter feed of the president for doing something that hurt or annoyed -- charlie: they were not convinced he would come to their aid. jeffrey: should they be? charlie: he was reluctant to defend and say recommitted article five. jeffrey: it is not only the ideology. it is the consistency. it is the understanding of history they are looking for. adversaries as well, we are better in the category of a

those are not even understood and not incorporated into the climate models.to predict a 10th of a degree hundred years from now or 80 years from now is challenging and prosperous errors. -- fraught with errors. i would like to see the survey scientists7% of support the fact we are jim and we are the one interview to into , and100% -- we are doomed we are the one contributing to this 100%. host: now to california. caller: the guy talking about contributing, we in california know that our cars cause smog. get cars specially ordered. we need to get smog stuff. i'm 57. i went to grade school. there was asbestos within walking distance. 23 tod when i was escondido and they did not have buses for kids to go to school, but we still did. crisis, gas overheating, while the smog and self -- stuff, why does california have efficient smog buses? that would help with traffic, the smog footprint, carbon footprint or whatever, you know? host: the story from the new ,ork times, which goes to further into the newspaper. the trump think climate change is a hoax? his aides are

it is understood de boer has said palace are his preferred club.e's set to succeed sam allardyce, who left after helping palace avoid relegation from the premier league last season. de boer has been out of work since he was sacked by inter milan in november 2016 after only 85 days in charge. one other football line for you this evening — liverpool have confirmed the signing of egypt winger mohamed salah from roma for a fee of around £34 million. salah has signed a five—year deal. the former chelsea player was a key figure as roma finished second in serie a last season, scoring 15 goals in 31 league appearances. it's been a frustrating day for british number one johanna konta in the tennis. she now has one tournament left before wimbledon to boost her confidence again after a second—round defeat at the aegon classic in birmingham.

you had to stop this erosion of soil, he understood.he civilian conservation corps planted 2 billion trees from texas to canada, and those wind stops essentially prevented further erosion and transformed the landscape of the american west. he created a safety net for americans who were losing their jobs, losing their homes, and that has changed everything that has happened since then. we can argue about the policy, how much did the federal government do? how much should it pay for these? there is no question that there was a fundamental change in the relationship between the federal government and american citizens. brian: back to you, where did you grow up? paul: long island. i went to college at uc santa cruz. i have an unusual background. i was a music major and then a documentary filmmaker before i went into television. i am not the traditional archivist or academic historian. but i did come up as a storyteller. so almost all of my work in television was finding stories and then finding the best way to tell a story. brian: what kind

oh -- the iroquois understood this. one thing that worked well for them is the fact that they would still leave the interim government of each tribe come to each tribe so that the confederacy as a whole didn't know in the internal affairs of the tribe. the fact it was his well-settled understanding produced an outcome that was good. and again a as a point in the bk this didn't create a utopia. i want to overstate the point but it did create a successful confederacy. this is something we didn't learn from our british predecessors. this is not something came to us from england like so many of our laws come some aspects of our constitutional system did. this is somewhat uniquely american. yet the swiss confederacy provided another analog but is hopeful that this other example, one that was distinctly american. canasatego taught this to benjamin franklin. it worked its way into the articles of confederation and later into the constitution itself. >> host: i don't recall this anywhere. >> guest: i don't see anywhere in the f

i understood a piece of what's happening n syria. i understood about the rise of isis.etween assad and his people. but never before have i watched a story that so effortlessly encompasses everything. because there's so much in it, what did you want people to take away from this documentary film? >> i think we wanted to do two things. we wanted to explain how the civil war worked. these aren't crazy people. these are good, ordinary people, just like people in this country. and yet, they were trapped in a civil war. and the other thing i think-- my father was a war refugee. some of my best friends have come from war zones. i helped establish them in this country. we wanted to humanize america's view of people who have to flee violence. >> trevor: right. >> where this country is a beacon in the darkness for people who are desperate and in terrible situations, and we are hoping that our country can continue being that. >> trevor: now, i will admit, i did not really understand how bashar al-assad started the civil war himself. it was not a war. it was an uprising, and it was

it is understood he was also involved with extremism.t of a plot to attack a military base in sydney. he was acquitted of that but then went to jail for violent offences. he was also involved with drugs and alcohol. the police saying he was known to them, he had a long criminal history, but they're stressing that his recent past didn't give any indications of violent extremism. just briefly, i gather that islamist extremists are claiming responsibility. what indications are there that he may or may not have had a wider network? one key piece of evidence was a phone call made to one of the tv channels here in australia where a man claimed he was carrying out these actions in the name of is and on behalf of al qaeda. the islamic state through their propaganda wing have claimed responsibility for this attack. however, the police commissioner here is being cautious and in his words, the is jump up pretty quickly every time something happens. they say, so far, their investigations suggest there was nothing orchestrated or planned, organised,

so i understood that argument.my view was that what i said to the president was accurate and fair and fair to him. i resisted the idea of publicly saying it. although, if the justice department had wanted me to, i would have done it because of the slippery slope problem. >> you responded it would be an honesty loyal, which is i think your way of saying i'll be honest and i'll be head of the fbi, independent. is that fair? >> correct. i tried honest first. and also you've seen in my testimony, i also tried to explain to him why it's in his interest and any person in the fbi to be part of it in any way because it's important. i tried to hold the line. it got very awkward, and then i then said you'll always have loyalty from me. he said honesty loyalty, and i that was how i ended the awkwardness. >> was there any explanation by -- >> well, there was an explanation, i just don't buy it. >> so you're fired. do you believe you were fired because you refused to take the president's direction? >> i don't know for sure. i k

mosby just understood unconventional warfare. he understood what needed to be done. and how he should be operating while he was out with his men. you see this very clearly, i believe, and these two comments that he made. i told stuart that i would, by incessant attacks, compelled the enemy either greatly the contract these lines were to reinforce them. either of which would be a great advantage to the southern cause. it was an economy of force mission. never, never did mosby envisioned taking his force en masse and attacking a union calvary unit in the conventional manner. it was hit and run, continue to cause trouble, disrupt them, make them concerned, make them worried, make them pull forces back to protect areas. mosby said he thought the greatest thing he had accomplished as a partisan ranger was to deprive union soldiers of sleep. anybody who has been in the military knows how precious sleep is. if for no other reason just to escape the drudgery that you are involved in. but often times, if you've been out on operation, you have been out on patrol, sleep is wond

he understood that there was no choice.acy, for the common good, not only for the safety and security of these nations but or a set of ideas. there is no evidence that donald trump understands the way that barack obama understood -- the way that george w. bush understood, we stand for something, the president must understand that the president stands for something more than getting a good deal. barack obama was never going to leave an alliance because germany wasn't paying enough. >> that is where we are. they live in fear of being attacked on the twitter feed of the president for doing something that hurt or annoyed -- >> he was reluctant to defend and say recommitted article five. it is the understanding of history they are looking for. as well, we are better in the category of adversaries. we remember that one of the problems of barack obama was was too predictable, to wouldal, too logical, he frequently talk about what the united states would do in a situation. now we have the opposite situation where no one, including

that run negative nobody understood that this city by definition he is formidable. so what he learned in new york in the '80s was any publicity that printed your name correctly billed string. so i do think he should modify with his tweets but i told him to an% less trump would be 100 percent more effective. but to figure out early if he couldn't gauge the media over that 24 a day cable new system and that meant he could take all of that air out of their rooms of their all running around raising money the trump gets up in the morning and would tweet and said of his argument that he would call that morning joe he will restate their call argue 25 minutes then fox and friends with a love fest over 25 minutes. [laughter] he has already generated so now they're covering that argument then he goes to a press event that he does one hour for free at any the in the end of the day city as $1 million free media brawl the competitors were riding around the country trying to raise money to get on the year. so there is only one poll in the entire campaign he is not a head. he was

one of the things we wanted to be sure visitors to the museum understood was the continuing reality of fdr's disability. this is a man who is paralyzed from the waist down. what is interesting is to see what the public perception of that was. one of the things we always point out to visitors here is that we have 130,000 photographs of fdr in our collections, but we only have four that show him in a wheelchair. that is because there was an unspoken rule that was observed by the press and the media at the time, that you don't photograph the president sitting in a wheelchair. you don't photograph him in ways that would reveal the extent of his disability. the public knew that fdr had contracted polio, and they knew that he had some form of disability, but what was not understood was just how great of a disability it was. so this incredible photograph of fdr is taken right in front of the home in hyde park on election night in 1936, and of course, he is beaming because he has just won a tremendous victory. this is a huge landslide. he wins every state in the nation, except maine and vermon

when i was appointed fbi director in 2013, i understood that i served at the pleasure of the presidenten though i was appointed to a ten—year term, which congress created in order to underscore the importance of the fbi being outside of politics and independent, i understood that i could be fired by a president for any reason or for no reason at all. and on may 9th, when i learned that i had been fired, for that reason, i immediately came home as a private citizen. but then the explanations, the shifting explanations, confused me and increasingly concerned me. they confused me, because the president and i had had multiple conversations about myjob, both before and after he took office, and he had repeatedly told me i was doing a greatjob and he hoped i would stay. and i had repeatedly assured him that i did intend to stay and serve out the remaining six years of my term. he told me repeatedly that he had talked to lots of people about me, including our current attorney—general, and had learned that i was doing a greatjob, and that i was extremely well liked by the fbi workforce. so it

i had understood the president to be requesting we drop investigation flynn and false statements abouthis conversations with the russian investor. i did not understand the president to be talking about the broader investigation into russia or possible links to his campaign. i could be wrong but i took him to focus on wattages happened with lynn's departure and the controversy around his phone calls. there are some tonight were saying this is obstruction of justice. >> i would disagree. we will get greater details tomorrow. jim comey was concerned that he didn't want to be alone with the president. he mentioned it leader on it is written prepared statement. what's clear is the president wasn't saying to him you've got to do this or else. or get into the russia probe or anything else. what i hear is the president just fired flynn we liked and respected but understood he lied to the vice president. trying to say we fired him. that's enough. is it going to go into a probe? sku and i have heard supporters of the president saying this is how he talks. he's a real estate developer from new yo

he clearly understood that might not happen. if you look at his actions on june 30, what he does is very important. empowers john reynolds to command the left-wing of the army. he makes in a wing commander. reynolds is essentially given the authority to fight a battle in pennsylvania, to precipitate a battle if he feels it is to the advantage of the army. it is a smart move by meade because he delegates his authority to someone he has trusted. he knows he cannot be everywhere at the same time. once reynolds does precipitate the battle at gettysburg, what does meade do? he does not tell everybody that we need to fall back to pike creek. it is not a contingency plan. pike creek.do to his credit, when the circumstances change, he scraps the plan, orders the concentration at gettysburg, and fights the battle that was picked by his subordinates commander. him flexibility. >> we have been talking about the committee on conduct of war. it is an outstanding book edited by william hyde. i think it is published by lsu. the union general s

he's understood to be 47—year—old darren osborne from the cardiff area.russels, day one of the brexit talks. they have agreed a timetable and a process but can they agree a future trade deal? brexit means brexit. in means in and out means out. if somebody is stepping out they have to come up with a decent proposal and we are waiting. a minute's silence across the uk for the victims of london's tower block fire. 79 people are now thought to have died. also, the conflict in syria takes another dangerous turn. russia says us—led coalition planes will be treated as targets after an american jet shot down a syrian government warplane. and is donald trump under investigation for obstruction ofjustice or not? he says yes, his own lawyer however seems to disagree. we're confused too. welcome to the programme. the man who drove a van into a group of muslims in north london has been named as darren osborne. he's a 47—year—old from cardiff who was not known to security services. the prime minister said the country's determination to fight terrorism must be the same,

that is howl understood it. things?” needs to dub the president is that you can't do these things? i didn't, no. why? i don't know, ithink you can't do these things? i didn't, no. why? i don't know, i think the circumstances were such that i was a bit stunned and didn‘t have the presence of mind. i do want to make you sound like i‘m captain courageous, i don‘t know if i should of had the presence of mind to save to the present, sir, that‘s wrong, but it did not come to my mind. what came to my mind is be careful what you say and so i said that i agreed flynn is a good guy. so you perceive the cloud to be the russian investigation in general? yes. but the specific ask was that he would tell the american people what you had told him and the leaders of congress that he was not personally under investigation? and he was asking to do what you here today? correct. and did you say to be president that it would be inappropriate for you to do so and talked to the white house counsel or anybody so they could talk to him a