covers lots of different unions lots of information about union stability over time about how much union workers make, the pensions and so forth. and but what i didn't see in this book was a clear causal argument. there's a lot of assertion that unions impose these costs, but i didn't see clear evidence that really made a clear causal connection between what unions were doing and the problems that we see and the costs that they are imposing. i do see the evidence of costs, certainly the states experience deficits and many states experience shortfalls in the funding of pensions. we see that unions are very active in terms of bargaining at the table and also engage in electioneering as you called it and campaign contributions and lobbying and so forth but i didn't really see the clear evidence that there was a causal connection between thosement now -- those. now, to my reading there actually is good data about this good data that helps us test this basic thesis about causal impacts of public sector unions. and so i'm going to invoke a number of labor economists, in particular alicia minow

unions led that battle. public-sector unions. what happened, and there are studies in the bay area, because there is a major pay equity to become when you raise the wages of secretaries and clerical and nurses in the public sector, that raises the wages of everybody else in the private sector as well. that is what we call markets. it has those ripple kinds of effects. it is not truly consequential that the wages of women in the 1960's on average were only $.59 to every dollar that men made. there were a variety every zones, but that that had a significant part, but that gap closes from 59 cents to $.70 per 77 cents per dollar. sometimes these effects are local, and if you do it in lots of places, you gets lots of ripples. for fighting the cause of minimum wage, it is something that is aimed at raising the wages at everybody. ross reynolds: a couple more questions. >> my name is john stafford my question is for michael. my question might imply that i am unsympathetic to public unions, but in fact i am in support of them. by questi

the union would expand. the union was dynamic. the union was processed. the union was a movement toward a better world because what it demonstrated -- we've talked about equality. we know how important that is. we're all equal. but what is the point of equality. it enables you to consent. you can't consent if you're not equal. and what do you consent to? you consent to that which enhances the welfare of mankind. because suddenly the people are governing themselves. they're not under the heel of despots and pirates. now self-government. and i want to tell you this ply fellow americans -- i'm getting worked up now. you can tell. >> have a sip of water. >> i better. americans, you're just going to have to wait a minute. democratic government. hold on to your seats. is an engine for moral progress. i'm channeled jefferson. i'm channeled the democratic enlightenment. once the people rule themselves, government will improve. we will no longer have coercive despotic governments. we will be governing ourselves. >> you can't have a real union if there's in any oar

much the union workers make. but what i didn't see as the causal arguments and evidence that there is a lot of assertion that unions imposed a cost that but i didn't see any clear evidence that made a causal connection between what the unions were doing and the problems that we see and the costs that they are imposing. i see the evidence of the cost where dust dates were experiencing the deficits and shortfalls and that unions are very active in terms of bargaining at the table and also the occasional election airing campaign contributions and so forth i didn't really see the evidence that there was a connection between them. there is good data that helps us test the basic thesis about the causal impact in the public-sector unions. a number of economists in particular the character for the center of the retirement research at boston college is that the industrial relations center at the berkeley as the dean of labor economics and a number of others. so i'm not going to bore you with all of the numbers but to give

union and mon union workers. and what he talks about in illinois he wants a more competitive environment and more friendly environment for businesses, he wants one that lowers the wages. >> tom the big issue in the country continues to be wage stagnation, isn't it? >> that's exactly right. and the wages have been stagnating for 40 years. if you look at what happened, ever since the 80s when the economy was industrialized. and tony, we used to have centralized bargaining for steel and auto, but we don't have that anymore. the wages have been flat. and we see rauner pushing austerity. and if you look at what he's saying he's pushing the austerity program. so create huge income inequity and do away with the social network, and we're all going to thrive and it's ridiculous. >> also, is it an attempt to chip away at a very solid democratic voting block in this country? >> i think maybe yes i'm not sure about that, but i don't think that most working people, whether union or not think that the actions that bruce rauner

union? it's unamerican. unions are unamerican when they force people. that's part of it. this is a big problem i think. >> at the same time we want to make sure workers have the right to organize. >> absolutely. >> that's in danger. that's in jeopardy here. that's what we have to discuss. >> i well tell you, it's not the mob putting guns to people's head, this is the last stand for unions and they are pulling all the stops. scott walker may be the last member. >> union membership continuing to shrink. >> i remember in madison for his recall election. they said hurtful things to me. >> how many times has walker been recalled? >> every other month. >> this guy comes back every time. he's got to be saying something. >> we'll see where it goes. they are defaulting. now a group of college students have no problem sticking you with the bill. let me talk to you about retirement. a 401(k) is the most sound way to go. let's talk asset allocation. sure. you seem knowledgeable professional. i'm actuall

uconn we talked about how much he loves the union and his devotion to the union. but he says he has been taught from his very first day that is first allegiance is to virginia appeared even in that time, there were people who were surprised. it seems strange to us that someone who is so a sows the aid of george washington of ignoring the message of george washington's farewell address. the league never wavers in its question. he was determined to fulfill that duty. in some sense it's a no-win situation. either begin super tray his country always going to go to war against his home state amount be very difficult to do comet do. they made the choice. just to understand it was an extremely difficult decision pat hank. >> how about the statement that one of the differences between lee and washington was that washington realized as commander-in-chief, what he mainly had to was not lose the war in that league never had either side and the civil war would also have an interest. >> that is one of the criticisms of function also leveled at robert e. lee. the civil war was

and unions won 64% of elections in 2013. in recent years the union win rate has actually been going up. so what's the problem here? the majority leader said it very well when he referred to a 1959 debate over amendments to the national labor relations act and then-senator john f. kennedy warned against rushing employees into a union election. senator kennedy said -- quote -- there should be at least a 30-day interval between the request for an election and the holding of an election in which both parties can present their viewpoints. the 30-day waiting period, senator kennedy said then, is an additional safeguard against rushing employees into an election where they're unfamiliar with the issues. madam president, it's clear to see that this rule is wrong and that is why senator enzi, senator mcconnell and i are asking the senator to dis-- the senate to disapprove it and to prohibit the nlrb from issuing any similar rule. i thank the president. i yield the floor. the presiding officer: the senator from wyoming. mr. enzi: mada

i want the private unions back and i'll do would you tell the public unions because then we can start solving income inequality. >> ee hack, the problem is that management for public sector unions is us, the taxpayers, we are the management. they're supposed to serve us, they're called public servants for a reason and yet it's all about the cash. 86% of all the state politicians in illinois are paid by unions so they're just giving pay back. >> it happens in the federal level, you have the national treasury employees union rooting for president obama and those are the people who work at the irs and the treasury. the problem is you can't vote out the bureaucrats. we've got -- this is the true entitlement state, these are the guys a lot of these workers watching porn at work or doing full time union work and we're also seeing, watch had this, the geo has recommended 9,000 different ways that these guys can cut waste, fraud and abuse they've ignored it through the decades and now the gao has raised a number of federal programs to 32 including tax enforcement. >> and, mike the reason we'r

perhaps a union would bargain over the number of games.f the school and union are at an impasse, would athletes go on strike? are these schools ready to make some tough decisions like cutting support to other athletic programs like lacrosse field hockey, or even raising tuition? >> the list of grievances these players presented are a list of grievances that players could have presented 5 or 10 years ago across the college community but they haven't been addressed. whether or not you have the security of a scholarship, for how long, whether you have health insurance, stipends transfers...we've been over this. we've been over this and over this and over this... >> it's bringing us into a sea of complete uncertainty. >> the ncaa says it will fight the northwestern effort all the way to the supreme court. >> i'm not saying the ncaa created institutional racism and poverty in the us. but the ncaa consciously benefits, because they put players from a particular background in a position where rocking the boat is lethal for their opportunities to

the union small group of union forces are marching up the -- they were planning on having a fourth of july celebration. publish... block... >> she decides to tap into her wide network of confederate family members and friends who are in the army and to get herself a piece of the army, to the contribute her own work for the rebels. and she becomes a courier and spy for the rebel army. and belle is a little bit of a seductress. it was very rare, especially in a 17-year-old girl. i like to say if sarah palin and miley cyrus had a 19th century baby -- [laughter] it would have been belle boyd. [laughter] she was a little bit like civil war girls gone wild. [laughter] and she seduced union men, confederate men. i like to file this one under things you can't make up. this is why i like nonfiction, it's always funnier than fiction. one of her reported paramours was a man by the name of major dick long. [laughter] i must be a 12-year-old boy, i found that really hilarious. [laughter] she also reportedly she told one northern reporter she was quote, closeted for four hours with union general ja

second, that the union would be restored. and third, that there would be no backwards steps on slavery on the part of the executive. unspoken by leaving open the prospect of some kind of negotiation on details, ways and means, through the legislatures, the congress, and the courts. every other american war had ended and had negotiated peace. the revolution, the war of 1812, and the mexican war. it was the custom of the time, it was the norm. we've become more accustomed, i think, in our day to the thought of unconditional surrender in major wars between nation states, but that was not the norm at the time, and everyone anticipated that a war would end by negotiation. by the end of 1864, the outcome of the civil war was quite clear to anyone who could see and count and appreciate the reality of the situation, but there were very formidable obstacles blocking a negotiated peace. the first of which i think it's fair to say is the insurgent leader as lincoln called him. declining to refer him as president and therefore to acknowl

stossel: the unions said they could do better. they can't.y're awful. >> their graduation rate is double new york city's rate. stossel: when the teachers union showed outside my office, they said i needed to be educated. [inaudible] we have element schools. stossel: the crowd liked the idea of me teaching for a week. >> teach john, teach. teach john, teach. stossel: so i said okay. i don't think they expected that. i understand teaching is hard but i was game to try it and show how hard it was and let the chips fall where they may. the bureaucrats demanded endless meetings. they discussed where i should teach. what i should teach. finally they decided no, we won't allow you to teach. you know what, this is the bureaucracy that's part of the union and government. >> you call it the bureaucracy. it is exactly what parents want and what teachers want. for example, the unions are the only ones fighting for smaller class sizes. the unions are fighting for experienced teachers. >> the issue is: do we help? the great teachers of america, great teach

we spend less time on average in small well-managed credit unions. ncua has further working to reduce the time spent on site conducting exams and improve consistency in this process. concerning legislation, ncua has lawyer trust accounts and enable federally insured financial institutions to offer link savings account. ncua would advise congress in writing rules to implement new laws such flegsability would allow us to scale rules based on size and complexity to effectively limit additional regulatory burdens on smaller institutions. ncua supports several targeted regulatory relief bills for credit unions. these bills include legislation to allow healthy and well-managed creditings to supplemental capital permit all federal credit unions to grow, raise the cap on member business lending to support small businesses and except 1 to 4 unit nonowner occupied residential loans from the member business lending cap. finally, parallel to the powers of the fdic occ and federal reserve, ncua asks for the authority to examine and enforce corrective actions wher

on the other side union is will say george washington industry will address said the price of the union about any exceptional allegiance. and actually robert e. lee's reading a biography of george washington in the months before the civil war. and he is hearing these arguments and he concludes that he basically agrees with the unionist position to keep lee's george washington would have oppose secession. so what else in to lee say to francis blair? he says that he would clap and washed his hands of flavor gladly get rid of all slavery if it could avoid war. but then he says, but how can i raise my sword against my native state's? and hear the blair family tradition says lee hesitated as if searching for an answer. but as lee told a story he gave the answer once and a no. he turned on the command. though he did not yet turned in his commission, the army observed for more than three decades. he returned to arlington house. he soon learns that virginia in fact has voted to secede from the union. and april 20 he writes a letter resigning from the union army. and his wife would call that dec

you got to ratify a union contract.his bill drives a wedge between union management and union workers because workers are going to say, gosh do i really need to do this. it allows employers to pick and choose favorites. what if your boss finds out what your politics are about or your situation personally? what if you're a gay american? discrimination is written right into this bill. it creates multiple classes of workers pitting workers against each other. the bill does nothing but mangle and undermine the relationship between unions and employees. it is going to hurt workers in the long run as a whole. the congressman from indiana is already trying to tie this bogus bill to the minimum wage discussion. >> it's also perhaps not a direct answer to but certainly a pivot for this whole idea about minimum wage which we know doesn't work. i want employers to hire more people, not less. of course as we know it raising the minimum wage does the opposite of that. but what a great answer this could be to that discussion, whether

a couple books on the union. i think it's a misconception that should be cleared up that the cl ub is against preserving the legacy of 1934, the legacy of the building in that triek t -- strike and the legacy of harry bridges. they consider this to be an asset and the club's purchasing. the building is an opportunity to get the unions history out there. the secretary of treasure of the international is also a member of the board of commissioners. he called me, he says, these people called us. they called us first. they want our input. we met with the club robin walker with the club, the club said, i'm going to put up a plaque. we want to put up an exhibit. we want to i am size the role of the union's past with this project. would you help us with the plaque. help us wroo it the plaque. the club voted in favor of the plan. the club organized a panel of academics leading authority on -- harry bridges. the club has accepted every suggestion we have made all the way along the the line. they put it on the internet and

virginia had voted to secede from the union and april 20 he writes a letter resigning from the union army and is wife recall that decision to resign the severe struggle of his life. but just three days after sending that resignation letter lee is welcomed in richmond is the new commander-in-chief of all the armed forces and the convention president, the president of the virginia secession convention looks at basically robert e. lee is the second coming of george washington and he hopes what was once said of george washington would soon be said of robert e. lee that he is first in war first in peace, first in the hearts of countrymen. the very words that harry lee had used to describe george washington. so robert e. lee for his part would say he didn't have a choice. it wasn't so much that he said he made the right choice. he said he made the only choice. it was very much like him to say he could never have his own way so he decided to have virginia's way. but at the same time we also know that other virginians made different decisions. lee's mentor in the army decided to stay with th

he feels he has to destroy the union army. if you go back to chancellorsville, i mentioned this earlier, and you look at robert e. lee attitude after the battle of chancellorsville, he is furious furious at joseph hooker, manages to escape a lot of competitors think that poker's final position was a pretty strong position and robert e. lee is planned to order a frontal assault against that position but hooker withdrawals that night. and so in some sense poker makes the greatest mistake of his life by retreating antistate robert e. lee for making a mistake you'll make it pickett's charge. >> didn't lee ever write down what he thought of arming the slaves? >> he did. he was asked that question directly. he did say that he thought at this point it was better to begin to enlist african-americans and fight. he thought that would include emancipation as part of the do because people people would not find a list of the emancipation. basically it's better to have them fight with us if we're going, if they're going to be fighting again

the new church was named union bethel ame. during the civil war years, the presiding prelate was the right reverend daniel payne. of the four churches under his charge, israel bethel and union bethel were the largest. israel bethel was an especially politically active church. the church pastor was involved in local and national politics. in the spring of 1862, the legislation to emancipate the enslaved in the district of columbia was working its way through congress and on to president abraham lincoln for his signature. reverend turner preached sermons and made israel bethel available for meetings supportive of the legislation. further, bishop payne went to the white house in mid april met with the president, and spoke in support of the legislation. the sunday after president lincoln signed the manumission bill, there was a citywide service to celebrate. at the service, bishop payne preached a celebratory sermon, "welcome to the ransom." he stressed that liberation brings the responsibility of good citizenship. the following y

he constantly talks about how he -- how much he loves the union and his devotion to the union. but he has been taught from his very first day that his first allegiance is to virginia, and even in that time people were surprised. they said, seems strange to us that someone who was so associated with george washington is ignoring the message of the george washington's farewell address but lee never waiverred in the question. he always felt he had a duty to virginia and was determined to fulfill that duty. so he is either going to portray -- betray his country or go to war against his home state, and that we be very difficult to so. not to say other virginians didn't make the choice. it's just to understand it was an extremely difficult decision to have to make. >> yes. >> how about the statement that one of the differences between lee and washington was that washington realized that the commander-in-chief was -- what he mainly had to do was not lose the war, and that lee never had that insight to possibly end the civil war that would have been true. >> right. that's one of the cr

he said the country looks to you, quote, as a representative of the washington family to save the union george washington forged and that is not an exaggeration because the son of george washington -- son in lot of george washington's adopted child. so now only one word separated robert e. lee from the pinnacle of his profession, from command of what would be the largest american army ever raised, from glory perhaps that no american since george washington had known. what did robert e. lee say? he said he opposed secession and he did oppose secession, he thought secession was illegal. equally significantly he thought george washington was opposed to secession and that was no given at the time. people on both sides of the conflict claimed george washington for their own. secessionists said george washington was a rebel -- rebelled and rebelled against the union with the british. unionists say george washington in his farewell address said to prize the union above any sectional allegiance. robbery beat is reading a biography of george washington in the months before the civil war. he is h

although none of the men were union baptist members, the union bethel members -- union bethel members, the return on the day of the meeting and walked from the church to the white house. you can find details of the meeting in the digitized lincoln papers at the university of michigan. after slavery was abolished in the district of columbia, thousands of blacks came into the city, mainly from virginia and maryland. most of them were destitute and in dire need of food and clothing and shelter. in october of 1862, reverend james handy helped form the union relief association. the association was one of many organizations created to alleviate a crisis in the community. the union relief association gathered contributions of money, food, and clothing, and how fundraising events at the church -- held fundraising events at the church. donations came to the association from ame members across the northern part of the united states. the dressmaker for mary lincoln was a member in the early years of the civil war. in late 1862, she was president of the contraband relief association. she obtained

this isn't even the soviet union threat. this is a rag tag -- i'm putting words in their mouth here, but it's bunch of largely disorganized terrorists, they can here and there, but that doesn't threaten the essence, the existence of the u.s. >> this is precisely what people said at the time of world war ii. they had signs saying let us fight hitler from here not go to war, not put boots on the ground. these were also very distant threats. >> we just interviewed a senior nato commander who is saying -- an american commander who is saying we expect that russia will be in a war in five to six years. >> that putin believes that he will be. >> right. >> preparing as such. >> so for the first time in 25 years the security of europe is seriously in jeopardy. we are looking at an iran that's coming so close to nuclear capability that as henry kissinger recently reminded us it will cause a chain of proliferation in the world's most volatile region. we just learned that isis has as many as 20,000 foreign fighters of whom perhaps some

the war for the union, it becomes popular at a time when the war for the union converges with the warncipation. it highlights the degree to which a social revolution had occurred. john brown had been mainstreamed, this militant abolitionist, seen as a hero. oliver wendell holmes senior captured it when he wrote and described the apotheosis of john brown. he said brown's raid should not be seen as a failure, but as a posthumous campaign. his soul marches ahead of half a million men, shaping the world with a chorus of "glory hallelujah." and "john brown's body" was especially popular with african americans. the symbolic end of the war for many northerners was february 1865 lindy massachusetts 55th colored regiment marches on charleston, south carolina, the cradle of the confederacy, singing "john brown's body." sojourner truth revised it. the battle hymn, it is a more elevated poem, is promoted among the colleges. a civil war chaplain first reads it and thought it was just a poem. he did not realize it was meant to be sung to "john brown's body." and he loved it. i do about a catalog he

in the book i don't talk enough about labor unions but i guess one of the reasons the unions are not playing the role that they used to is changing the structure of employment and the rise of services and production and different kinds of work has made the unions of the past less strong to address the problems that are present. it's interesting to see that the number of european countries which use national minimum wages have been introducing minimum wages in britain and germany. these are two important european countries where unions until 10 or 20 years ago there was no minimum wage because we saw unions were the right place to negotiate wages and these two countries have gone on to different political destinations. this can be a way to conduct a wage policy that is more suitable to today's wealth. that is not enough but we need to think about this in light of these evolutions. >> i want to add something more about unions. in america unions help build america's great middle class. [applause] they did that in two ways. they did it by getting out and getting workers organize and do f

unions. just turned 57 and grew up in detroit. both my grandfathers worked for ford. i grandfather on my dad's side was one of the first union reps. my uncle was a teamster. my other uncle was in no right. -- a middle right. i look at the evolution of the labor unions and after world war ii, the guys that came back used the unions. it was a sweet fdr creating all these laws. you have a group of people that becomes the labor union. 35% of the workforce. that labor union was in place until the mid-70's. the vietnam war ends. all of the anger from the country goes away. then comes globalization. now you have 35% of the workforce, 1% of the population that controls nothing. we are number one in the world in education and health care infrastructure. labor unions collapsed because when the vietnam war ended, all of the anger left the country. that was a catalyst of keeping the link that labor unions together. 1% has 57% of the wealth. you have rogue states in this country stealing money from the re

he was a union veteran. his unit was coming through washington right at the time when lafayette baker was there, and lafayette was going through recruiting spies. that's what i think happened. >> it looks like i'm the last question here. you had mentioned before i always kind of see fords' theater itself as kind of the last character in the production. you mentioned that for several weeks fords' theater was closed down. can you briefly tell us what happened to ford's theater? >> they set up their camping and cooking inside the theater and it became a mess very quickly. finally after 39 days when john ford is released stanton previously in transit said, okay, you can reopen the theater. they're scheduled for a july 10 reopening. timing is bad because of the execution of the ones who were found guilty was the week before, so emotion is rising high again. they schedule a reopening. it's going to be "the octeroon," which was jeannie's benefit. they brought back the actors the stage crew rushes around cleaning up

bet the defense presided by the union. and it is equally possible that officers you should have been retained were dismissed because of the prosecution by management. but if for betty has a job to do it and nobody whether a police officer or firemen with public service coming checks the id due process rights that the station house door. it is part of the job they do it as vigorously as we can spend a heck of a bite to respond to that as paul. over the past few years with a high profile case we have always taking nephew .3 nondefense attorneys if there is the accusation made of things we will typically see of internal affairs with a reasonable settlement or it will be appropriate. if somebody does something terrible could technically we don't represent but he fitted betty has offered support what skidway do to help support you as well? so i guess it is pretty simple to say to the brave thing for the reasons. we usually don't defend those a have done something terrible is society if you have been accused within the scope of

unions dominate the legislature. >> you have the unions sitting across the table from the same lengthy are supporting financially. it's impossible to reform a lot of the major problems in illinois. we have a $111 billion in unfunded pension liability. >> that's all? >> i mean, you is -- it's just -- it's mind boggling. the reason it hasn't been reformed is because unions are funding all the springfield. >> democrats have a majority in both houses of the legislature. instead of going directly to the legislature and saying please give me something on reform, i did win, how about a few crumbs? he is going around them and saying, look, i'm going to take this to the public and i'm going to take this to the court and i'm going to try to undercut the roots of your power. that's a little risky politically, isn't it? don't you -- if you lose in court, you could be weaker. >> well i mean, the only way he is going to this is by finding ways to work around the obstructionism. it's going to be there. democrats main plan for him with their super majority he is looking at proposals that's going to t

union local 22. now, he said the inspector general, the city's inspector general is investigating this alleged sex scandal within the fire department. and the union says the preliminary report from the inspector general was highly redacted. so i asked the union president if he thinks the city of philadelphia is hiding something. >> our position is by redacting information and by keeping portions of the report confidential that our perception is absolutely something is being kept from the union. >> reporter: the union president also said in the ig's report that there are allegations against 13 different firefighters as well as two other battalion chiefs in that report. but they only have access to seven of those cases. they also said the woman at the center of this report, who is making these allegations against other members of the fire department, they say she did not want to come forward and file a report but the city insisted she do so and is now possibly pursuing charges against her as well somet

soul of city public unions they have racked many schools the union politician of forces people to payxes to put vast amounts of money towards union leaders into terrible teachers that cannot be fired now matter how bad they are or how bad students to on test. good teachers get discouraged because they are not allowed to earn the big pay they deserved or to try new ideas. the union government bob forbids it. when charter schools finally broke the monopoly and kids got a good education it even liked going to school students in mob got government to limit the number of charters and even passed out pickens kinds -- tickets science and said abort charter schools. talk like that sells like mobsters over teachers. the current union boss sells like a mobster last summer. >> al will take it at of their hands. >> it sells like a mob to rebut reached the the teachers yegorov has lost control as there are more school choice options and parents say schools work better but not under union control. when parents have a choice choice, when anyone has a choice it is the destructive mobs that stop progr

the european union has a great deal of trade. i do not think responsibility is the issue of blame is the issue. it is it is the underlying geopolitical structure that determines what comes out of it and it is one of the characteristics of human beings that someone must be held responsible and it must not be me. the fact of the matter is they're are many forces beyond anyone's control. >> i have been using research for some time. however, i want to thank you for what is basically a pretty good service. the question of genetic modification of agriculture. stratford used to cover this topic extensively but has not run a single a single article on this since 2,006. this is because of the financial relationship between stratford and the influential companies. would you care to comment? >> we have know relationship >> why have you ignored? >> essentially we don't know enough about it. it is a highly technical subject on which science is divided and there is nothing that we can say and add. there are many issues we do not discuss. we co

he constantly talks about how he -- how much he loves the union and his devotion to the union. but he has been taught from his very first day that his first allegiance is to virginia, and even in that time people were surprised. they said, seems strange to us that someone who was so associated with george washington is ignoring the message of the george washington's farewell address but lee never waiverred in the question. he always felt he had a duty to virginia and was determined to fulfill that duty. so he is either going to portray -- betray his country or go to war against his home state, and that we be very difficult to so. not to say other virginians didn't make the choice. it's just to understand it was an extremely difficult decision to have to make. >> yes. >> how about the statement that one of the differences between lee and washington was that washington realized that the commander-in-chief was -- what he mainly had to do was not lose the war, and that lee never had that insight to possibly end the civil war that would have been true. >> right. that's one of the cr

no state legislature can compel anybody to join a union or to force a sheriff to recognize a union if the workers don't want one. the other thing i think that's important to emphasize, because it gets -- ties into this same i think, level of resistance sometimes that the related issue of a national law enforcement bill of rights. one of the frequent criticisms is, well if we have that in place, the union in place, i can't get rid of a bad cop, a dirty cop, the brutal cop. and that's just not true. i think speaking from my own experience, but from cases where i've worked with police officers who did the right thing and were wrongly accused and police officers who did the wrong thing and were properly accused. when you have the framework that's in place it actually provides in practical terms procedural checklist for the department. and it's very difficult for an attorney representing the union or representing the officer who has been fired to try to get that officer's job back if the chief or the sheriff can go to the arbitrator, the judge whoever it is and say look, here's what the la

so was private sector unions have declined, public sector unions have remained very stable or constant. so their histories are different. their sources of law are driven. i also argue that the way they operate and the policy of x. are different. which uses a public sector unions get what i called two bytes of the apple. that is, they can when things directly for their members first through collective bargaining, and that failing all through politics. that is to participate in the political process, electioneering and lobbying in the way that the private sector counterparts can't. third, public employees unions are different in the sense that they can exercise influence on both sides of the bargaining table in a way that private sector unions can't hope to do which is through the second byte of the apple, that is lobbying and electioneering, public employee unions can gain some influence with those who are acting as management in a way that private sector unions, whether that's machine is unions, here in seattle, has no say over who boeing's ceo or cfo is. that's not the same in the pub

we had little frayed with russia, the european union has athe european union has a great deal of trade. the underlying geopolitical structure determines what comes out of it and it is a characteristic of human beings that somebody must be held responsible and it must not be me, therefore it must be you. the fact of the matter is there are many forces beyond anyone's control. >> i have been researching for some time, i thank you for a pretty good service, however i want to thank you for what is a pretty good service. however one of the points of contention between the u.s. and europe is the question of genetic modification of agriculture. strafford used to cover this topic extensively but hasn't done a single article on this since 2006. wiki leaks says this is because of the financial relationship between stratford and influential companies. would you care to comment on that? >> we have that relationship with wiki leaks and many things. >> the big point -- >> we don't know enough about it. it is a high technical subject in which science is divided. there is nothing we can add to it. the