>> we have merged a lot of other unions. the last one was the flight attendants union. we have represented these folks. we have been merging other unions. >> what are some of the other telecommunications companies? >> at&t, frontier, verizon, t-mobile. come apeaking of verizon 45 day strike recently ended. what came out of that? what was the strike about? the strike was about one thing and one thing only, jobs and job security. for verizon, it was about a lot of things. we managed to come out of it with what we wanted and i think we did very well. verizon also did ok. thanks you should go out to kill an employer, you should keep an employer successful if you can. which is what we did up her eyes and. we came out with a bunch of jobs and we didn't have before, got work back from overseas and nonunion contractors, which was our goal going in. host: joining our conversation is david, a reporter. >> you guys went on strike after eight months of negotiations. what prompted the strike? you want making the progress he wanted? verizon dug in on some of the issues? 10 shelton: i

the trade unions have to reform. it's not only about -- peter: all this confrontation on the streets of france. pascal was comparing it to verdun. saying it's the battle of all battles. france is a battlefield and you're telliling me that it's a kind of political theater and nothing more. geraldine: no, there are between 150,000 and 300,000 people were in the street last thursday in all france. i'm just comparing the figures, you know. and this is also something that we have to say, there are no mass demonstrations in the street. pascal: yes, but there is one big difference compared with the huge strikes of 1995 against the bill of the former prime minister and also strikes in the last years also during the reign of nicolas sarkozy. it is the first strike with this dimension n against left-wing government. the last one was in the 1980's, so it is different, of course. it is a big challenge, maybe an historical one, i don't know, for a left-wing government in france and it is also -- i think it's more or less a cultur

the campaign to leave the european union has won. moments ago nigel farage, the leader of the uk independence party, spoke to supporters. >> i hope this victory brings down this failed project and leads us to a europe of sovereign nation states trading together, being friends together, cooperating together, and let's get rid of the flag, the anthem, brussels, and all that has gone wrong. [ cheers and applause ] let's let june the 23rd go down in our history as our independence day. >> he also had a message for british prime minister david cameron. >> nigel, what's your message to the prime minister now? >> look outside of the window. just look at it, prime minister. the dawn is coming up on an independent united kingdom, something you did your absolute best, you used all your powers to prevent. you did it using every organ of state available to you. you've lost. you've lost the trust of the british people. go. go now. >> he should resign this morning? >> absolutely. >> investors are already reacting to the news in asia, where markets

how has it affected your union? >> guest: we've dealt with, you know, i've been around this union for quite a long time. you know, we've always dealt with technology. you know, some other unions decided that they were going to fight technology. we decided probably 50 years ago that it didn't make any sense to fight technology, that you could not win if you fought technology. we decided probably 50 years ago that we should embrace technology, and we should entreaty all the companies that we work for to train us in the new technology which is what we've done in every telecommunications company that we represent. we have training programs that just keep with the ongoing technology changes, our members learn the new technology as quick as it can come out. and we've been very successful doing that. >> host: 1968, what was that first job you had with new york telephone? [laughter] >> guest: i was a repairman in new york city. >> host: were you a member of the union? >> guest: i was. first day on the job. >> host: and how

should we remain in the european union? or should we leave the european union?ut now a two-year negotiation, least, gets under way to negotiate what would be the final exit package of leaving the european union. and is there a notion in parliament that when that final exit package is ready to present to british voters that perhaps there might need to be another referendum that says, here is what the deal actually is to leave, do you approve this deal to leave? >> let's back away from that for a second and ask another question which is, the prime minister of britain, david cameron, campaigned in favor of staying inside the european union. so how long will he last? most of the politicians, the lawmakers elected to the house of commons behind me here, were in favor of staying inside the european union. so if a bill comes to the houses of parliament for britain to leave the european union, will that be passed by those same lawmakers? will that mean then that the british government cannot continue and that there will need to be a general election in britain to elect

we are not driving change in the european union. then they confirm, but any piece to support country by country reporting and they said that over and over again and i'm happy to repeat that today. >> i'm really pleased and we a lot delighted about that. i hope they get around to voting for it. that would certainly help. he will be aware, mr. speaker of the labor position is that we want to stay in the european union to improve worker's rights, tackle exploitation, dragged on tax evasion and tax avoidance. but we are concerned that these issues are not the priorities of members of this government policies such as the member for outreach and a member for wear them. they are speaking to try and destroy social advances made within the european union. does he talk to them at any time and do they speak for themselves for him and his government and if they speak for themselves, they minister the same time. >> here i am trying to be so conceptual. i'm doing my best. i could've mentioned the number is now spinning for nigel for roche. [shout

they belonged to the european union. it is not an issue that springs from the european union membership. england is not a party to the agreement that other european union countries along to. britain can decide right now who enters from outside the european union. this is not an issue of middle eastern immigration or something like that. immigrantsnk having from poland, germany, or even romania is an issue. just goe doing work -- to britain, you will see it is prosperous and thriving. yes, it has problems, but immigrants are playing a final of a market-based economy. calling.have steve good morning. caller: i was hoping he could i'mk to the thinking that sure is similar in the united states, a lot of these immigrants are coming in and wagesay be driving down so the average working guy who is struggling and has been losing the economic strengths for many years, it seems to be culminated now. you want to blame it on the immigrants -- something is happening, we are losing jobs. host: let's give daniel griswold a chance to re

the eu has voted to leave the european union. and in the aftermath of that, the british prime minister david cameron has said he'll resign in around three months from now. that will take us up to october, the time of the british political party conference season. so that's the time when david cameron will go. now we await to see who will step in to lead britain in this new route. >> the people of the uk voted to leave. and a couple of hours ago, david cameron saying he'd resign as prime minister. obviously, president obama in the united states has been kept informed overnight. the president is on the west coast in san francisco doing some events concerning entrepreneurship. it's expected that mr. obama will speak to david cameron some time in the next 24 hours. obviously, to determine how the relationship between the so-called special relationship goes on. even though nothing changes immediately. as for the prime minister, he has just seen his political life implode. he said it wouldn't be right for him to steer britain to its ne

remember in the european union, the u.k. had.al situation, a global backlash to that, and what kern concerns mei think financial markets as well, it's a backlash to institutions and warnings as well. there is a break in terms it's global in nature. in terms of socioeconomic, how the vote went down, the younger people wanted to stay in, higher and educated people wanted to stay in. seeing immigration as a positive rather than negative. similar things in the united states. the backlash to free trade, immigration, the desire toñm walls instead of open borders. that is a breakdown of what we knew as a post-world war ii prosperity and i think that should rattle markets. it could be a paradigm shift if not contained and that's where the uncertainty is we don't know how far it's going to go because it isn't one country. it's many countries experiencing the same thing and we don't know how far the reaction function will go. >> reportergo. >> sreenivasan: what about the the idea of containment? if the bank of england stands and says we wi

you were in the same customs area, the same customs union. both members of the european union.e had a free travel arrangement that enabled, for example, something in the region of 20,000 people every day crossing back and forth across that nonborder for their work. 5,000 were doing so to study going back and forth. what this means now is that that line across northern and southern ireland is now going to become the only land border that separates the whole of the united kingdom from the rest of the european union. otherwise we're obviously surrounded by sea. it's going to be only land border. and it's a land border that's going to run between two different customs areas. you'll need customs posts and checks on goods traveling back and forth. but also, of course, it will mean the end of free movement of people. why? because effectively, britain has voted to leave the european union because many of them didn't like eu nationals coming here freely. so in putting down the shutter, over our front door to the rest of europe, it would not make sense to leave the back door as it were i

unions are a big business.ple don't understand that if you take all the unions in america today, annual cash flow is over $20 billion a year. that is coming from dues. you got to have more people on the job, you resist progression, you resist productivity and you say i need to keep the same people on the job i had before even though i don't need them anymore. it's the joke about how many electricians does it take to screw in a lightbulb? john: how many? >> three, one guy to hold the bulb, one to turn the bulb and one to hold the ladder. john: the $15 wage is successful? >> in a few places, but for the most part the country understands paying somebody $30,000 who doesn't have a high school degree is not the way to get the low-skilled people in the workforce. these are people who are going to be pushed out by technology, you're not going to be able to get the same number of jobs in a mcdonald's because they're going to kiosks. john: earlier i played a clip of a union protest that shut down a mcdonald's, demand th

if it leaves the european union.n't know what the european union will look like in 10, 15 years either. there is a lot of guesswork called in, but no concrete answers. in the end, people in the u.k. will have to listen to both sides and make up their final analysis. many grumblings, of course. it has been a very bad tempered and often dirty campaign at times. if the eu referendum were not enough, scotland is also hosting donald trump on friday. it is the first international trip he has taken since clinching the republican nomination for president. the focus is on reopening one of his luxury golf courses. lana gordon is there for us. reporter: donald trump likes being the center of attention. his public outings are never locate. even more so now that he is in the running to become the president of the united states. mr. trump: you can watch it take off. reporter: he has garnered publicity and controversy during his many visits over the years. >> great to be back in scotland again? mr. trump: great to be back in scotla

about half of the european union average.conomic growth for the last ten years has been double the european union average. this introduces a boatload of uncertainty. if i'm waking up here in the middle east or in asia right now and had my expectations built up, i would be really concerned. "remain" camp optimism picked up. they're under shocked because it's turned the other way with a three-point spread as you can see from the results. >> john defterios, thank you very much. christiane? >> reporter: halla, as we've been talking, watching the pound tumble and who know what is will happen when the whe all the markets open -- going back to ryan heath, correspondent for politico, we were talking about what might change in the -- well, it is the morning but once the final result comes in. apart from the real volatility there we've seen in the pound, et cetera. what is going to change in parliament? what is going to change with britain's relationship with europe immediately? >> not an awful lot. there's around 100,000 pages of eu l

no way to change the direction of the european union. they have released their own report where they said we want to create a european superstate. we don't want to be part of that. are you worried about what will happen in the region if the u.k. leaves? there will be pressure for france to leave and germany and then we will go right back to how we were before, haven't we, before the european union, which is guaranteed peace and security on this continent for 60 years. we go back inward looking nations protecting their own borders. >> no, it hasn't at all. it has been the job of nato. webritain leaves tomorrow, will still continue to cooperate. globalization isn't slowing down. we have to cooperate with our friends and allies. that isn't going to change at all. if britain doesn't leave, there will be another country that does. i think it is about 50-something percent of people in france want a referendum on membership. this is the thing we are seeing all across europe. people are not happy. if it is not britain that leaves, it will be ano

has voted to leave the european union. there was no hiding the emotion as david cameron with his wife samantha emerged in downing street. prime minister david cameron: the british people had voted to leave the european union and there will must be respected. carol: he had fought and lost the battle to persuade the country to stay in the european union. prime minister cameron: i thought this campaign and the only way i know how, which is to say directly and passionately what i think and feel, head, heart and soul. i held nothing back. but the british people have made a very clear decision to take a different path. as such, i think the country requires fresh leadership to take it in this direction. i will do everything i can as prime minister to steady the ship over the coming weeks and months. but i do not think it will be right for me to try to be the captain that steers our country to its next destination. carol: from the moments the result started coming in after midnight, there were big winds for leave. >> the total num

the uk voted to leave the european union.d trump expected to make a speech and the goblins at 6 am eastern time. in england boris johnson, former london mayor who campaign for great britain to exit the european union is expected to deliver a statement at 6 am eastern time. britain's total contribution to the eu has been set at $21.4 billion this year. germany, the eu's largest member, would have to provide the most extra cash. adam shapiro live in berlin with the latest. lou: we would hear from the chancellor of germany, angela merkel, in 45 minutes, she will issue a statement on the uk's decision to leave the eu. she is not taking questions but several people have questions and one is a woman from scotland who lives in germany for the last we 4 years, elsa glynn joins me. are you shocked your countrymen in the uk voted to leave? >> i am very shocked. i had expected those in favor of remaining would win. >> reporter: what happens to you, your livelihood living in germany now that there is so much uncertainty? >> to be honest

from the local to the national union and help every child that there is to hold in the national union and now i'm the president. >> host: when did your actual work like the new york telephone etc. and as a repairman when you're union duties took over? >> guest: sometime in the late 70s. >> host: david shepardson. >> guest: in terms of wireless what is the future for the business. verizon trying to sell off the wireless business, does this contract make that work more stable or less likely for verizon to sell the business? >> guest: i don't know that it does either and i don't really know that verizon really does want to sell off their wireline business because if they do then they have no basis for their wireless business. they have to be renting all kinds of technology and structure from another company that they sold to. i don't know that makes sense to lease and what they have left. as you know they have sold properties over the country and the only thing they have left is the eastern seaboard and they themselves think the eastern seaboard is a very lucrative market and i think the

if the european union is secure for political extremism, how come the political union has advanced further and further at people have become more concerned about the state of european politics? i would submit that the answer here is not more eu, the answer here is less eu. as we have had more eu, we have had more problems. if the u.s. continues to base on the european union, and i think most , iticans support the eu will continue to see more economic strain which is inherent in the euro. it will continue to see a weaker european-u.s. transatlantic security link. all of these developments will undermine nato. i don't think any of these things are in the interest of the nations in europe and they are not in the interest of the united states either. the true interests of the united states are the american ideas that help to save western europe after 1945 and save eastern europe after 1989, the ideas of economic freedom, multilateral cooperation toward security and prosperity and support for a democratic national government. of thes the basis american strategy after 1945 and it worked. and do

we'll have implications on the earth union as well. britain was a pivotal member since it joined in 1973. this is a sharp way here. it is an economic earthquake. >> without a doubt, bill, i am just trying to process all of this because a lot has happened and it has been a bit of a roller coaster on a night like this. >> is this an emotional reaction on the part of the prime minister or did he have no choice but to go into this direction. >> look, david cameron gamble, and not of the future of this country. in order for you to stop zero conceptism which is his own party. >> the conservative party has been split. for decades ons this issue of european. he wants to put it in the bag once and four all. we also gamble with the college referendum. he managed to secure the united place. the real danger is this could lead up to the break up. but breaking up the united kingdom. >> scotland is the only when colding free within the united kingdom to vote solidly and remaining. it goes in 2 the and and to sta. >> another vote and referendum of the

it does not of european union army. he is, though, afraid of american power in europe, he is afraid of nato power. and i believe that nato will be significantly strengthened if britain is outside of the european union. and without a doubt, the united states needs to reassess the entire approach towards europe as britain mentioned. has many decades back to the yourian project this idea of ever closer union in europe. this is a 1950s or 1960s mindset, very out dated, and the united states decent support, economic freedom in europe, self determination, sovereignty, all of the things that the american people cherish and hold dear in their hearts wharks is good for america is good for europe as well. this is certainly the view of my former boss, and i would like to set the record straight that has been a number of, i will say, articles suggesting that margaret thatcher would be opposed to it today. i can say that, you know, based on my own conversations of many, many years that we're alive today, she will be fighting tooth a

a difficult relationship with the european union.britain were not in it would make policymaking in the european union a little earlier. >> what is interesting is after the outcome, next week the chancellor in germany on glimmer:leaders from france to discuss rebuilding the e.u. whether the united kingdom leaves. no matter what the outcome, we are watching from london. back to you. >> global economy front and center. for how leaders here at home are viewing the uk vote. peter barnes will join us from washington in a little bit. lauren: democrat status it in on the house floor to demand a vote on gun control legislation. congressman john lewis meeting 200 lawmakers refusing to let republicans resume regular business until the house voted on gun control. 10 hours later house speaker paul ryan convened the chamber to hold a brief series of votes speaking loudly over the protesters. take a listen. >> the chair would hope the business of the house could be conducted in a fashion the represents and respect positively on the dignity and deco

will it be in or out of the european union? we would get updates from across -- we will get updates from across europe. in paris.kes place tens of thousands taking part in the latest protest of the government's labour reform. now, it is finally here. british voters taking part today in an historic referendum on the nation's future. more than 46 million people have registered to vote. today, those that did answer a simple question -- should the united kingdom remain in the european union or should it leave? this is the -- only the third time the u.k. has held such a vote. let's go to london now. "france 24's" luke brown is there. you have been talking to people in the capital today. people say they are pretty confused when it comes down to it. when you speak to people, what do you tell you -- what do they tell you resonates with them? luke: it really depends on where you are in the country. outside of london, at one of the places we have visited over the past couple of days, issues there are immigration and sovereignty -- how mu

the union itself?st: no, i don't. i think the situation in united kingdom has always been a little bit special. the united kingdom was late to join european integration. there has always been a lively debate in the u.k. as the weather there real place was in europe or with a more independent stance. this has been ongoing for many years. we knew that when this referendum took place there would be deeply divided views. there are strongly held views by people in united kingdom which ultimately won the day in this referendum that they should not be a part of the european union. i think the situation in the other member states is very different. the united kingdom was not part of the euro, or the free travel area. when you look at the 27 member states that remain in the european union, 19 are members of the euro and most of the others with a small exception of sweden have clearly indicated they wish to join the euro. most are members of the free travel area. when you look in the public opinion polls and oth

to remain in the european union.ectors from 61 of the companies that make up the ftse 100 top-flight share index have announced a public position on the issue, but that is not to say all business leaders are in favor of staying in the eu as kate moody explains. kate: it is the hot topic in britain's boardroom. business leaders have backs uk's membership in the european union. the bosses of more than half of largesttry's 100 companies in 900 small and medium-sized firms said their businesses would be stronger in europe. >> our reasons are straightforward. businesses and their employees benefit massively from being able to trade inside the world's largest single market without barriers. among those that have joined hsbc, unilever, and others in supporting the remain campaign. business lobby groups have also warned that a break that might pose to the industry at large. although none of britain's biggest companies have come out in favor of leaving the eu, the debate is far from one-sided. many smaller businesses like the

no one was expecting 52 to 48% to leave the european union. i'm afraid the decision -- as david cameron and others said all along. this is revocable. there's no going back. britain will spend two years, maybe more negotiating how it untangled itself from almost a half century of trade deal and legal deals with the european union even comes down to 15 million or 65 million new passports because british people will not be able to have a european union passport. there's a lot to work out. this is one reason david cameron said i need to resign because i should not be in charge of negotiating with the european union when people decided to leave. it was a huge gamble by him. a gamble of his political future, a gamble on britain's future when you think that really what it started out as his attempt to kill off euro skepticism within his own party, to scare off the rebels in his party that kept going on and on about how bad europe was. he tried to finish them off by throwing it open to the british people. that gamble failed speblg tack larry. >> one f

has now voted to leave the european union. nigel ferrage, leader of the independence party heading up the leave campaign, which won, has a message for british prime minister david cameron. >> i hope this victory brings down this failed project and leads us to a europe of sovereign nation states trading together, being friends together, cooperating together, and let's get rid of the flag, the anthem, brussels, and all that has gone wrong. let june the 23rd go down in our history as our independence day! >> however, labor mp gisela stewart, one of the leaders of the leave movement, called for calm following this news. >> i think it is now incumbent on all of us to be very calm, remember that our responsibility is to the future of the unite d kingdom, and work together to start a process. because this is simply the beginning of a process. of initiating leaving the european union. and in the long run i think we will find that both europe and the united kingdom will emerge stronger as a result of this. >> we are expecting to hear f

and nobody really made a positive case of the european union. it was always this project fear that the remain campaign has displayed. the european union has had such a reputation over the last year. probably even decades. not a positive. not many positive messages about what is good about europe. and this has hardly ever come up. these are the main reasons. >> a lot of active opposition. we saw this anti-establishment push. rolling out in the markets we have seen a big selloff. how big is the fear we could see an economic impact? >> different opinions. a number of people i talked to hear in the remain heartland of london has said of course they are disappointed. this is exactly the scenario they wanted to avoid. now that it is there, some of them have told me they are not all that concerned. they think it is a two-year process now. there will be one way or another to get forward. others feel it is difficult. >> tnk you. the u.k.'s decision to leave the eu has caught the attention of world leaders including barack obama. >> a few hours ago i spok

berlin, topo to european union's got today as the european union digest the shock. caroline hyde is there as angela with theirs counterparts. it seems like she is leaving it up to the u.k. as far as negotiating process, but she is the person who is going to take a softer approach. the rest of the european commission and council, maybe not so much. caroline: you are right. idea of givingan them patients. she is the voice of pragmatism throughout these negotiations. she was speaking in the chancellery earlier, she was meeting the ukrainian leaders. she has been speaking to the fact that it is in the uk's power to determine when article 50 is triggered. the process in which the uk's are to leave the european union. she said there was a slight inck, she is having a carrot their time, the timing of all of this. but they're also saying informal negotiations can't start until they trigger that article 50. we spoke to her main chief of staff earlier today, who really talked about the need for patients. have a listen. there's an ongoing process of consideration inside the u.

uni unions love roots. john: unions love groups, they say they want, but are the protesters the real deal? >> i do not work for a fast-food restaurant. >> which fast-food restaurant do you work for? >> i don't work for fast food. john: bad rules give us warning labels. >> this may contain fish, warning. john: some bad rules rip children from the only families they've known, others with pointless red tape. >> 50 pages. >> bad rules. that's our show tonight. [applause] . john: this is what built america, the declaration of independence and the constitution. it's thin, yet these rules which put limits on government, created the most prosperous and successful country in the history of the world, but after the founders gave us this, someone said we need more rules. and now we did need some, this wasn't perfect. this allowed for slavery. founders never thought about pollution control, so good some rules were added and changed. but 164,000 of them? that's how many had accumulated by the time president obama took o

we are not driving change in the european union. then they confirm, but any piece to support country by country reporting and they said that over and over again and i'm happy to repeat that today. >> i'm really pleased and we a lot delighted about that. i hope they get around to voting for it. that would certainly help. he will be aware, mr. speaker of the labor position is that we want to stay in the european union to improve worker's rights, tackle exploitation, dragged on tax evasion and tax avoidance. but we are concerned that these issues are not the priorities of members of this government policies such as the member for outreach and a member for wear them. they are speaking to try and destroy social advances made within the european union. does he talk to them at any time and do they speak for themselves for him and his government and if they speak for themselves, they minister the same time. >> here i am trying to be so conceptual. i'm doing my best. i could've mentioned the number is now spinning for nigel for roche. [shout

unions, othersses, and so many all saying that our economy will be better off. ifilies will be better off we remain in. he is absolutely right about interest rates. the last thing homeowners need, the last thing our country needs, is a hike in interest rates. planglad he supports the of remaining inside a reformed european union. >> nigel adams. >> thank you, mr. speaker. can i congratulate my right honorable friend for delivering this historic referendum? unfortunately, we have some hysterical scare-mongering during the debate. there are those in this house that believe if the british people decide to leave the eu, there should be a second referendum. can he assure the house and country that, whatever the results on june 24, his government will carry out the wishes of the british people? if the vote is to leave, then we leave? >> i am happy to agree with my honorable friend. "in" means we remain in a reformed european union. "out" means we have come out. that means out of the european union, out of the european single market, out of all of those things. it then

>> newspapers across the european union are talking about this. will happens, the brexit affect the rest of europe. union jack and lots of english words. this french paper calls today d-day. happens, thiser is a good thing. not giving the european union the jumpstart it needs to start performing and make changes. another newspaper is trying to play on a shakespeare quote. another french newspaper is asking in or out. there are five reasons for staying in and five reasons for being out. >> what are those reasons? if it ise wondering bad or good for britain. outside the u.k., some will say is it good for france or the rest of europe. the argument is linked to that. it's as written should leave the britain should leave the european union which will give them a chance to come through because britain keeps acting like up dutch lions child.on the remain side , -- like a petulant child. on the remain side, what if other eu states wonder if they should have their own referendum. >> thank you so much. that's what the papers are saying about the brexit refe

after all, it's going to be the same uk and the same european union. except that you'll have to treat with them separately. >> reporter: research firm capital economics points out experts to the uk are equivalent to 0.7% of gdp for the region as a whole. cambodia, vietnam, and hong kong could be affected but the firm says otherwise the impact on asia's economy because of brexit could be limited. for "nightly business report," i'm eunice yun in beijing. >>> after today's steep plunge in the stock markets, what happens next? bob pisani takes a look for us tonight. >> reporter: we ended near the lows for the day on the biggest volume day of the year. most large stocks down 3% or more. could have been worse. the rebounds occurred at the close but it was orderly and it did not appear to impact stock prices. so what's next? we're back where we've been many times on either side of 2150 in the s&p 500. we've pivoted in and out of that point for over a year. the key question for investors is, what's the impact on earnings? many big global companies get 20% or m

for grant, union victory was one of right over wrong. these competing visions would exert a profound influence over postwar politics, and yet, grant and lee did not craft these in isolation. as this drama unfolded, the countrymen and women crowded the scene and surrounded with their own aspirations and dreams. these dreams included the dream of freedom itself. in the eyes of african-american soldiers and former slaves, more than the union had indicated that april day, lee's surrender was for them. it was a promise finally fulfilled. as opposed to the surrender of restoration, the confederate interpretation, vindication, the victors shape took place on april 9, 19 -- 1865. -- reveals the depth of the bitterness and also the heated division within each side north and south. we will begin with the confederate interpretation. on april 8, 1865, lee tendered a grant that the confederate cause was hopeless and it was time to capitulate. he wrote, " i do not think the time has risen reason to surrender, but if restoration of peace should be the

our membership of the european union and the u.k. membership and that is where we should take our negotiating services. >> thank you, mr. speaker. market traders make a huge contribution to our local economy. with that in mind about what my right honorable friend called with me literally thousands to stop council going ahead with its plan to all those three-day market. >> would join him in paying tribute to all the hard work market traders across the country have provided. i know how important these markets are. i hope the council will listen carefully to matt honorable friend's campaign to make sure the historic market is not less altogether. >> justin matters. thank you, mr. speaker. at the prime minister will recall my constituency is part of the referendum campaign. we voted to leave the e.u. to keep those jobs in this country. we recognize their responsibility but i would ask the prime minister if he can ensure it is early tax of general motors are given the reassurance needed that motor vehicles will be able to be exported to t

but to lead the european union. -- leave the european union. his first -- his first major speech, u.s. army secretary eric fanning will speak with us. we have live coverage at 7:20 a.m. on c-span2. c-span2 washington journal live every day with news and policy issues that impact you. the supreme court ruled i've-three against the texas abortion act. coming up, national journal correspondent sam baker talks about the ruling. also, elizabeth wider. discuss of the court ruling in the texas abortion access case and other key rulings this term. shares hislson thoughts on this terms big supreme court cases and the potential impact on the 2016 presidential campaign. be sure to watch c-span's washington journal beginning live at 7:00 eastern. join the discussion. >> i am pleased that the senators have come to this conclusion. television in the senate will undoubtedly provide citizens with greater access and exposure to the actions of this body. will help all americans to be better informed that the problems and issues which face this nation on a day by

yes, there were many problems with european union. staympaign explicitly to and change it, to make it into a better organization. to democratize it. what was done in greece was an abomination. what is definitely clear is that this referendum, which by the leave camp, pretty much on two issues, one of which is sort of lies about putting more money into nhs, which i think everyone agrees are basically untrue, and a second issue, which i think was overwhelming and probably led to their victory, was immigration. i think that should scare us a lot. it does scare me. i have been up all night. i'm genuinely terrified about the future of this country in this continent. from trump in america to la france, the enemies are celebrating and we should be worried. juan: alex scrivener, what about the issue -- you mention immigration. what will happen now in terms of immigration policy in britain, especially because the european union obviously allowed the flow of labor from one country to another in terms of micro-labors thing able to enter britain

our membership of the european union and the u.k. membership and that is where we should take our negotiating services. >> thank you, mr. speaker. market traders make a huge contribution to our local economy. with that in mind about what my right honorable friend called with me literally thousands to stop council going ahead with its plan to all those three-day market. >> would join him in paying tribute to all the hard work market traders across the country have provided. i know how important these markets are. i hope the council will listen carefully to matt honorable friend's campaign to make sure the historic market is not less altogether. >> justin matters. thank you, mr. speaker. at the prime minister will recall my constituency is part of the referendum campaign. we voted to leave the e.u. to keep those jobs in this country. we recognize their responsibility but i would ask the prime minister if he can ensure it is early tax of general motors are given the reassurance needed that motor vehicles will be able to be exported to t

and the european union.t will calm down in due course, any big organization, this is a big, important country, that makes a big change, there are likely to be unfront uncertainties and costs, we have to manage those. >> he talks about a smooth progression into the future. do you see that happening? >> i don't. obviously, both britain, will have to approach this as calmly as they k almost every economists, united on this one. the impact will be to damage the economy, because it damages the british economy. the other countries of the european union will take it badly. i think we are going to have a period of difficult negotiations. >> damn, bad day for europe, does not suggest a leader is rolling out the red carpet. >> the prime minister is going to stay here. >> you say that really? >> that is what he said he will do. those who supported brexit have asked him to stay. i regarded it as his duty to stay. >> does that clear up the mess? >> he is the right person to conduct the negotiation with our partner over t

the european union. we've tried to build as much goodwill as possible on both sides. >> can i pay tribute to the prime minister following the announcement of his resignation on friday. of course we have and agreed but his commitment to historic bipartisanship during the coalition government and his energetic commitment to the remain campaign was favorable to the tribalism of others. he has my respect and my thanks. i also, i also respect the outcome of the referendum but i still feel passionately that britain's interest are better served at the heart of europe in the european union. i can accept his speech but i will not give up. i have not changed my belief. with the promises of the leave campaign unraveling and no leadership being shown by the opposition, will the prime minister confirmed that the free movement of people and access to the single market are paramount to the stability of britain and will heal launch an investigation to the whereabouts >> it's not up to me to ensure attendance in the cham

the european union. appearing on abc's "this week," mitch mcconnell said u.k. citizens got tired of being told what to do. is up tocconnell: it the british to make that decision. you can read about the frustration of having ceded to bureaucrats in brussels so much authority. you know, you see the same thing here. we have had a regulatory rampage over the last six years. a lot of people the president has put on these boards and commissions in his government are pursuing policies that we have not passed in congress. senator mcconnell also praised the relationship with the u.k., saying the only one comparable is america's relationship with israel. the brexit campaign leader boris johnson will launch his bid to replace david cameron as conservative leader. johnson is gathering the names of lawmakers who will back him. lie isve campaign out being urged to challenge johnson, though he has not said he wants the job. 15 somali people killed when islam it extremists -- islamic extremists stormed and mogadishu hot

the european union has as its animating objective, ever closer to a union, which means ultimate -- ande have seen with the problems of the eurozone a among the core countries is essential if this product will survive. britain has never wanted to be a part of this. so it is easy to portray this as boris johnson behaving in an opportunistic way or a spasm of the british have been reluctant members of the eu. by the way, it is why, i think this break in whatever emerges from it, it will be messy and chaotic for a year or so, maybe the best thing, because we will instead establish a relationship between britain and the rest of the european union -- and the european union that will be more sustainable. charlie: and the rest of the world. gerard: and the rest of the world. britain, let's be clear, this is one of the other myths put apart -- put about by the the anti-brexit people. middle england is in, people wanting for a better yesterday, going back to the 1950's when britain was cut off, that is not true. britain wants a better treat you tradenited states, -- deal with the united states f

be secededms would states rejoin the union? with the social and economic structure of the defeated confederacy change? what would become of the american west? i think we sometimes forget that the question over whether slavery would exist in places even in my home state of utah, new mexico, california, kansas and nebraska, had done much to bring on the war. howthat the union had won, would these new places be governed? so today i went to suggest that understanding reconstruction is just as critical as causes, theg the course, and the outcome of the civil war itself. in many ways, reconstruction did just as much to shape the future of the united states as the war itself. how one should understand reconstruction is the subject of my talk today. the first point that i would like to make about reconstruction is that contrary to what you might have heard, this is a constant struggle for my students to find what is the north, but for the purposes of today, i would like to define the north as the states that simply supported the union