we are following union orders. just following union orders. it's not a legal defense. >> not yet. >> not yet. this will be litigated. and we'll see ultimately what the courts hold. i don't know if it is unconstitutional but if it absolves them from listening to an employer. there were two bills that actually didn't pass that they ould >> couple of questions over ere. >> i was at a talk a few days ago and there was mention that legislation was being proposed hat would require the state to compensate the public employees' unions for the loss of dues due to janus decision. anybody no anything about that. >> no, but, wow! looks like the government is controlling the union. in the wake of janus, some unions are saying we have to turn to that. others are saying no. if we giving up our soul are being funded against the bargaining and government funding of unions is out there and being debated even on the left. from a constitutional point of view, it gets around some issues of speech. >> in federal law. that results in the federal government paying i

than an orally-delivered state of the union. when you don't have the pressure to speak publicly, you can write as much as you want because then it is some poor clerk's responsibility than it is for you to deliver it. the second part of the question, can a president if they so choose deliver their state of the union address in a written fashion? what do we think? can a president if they so desire send their state of the union in a written form? >> yes. prof. ubertaccio: yes, they can. yes, they can. it is simply a choice. president carter gave his last, in 1981, in written fashion. in the early 1970's president nixon experimented with written addresses that were all very lengthy, although he gave most of his state of the union addresses in person. it is just a choice. it's a good question because the demands of the second constitutional presidency, the one that proscribes popular leadership, makes it difficult to imagine how presidents can avoid delivering it in person. because it demands the spectacle even if it is largely unsuc

one, we are part of the european union and will be part of the european union but in the european unionnd not the problem and we contribute to the success of the european union. why? we've got funds here but this is not the outcome of generosity of western europe. this is based on contracts and it's a 2—way street. one way, european funds coming here, the other way, with open to the market and you know how mini profits western european companies have gained here? the fact that 70 cents of every euro which comes to this country in funds is going back to the western part of europe. did you know that? if you know it and other representatives of distinguished media knows it, and western politicians, why don't they say it? on the other hand, the specific questions which come from the flow of cohesion funds. olaf, the internal auditing part of the european union, has looked at the way your company —— your government has spent the funds, street lighting, water services and last year it said because of systemic failings and corruption, it wanted 280 - failings and corruption, it wanted 280 — pl

president trump will deliver his state of the union speech tonight on to congress. it is scheduled to begin at 9:00 p.m. eastern and live coverage starts here at 8:00. u.s. senate historian spoke with c-span about the state of the union and some of its traditions in history. don: it has a variety of histories. it started off as an annual address in person way back in 1789 when george washington gave his state of the union message and washington and adams did it in person. then, thomas jefferson stopped that practice and started sending out the message. in 1913 you had woodrow wilson decided he would come in person to congress. since then, every president has come in person except herbert hoover who didn't like to speak in public and didn't really have a good feeling with congress. so he sent his message. every other president has made a big deal of coming up for this. it's gotten bigger with radio and television and the internet. so it's a huge event these days. greta: why did thomas jefferson decide to deliver his in writing? would he approve of this annual showing

the union or the new president gives it? >> what we find is that carter delivered one at the end of his term. ford did. hnson did, nixon resigned so that complicates the schedule. presidents can deliver one at the end of their term. it's delivered every january. and so the outgoing statement can choose to deliver a state of the union like johnson or send one in writing, like president carter did or choose not to give one. a lot of presidential addresses in a short period of time. you could have an outgoing president give their final state f union and the new coming president will give one. and will ask congress to appear before them early in their term. that is not an official state of the union but a address before congress and sometimes they choose that to do that. other presidents have opted going to a farewell address. but not all presidents choose to do that. i don't believe president obama did and president bush did not. here are some flexibilities. all right, everyone. well, thank you. that's it for today. enjoy your

disgruntlement with the european union has translated itself into it to get out of the european union there's a lot of the blame lies with the conservative government who for years have been telling the british public that any problems. with brussels boris johnson was the daily telegraph correspondent here in brussels in fact. sure was the prime minister and he would write stories about bennett cucumber his and square strawberries putting all of the blame on brussels so for years the british public has had a diet of tabloids blame for any bureaucracy or stupid legislation on the e.u. we mustn't credit the former farm sector with too much info but nonetheless the there's a new touch on the u.k. press of a fiercely anti european union attitude stretching by twenty or thirty years when one remembers the famous sun newspaper front beard tools that used the loss didn't run in scotland up front page and certainly back in the one nine hundred ninety s. so do you think that has conditioned the u.k. public over the period of time to be the only country which translates your skepticism into bla

how the state of the union evolved over time. and we'll consider its place in modern american political culture. and we'll jews use the conception of the two constitutional presidencies for the history of the state of the union, the state of the union address, mirrors changes in the executive office itself. it highlights the changes and the changes to our increasingly rhetorical modern presidency. let's start with the basic mechanics of this address. this is an annual event of state, allegedly. two houses of congress convene in the chamber of the house of representatives, the diplomatic corps is present. the joint chiefs are there. the justices of the supreme court are in attendance. the first lady enters to respectful applause. and then the most important part for me is the following. [applause] >> the president of the united states. peter: why do you think that particular clip is so exciting to me? not only because it would appear to be an awesome job aspiration for me, i think i could belt out, mr. speaker, the president of th

my answer what is the state of the union, the state of the union is fair and balanced. i don't mean that in quite the sense that her friends at fox news mean it. i think the most important fact about today versus a year ago is that the democrats took over the house of representatives and i think we've seen in the first weeks of the year in the shutdown by how important that is. i think as a go forward it's important realize not only is nancy pelosi speak about that because senate rules require 60 votes for almost everything, not judges, that chuck schumer and his alliance with nancy pelosi can kind of multiply, that's a force multiplier and that when schumer and pelosi stick together as they did in this fight, they can have quite a lot of influence not only on the outcome but also on the way the debate goes forward. we can talk more about that because i think they shutdown fight leads democrats united and republicans in much less united. and i think it's clear how democrats are going to proceed than the republicans are good we can talk about that as a good one. in terms

the state of the union. life tuesday at 9:00 p.m. eastern on c-span, c-span.org, or listen with the free c-span radio app. presidenteview of trump's state of the union address. brookings institution panelists talk about the history of the speech, the democratic response, and potential themes for tomorrow's address. this runs an hour and 10 minutes. >> good morning, everyone. when we scheduled this address. we expected that president trump would be delivering the address tomorrow night. but we thought we would convene the panel anyway to discuss both what we expect the president to speak about when he does appear before congress, but more generally to talk about the current state of the relationship between the legislative and executive branches. i could not imagine a better my forf folks than government studies colleagues here with me to tackle these questions. you have full bios, but briefly, the debbie abraham chair and senior fellow in government studies. a senior fellow in governmental affairs, a senior fellow and deputy director

industry that's not unionized now? where do you think you could make inroads? >> we're making fantastic enroads for instance in the newspaper industry right now. we -- i believe that as 5g catches on, as the internet catches on more than it is, there will probably be jobs that we should be organizing into the future that i couldn't even describe right now. probably even as good as you are you couldn't describe them. >> is it beneficial in your view that the newspapers in a sense are going digital and that the actual paper copies are falling out of favor? >> c.w.a. has always been a union that never, ever stood in the wayway of technology. we figured out a long time ago if you stand in the way of technology, you're going to get run over. we do not stand in the way of technology and we think that digitalization of newspapers is a wonderful thing. we've been very successful organizing. >> have you seen any trendlines that concern you with the f.t.c., the federal trade commission, becoming part of the regulation of media a

state of the union, k?"> tonight at 6 ... just moments away from president trump's 2019 state of the union address. the timing is historic ... as it comes just 11- days after a government shutdown... and 10 days before another potential shutdown. the president publicly speculating .... he may declare a national emergency to get $5- billion in funding for his border wall. thank you for joining us tonight.... im pam moore and i'm ken wayne... stick with us tonight... we will carry the state of the union in its entirety right here as well as online. and we'll have political analysis of the speech throughout the evening. this what it looks like.. live inside the capitol rotunda right now... democratic women wore all black last year for the #metoo movement.... this year they are wearing all white... to honor the women's sufferage ratifcation of the 19th amendment almost 100

but every year, a state of the union is a dramatic effect. other than the inauguration it's the only time that all of the branches of the government come together. you've got the supreme court sitting there, the military sitting there, the cabinet sitting there, the senate, the house, the diplomats, spouses and their guests in the gallery. every seat in the press gallery is taken. so, it's a very high drama situation no matter what. >> do the presidents who have delivered the state of the union under unusual circumstances address what is happening outside of that night? don: it depends. i do not think president clinton made any reference to his impeachment. other presidents will talk about the circumstances of the time and they will use it for dramatic effect. and especially because technically they are the state of the union, is it good or is it bad? if times are hard, presidents will use that to say, we've got to do something, and they will throw down the gauntlet to congress to at least address their issues. maybe not to do it the way they

blamed his state of the union message. in most cases most state of the union messages are really long laundry lists of things the president wants to see done. there are wish lists the president is putting forward. when anything is done in congress, the galleries are open. as there are galleries and galaxies -- and galleries in the senate, the public can come in. of course there aren't that many seats. there's great demand, each member usually gets a single ticket for a spouse or a member of their staff for their favorite constituent or somebody -- thegallery, the breat press gallery. of space ona lot those occasions. newspapers covered in general and you would have read the entire speech for those newspapers. beginning in 1923, calvin coolidge sent a message broadcast on the radio. roosevelt suggested moving the state of the moon -- state of the union from the middle of the day, which was traditionally given to the evening. in the 1940's it was during the day the television came along. in 1965 lyndon johnson said let's mov

host: bring us up to the state of the union. caller: the state of the union is going to be written by billionaires and jews from new york, connecticut, and california. >> i think there is tremendous frustration in parts of our country that president trump keyed in on during the campaign, these forgotten people that this caller is speaking to. i think that has changed our politics, and rightfully so. there were a lot of people who felt left behind by the economy and politics. that's what's making the dynamic o interesting in washington, is how do you respond to that. host: you mentioned the president using their guests to highlight these issues, we want to get your thoughts on some of the guests president trump will be bringing to tonight's event in the house chamber. t has been released by the white house, three generations of the family of gerald and sharon david in reno, nevada, who were killed in their home in january. the suspect in that home was an immigrant living in the u.s. illegally. timothy manson is being ecognized fo

summit so how serious is the african union about looking after refugees. i don't think the african union is a serious as it can be about looking after refugees we have had refugee protocol since the sixty's and yet over the years rather than improve refugee protection refugee protection seems to have gotten worse there was a time where there was a pride in hosting. africa's refugees there was a prize there was a pride in hosting people who had to flee from their countries it was considered as a core aspect of an african ism but lately refugees are trapped stranded in camps for tens of years you know how decades and this is just unacceptable there is no move by. african countries to integrate refugees and to ensure that they are able to live lives of dignity less ninety what do you think about that has protection for refugees actually decreased in the previous decades and is this summit with the same of refugees and internally displaced people a good start. to address that i think what my colleague nairobi has pointed out is definitely an acute sense of the

state of the union always delivering high drama. i'll ask my next panel what they're looking for tonight and if they think we'll see any moments like this when president obama gave a speech to congress on health care. >> the reforms, the reforms i'm proposing would not apply to those here illegally. hey! alright, let's get going! and you want to make sure to aim it. i'm aiming it. ohhhhhhh! i ordered it for everyone. [laughing] (dad vo) we got the biggest subaru to help bring our family together. i'm just resting my eyes. (dad vo) even though we're generations apart. what a day. i just love those kids. (avo) presenting the all-new three-row subaru ascent. wave to grandma, everybody. (avo) love is now bigger than ever. we're finally going on the trip i've been promising. because with expedia, i saved when i added a hotel to our flight. ♪ so even when she outgrows her costume, we'll never outgrow the memory of our adventure together. unlock savings when you add select hotels to your existing trip. only when you book with expedia. reac

does the state of the union matter. does it play a useful role in the relationship between congress and the president? what is the state of the union? >> thank you all for coming. molly knows more about congress and the people who wrote article i. it is great to have her here. i want to quote my colleagues who said "the union has a state even if there is no speech." which i felt was a wonderful idea, which is why we are here. i want to answer the first part briefly, answer the second part and then go back to the first part. state of the union speech i think is still useful, but it is less useful than it used to be because of polarization and your a, on yourpends attitude towards presidential power and b, on your attitude towards the president who happens to be in power at a given moment. the state of the union is fair and balanced. i don't mean that in quite the sense that our friends at fox news mean it. important fact about today versus a year ago is that the democrats took over the house of representatives. i think w

and it's probably just about not at all unionized. i don't know any union in silicon valley. peter: you recently talked about the breakup of facebook. is that correct? -- is thatd facebook a correct statement? christopher: it was probably my public relations people that did it because i don't even know that we did it. peter: can you see a reason why that would benefit the communication workers of america? christopher: i think that facebook a, is too big. they have too much power. there is a problem, as we've seen, with people using facebook to their own devices, which hurts the national security of the united states. you saw an election where facebook was very, very heavily involved. and i think at the very least, they have to be much more regulated than they are now. howard: you talked about the companies that had the best record on the unions. you said frontier. how there's not much of a dw a presence in -- cwa presence in silicon valley. google is not unionized at this point. are you concerned, as we're moving to a wireless world, a place like google and facebook are alrea

i will accept that none of us knows what the risks are if we leave the european union . muffles the most momentous decision that the british are being required to take in forty years. and you know what the risks are so not sort of fly with me and we'll see what happens yes but that's it isn't it is the whole point is that if we don't think the country is worth more than then the whole point is if we put the x in the box in the right box on the ballot paper we then have two years of hopefully a responsible government hopefully a responsible chain that will negotiate a at exit package which is hundred thirty hundred words it's like surely isn't it made me you know with luck yes as is this is a huge gamble you want the british people and it's a huge it's a huge gamble for both sides a nervous time for you coming up to the referendum so nervous that you've even started talk about what it would be like to lose haven't you. well what i was actually trying to do was say that the leave campaign has made no attempt at all to describe what a post that u.k. would look like so the q

it is a success story for the european union.i don't think they are the same thing you are saying. also, i invite you to have a chat with many people of my age, i am 21, to have a chat with many people of my age, iam 21, i know to have a chat with many people of my age, i am 21, i know exactly how it feels not to find a job. and having to go somewhere else because thatis having to go somewhere else because that is what our generation is doing because simply, the economy is not working very well and there are hundreds of people going to northern europe. i would like to get more response from the floor. there is a lady there. i would agree that, yes, we do need radically different policies, bubbly starting with corporation taxes, minimum wage. itjust with corporation taxes, minimum wage. it just seems with corporation taxes, minimum wage. itjust seems a lot of the effort is very much pro—business and is targeted towards companies, but those profits are not necessarily trickling down. exactly. how will it all end? the yellow — — how

this is his second state of the union. third time in the well of the house of representatives. ,3 youatch c-span know the cameras are controlled by the house of representatives. the senate is controlled by the senate. it will look and feel different tonight because it is a network will situation. cnn is the pool. we share resources. you get a different perspective as a president delivers his remarks. we will give you a sense of what's happening here on capitol hill. security extremely tight. on our website, there are a couple of times he could watch it. you can watch the isolated cameras and identify which shots you want to look at. this video on demand of the speech. video on demand of's previous state of the union addresses dating back to the early 1980's. all of it is available at c-span.org. we welcome my listeners on c-span radio as well. before the address, members of congress need to have dinner. , more withradition our historian don ritchie. don: the secretary of the senate will host a dinner. if tradition holds, t

a parliament which has close the democratic deficit in the european union is strong european union is which can apply. a role in the world and does play a role in this world because in the time of see and to put in and trump only together we have a chance and please we should not because of populism because of discussion and member countries whether democracy is the rule of roles will play such a role in a future as we believe it should this all makes me nervous and hopefully in the european parliament elections but also in the city in the capitals of our continent the people are so strong in the interest of europe which can be only sovereign if you are together every nation unknown is too weak to get solar energy for its own people together we can get bags of energy for our people but only to get as europeans ever brought thank you so much for joining us on the alex salmond show thank you our legs all the best for you i'll see you soon bye bye to you. join us after the break to get a leading columnist piece on what breaks it might mean for scotland with even. you know we're number on

trade unions are clear that any solution must involve a customs union and a single deal with the market to avoid the damage of no deal. the prime minister may have possibly temporarily united her party but is she willing -- >> order! mister ellis. you were at one time a barrister of one rank or another. there is no way you would shot from a sedentary position in that way. i don't know if that is why you start practicing law and came to parliament. behave yourself, you can do better when you try. jeremy corban. >> as i was saying before i was so rudely interrupted. the prime minister may have succeeded in temporarily uniting hurt very divided party. mister speaker, is she willing to make compromises necessary that are more important, that is to unite the country, to secure jobs and living standards across the uk. >> the right honorable gentlemen is a fine want to talk about coming together when we last night he agreed to meet me and time and time again, the backstop is not the only issue with the withdrawal agreement. the house voted by majority, to need needed to be addressed is the bac

see us leaving the european union.uld the house vote for a short limited extension, i would wa nt to short limited extension, i would want to see that being as short as possible. the prime minister was worried about setting a precedent by honourable members for dorset and pontefract. there is an easy solution. the prime minister could bring forward the bill in government time. the prime minister is leaving herself yet again wiggle room. that is on the issue of no deal. we have already voted against no deal in this house. she says she will not let us have a vote or no deal. can she confirm yet again there will be no legal impediment to no deal at the end of this process, so what is this extension for? what we have seen, of course, is that, yes, the house voted in the way the honourable gentleman indicated but we are now working with the european union. we will bring changes agreed with the european union back to this house for a further meaningful vote and members of this house will then have the opportunity to determin

my answer on what is the state of the union is, the state of the union is fair and balanced. i don't mean that in quite the same sense, i think the single most important fact about today versus a year ago is that the democrats took over the house of representatives and we've already seen, in the first weeks of the year, in the shutdown, how important that is . and as we go forward it's important to realize not only is nancy pelosi the speaker but that because senate rules that will require 60 votes for almost everything, not judges. but chuck schumer in alliance with nancy pelosi can multiply, a force multiplier and when schumer and pelosi stick together, they can have quite a lot of influence but we could take more about that because the shutdown fight leaves democrats united and republicans in much less united and it's there how democrats are gonna proceed then how republicans are and we talk more about that as we go on. i've always loved these things, it shows you what a weird kid i was. i like them one i was a teenager. the reason i like them is because they require a pre

prime minister theresa may rejects plans to keep britain in a customs union with the e.u. also coming up around celebrates the fortieth anniversary of the islamic revolution as u.s. sanctions continue to hamper the country's economy businesses pin their hopes on a special mechanism to keep trade with europe. i'm just going to have you with us. british prime minister theresa may has rejected the idea of creating a new customs union with the european union for a cold water on hold from some that she could shift her bricks of policy to win over the opposition labor party the idea of a customs union which would keep trade easements in place even after britain's withdrawal from the e.u. earlier also been proposed by a group of leading german economists. the border in question the republic of ireland on one side and northern ireland which belongs to the united kingdom on the other neither the e.u. nor the u.k. wants a hard border here. one proposed solution was the so-called backstop it would have allowed northern ireland to stay in the customs union if no breaks the deal was re

it is the theme of this year's african union summit so how serious is the african union about looking after refugees i don't think the african union is a serious as it could be about looking after refugees we have had refugee political since the sixty's and yet over the years rather than improve refugee protection. to protection seems to have gotten worse there was a time where there was a pride in hosting. africa's refugees there was a prize there was a pride in hosting people who had to flee from their countries it was considered as a call after x. or an african ism but lately refugees are kept stranded in camps for tens of years you know how decayed and this is just unacceptable there is no move by. african countries to integrate refugees and to ensure that they are able to live lives of dignity less ninety what do you think about that has protection for refugees actually decreased in the previous decades and is this summit with the same of refugees and internally displaced people a good start. to address that i think what my colleague nairobi has pointed out is definitely an acute

welcom your state of the union day. my first question this way. the president is going to make this call for working together and how obligated do you feel to at least give him the benefit o? >> it's never too late, if the presid a new leaf for the future of our country and abandons his effort to divide americans and wants to have a bipartisan plan on immigr i'm ready and willin to listen. he spent as much time as he did and assuming he does that, do you come out tomorrow semi enthus at take him at his word or do you assume or look at it skeptically and think i want to see a little bit more before. >> want to see more because we have heard him talk about loweri drug prices before. he never put forward a serious plan t do so. i would invite him to look at my bill for lowering drug prices than the median price. major countries. >> let's tackle what he said about the issue of border securi and call for a wall and you have since the government reopen you said look, if there a case for new barrier, you are open to that. how should the president take th

we are hours from donald trump's second state of the union address.dent is expected to cast a message of unity during tonight's speech calling for a end of the politics of resistance, fairfax existing r northrom supporters could be behind allegation, fairfax would be next in line to take over if governor northrom is forced to resign over this controversial photo from his medical school yearbook. the us envoy for north korea heading to pyongyang to prepare for donald trump's second summit with kim jong un, laying groundwork for denuclearization talks. the second summit between the us and north korea taking place later this month in asia. the senate breaks with donald trump voting the state of the union address. >> your keeping troops in iraq because you want to strike? >> i want to watch iran. >> when and where will you meet kim jong un? >> he is looking forward to it, i am looking forward to it, we made tremendous progress, we are doing well with making a deal with china. no two leaders in this country and china have ever been closer than i am with pr

the european union.ests in is hungary's foreign minister, peter szijjarto. can ‘0rbanism' win europe's battle of ideas? peter szijjarto, welcome to hardtalk. thank you very much for the invitation again. what's fascinating about being in budapest right now is that, in the last couple of days, hundreds of huge posters have gone up around this city, depicting george soros, the american financier, next to jean—claude juncker, the president of the eu commission. and the message is that the european union — presumably in association with soros — is threatening the security of hungary. why does your country feel the need to indulge in this black propaganda? well, first of all, this is an election campaign so you shouldn't be surprised of posters appearing in public areas... but this has nothing to do with elections because it's funded by the hungarian government, and it doesn't have any party label on it, it's simply a message from the government to your people. we think that it is absolutely the obligation of

>> i think she is excited to come to the state of the union address. i had asked her to come to the capitol a couple of weeks ago. she participated in a forum that we organized to hear from some of these contract service workers who have been really badly hurt because of the shutdown. that's when i first met her. and so i wanted to reach out to her as part of the state of the union. >> how many federal workers and contractors do you represent? >> we have tens of thousands of federal workers and federal contract employees in the state of maryland. but i should stress that you've got workers like lila johnson throughout the country. 80% of the federal employees work outside sort of the larger washington medtrow area and that holds true for federal contract workers. these are people who work for small businesses in many cases or other businesses that contract with the federal government to provide support services. so these are often thankless tasks but important tasks to the basic functioning of government. >> why invite a federal worker or contractor to

imply those randi would be concerns for teachers unions. thoseile he may have problems with teachers unions, i think the rest of the field is really wide open. i don't know there is a favorite candidate of teachers unions right now, it is a huge field, so we will have to see what happens. lauren: i agree with michael, teachers unions are huge -- are a huge factor in democratic primaries. two nationalh teachers unions, the aft and the natural teachers association -- on the national teachers association. they have more than 5 million members, they can get out the vote, they will be a deciding factor in the 2020 election. and somebody like cory booker poses a problem for them because of his background on education, school choice, even private school choice. so it will be interesting to see. i think the thing here to watch is how the teachers unions evaluate a candidate who could beat a president trump versus a candidate whose education agenda aligns with their own. john: you mentioned a warchest, about $12 million that aft spent in 2018? you t

teachers unions are a huge factor in democratic primaries. the, with -- the two national teachers unions, they have more than 5 million members. they can get out the vote. they will be a deciding factor in the 2020 election. and somebody like cory booker poses a problem for them because of his background on education, school choice, even private school choice. so it will be interesting to see. i think the thing here to watch is how the teachers unions evaluate a candidate who could beat a president trump versus a candidate whose education agenda aligns with their own. >> you mentioned a warchest, about $12 million that aft spent in 2018. do you think they will match that or exceed that? >> i would say they will probably exceed that. >> i think that's right. as you heard randi say, following the supreme court decision in janus, unions are more political now than they were before. i think when you have a wide open democratic primary field, those coveted endorsements mean a lot from the teachers unions, so i think you will see them go pretty big

it is the state of the union. >> it is par for the course with her.he state of the union tonight because nothing democrats do will surprise me. if they bull, turn their backs on him, this president is tough and he has seen this before. you will see a contrast and see what is democrats stand for, you will see a scowling nancy pelosi and the background. rob: i can't wait to see -- let's show you the guests from the democrats, we have an activist who protested against the brett cavanagh nomination, the one that went in and got jeff flake in the elevator. a guatemalan woman living in the us illegally. let's call it the republican side of this. towards the bottom, number 3, the sector chief of the rio grande valley border patrol. nancy pelosi and chuck schumer criticize the president constantly for not listening to experts, these experts, dhs border patrol say they hate barriers and walls, what do you think of that? >> they haven't been to the border. when we went it was interesting they haven't seen any congressman there in the years many of them had been

it continued to lambaste the union side. in year later in 1918 6 -- 1863, it was destroyed by an angry mob of visalia. they went to the newspaper, threw the equipment in the streets, and that was the end of equal rights expositors. hadr to that, the town received such bad press and folkcity that loyal union decided to tell the u.s. government "you have to do something about this town. our town is going over to the other side. you better deal with it before it gets even more out of hand." 1862, a couple dozen union troopers from camp independence crossed the sierra and marched into visalia. the union folks supporters celebrated. the southern sympathetic folks were angry at that move. eventually, the soldiers created bavot, one of the few civil war posts created in california. it was set up right here in visalia. severaloint, there were hundred troopers stationed here. it was marshall law. they were right on the edge of town. when they were off duty, they would come into town in their uniforms, which would antagonize the south

this state of the union address a grand stage for the u.s. president to speak directly to a national audience about what he has accomplished and what still needs to be done but what is the state of the union after two years of trump's president see my state of the union i think a pretty good shape you know i look forward to hearing what the president has to say. going to save the union in the conmen everything and hopefully to. focus a little bit more and bipartisanship working together and i think it's in. bad shape at the top. in the white house and we have an incompetent. possibly insane person if they had to through executive order to say most stuff. you know money for the border. you know. and all the other stuff he wants can't afford. choosing greatness that's the official white health theme for donald trump's address to congress you as president plans to strike a conciliatory tone and deliver a cold for unity and he speech but in many ways it might be too late the country and congress are divided along party lines and the democrats are

doesn't want to see in power anymore seven members of the european union gave in its way the president nicolas maduro and ultimatum call new elections or the man who wants to replace him is the man that europe will recognize is venezuela's president where yesterday was that deadline and still not a word about new elections so today europe began saying hello to venezuelan president one why do i support for why go is growing along with the pressure for to step down over the weekend maduro made it clear he has no intention of going anywhere but what's the probability that the situation in venezuela could end in a civil war not be a bully it always no one can answer that question with system. it all depends on the level of malice and aggressiveness you're going to see from the empire of the north and their western allies as well i mean is there one thousands and thousands of innocent venezuelans could end up paying for this with their lives so we only have to defend ourselves if we are attacked you know something that i mean there's an intermediate solution which is the european union has

if he wants the benefits of a customs union, those are there within the political declaration in the by this government. but what we also have in that political declaration is the right for us as an independent country to strike our own trade deals again and not to be relying on the trade deals struck by those in brussels. then he talks about the issue of the time that is running down to the 29th march. my sole focus throughout this has been on getting a deal that enables us to leave the eu on 29th march with a deal. it is the honourable gentleman who has kept no deal on the table by refusing to agree to a deal. and now. . . refusing to agree to a deal. and now... and he talks... he talks about uncertainty on jobs. he could have voted to end uncertainty on jobs by backing the deal the government brought back from the eu. and finally he says, he says that he and the labour party accept the result of the referendum. yet we also know they back a second referendum. and by backing a second referendum, he is breaking his promise to respect the result of the 2016 referendum. he will be igno

state of the union speech i have heard since jfk's state of the union.t is apparent to me at this point there is nothing this president can do that can change the minds of the democrats. this country is split. he has offered an olive branch. unfortunately, this has become a .olitical -- battle of power that is the way it is. this was a magnificent speech. if anybody wants to see where we are headed, you should read "in dubious battle," which was president obama favorite book of all time. host: what do you make of some of the criticism saying the president's rhetoric last night doesn't match the president's rhetoric on a day to day basis? state: i think this was a of the union where the president tried to unify the country, basically pending a message saying i want to work with you, let's forget what happened in the past and sit down and negotiate. democrats are not buying it. i will give you one ridiculous example because i like to listen to all the channels. all rachel maddow could talk about was the syntax and grammar of the speech. so happens, i was a

theer two, the unions -- unions in d.c. and baltimore took their money. weak union out here, and they are going out of business now. number three, there has never been more opportunity in this country. there is so much opportunity, it is unbelievable. i am a high school dropout. i have done very well for myself. i have been in and out of business my whole life, getting my but kicked more than anything else. i have lost far more money than i have paid. just in baltimore alone, at the many, there are so longshoremen. it is unbelievable. and there are so many kids walking around with squeegees on the corners, but there is so much work around here it is unbelievable. host: you said most of your workers are from mexico. you said most of your workers are from mexico. these are legal immigrants that you hired for your company? caller: eventually they became legal. many of them started out illegally and we put them in touch with lawyers. host: how do you feel about e-verify? it is a topic that has come up. it is like anything else. it is a great thing if everybod

of theecially, the state union, is it good or is it bad? if times are hard, presidents will use that to say, we've got got to dot, we've something, and they will throw down the gauntlet to congress to at least address their issues. maybe not to do it the way they want, but at least to come up with some solution to the situations. >> do low approval ratings impact how and when and if a president will give the state of the union address? truman was at 22% when he delivered his last state of the union address. --if presidential presidential approval ratings go up and down. there is a boring factor that works its way in. if you look at the statistics of listens, it's always higher at the beginning of a presidency, and especially if the president serves eight years, the audience goes down and down with each one. it still gets millions of people listening on television, radio, or watching it stream live. people around the world and in other countries, of course, are going to be very interested in knowing what this president is going to say becaus