federals totally misread the fact that johnston has roughly 44,000 men positioned to attack the union forces at pittsburg landing. if the federal picket front had been pushed in slowly over the course of the last two days to where it was closer in proximity to the union front than where it began, the confederate buildup and the union forces were still lulled into a sense of safety, everything was all secure. at lease the high command. there were men in the ranks, there were officers in the ranks who were of different opinion. one of them was a brigade commander under benjamin prentice, colonel everett peabody. he violates orders and orders out a combat reconnaissance because he's fearful that there's something in front of them based on the way he's reading intelligence, and his brigade is not going to be caught unawares, and he sends out a combat reconnaissance. did peabody believe that the

the fels totally misread the fact that johnston has roughly 44,000 men positioned to attack the union forces at pittsburg landing. if the federal picket front had been pushed in slowly over the course of the last two days to where it was closer in proximity to the union front than where it began, the confederate buildup and the union forces were still lulled into a sense of safety. everything was all secure. at lease the high command. there were men in the ranks, there were officers in the ranks who were of different opinion. one of them was

for their opponent, for the con federal forces that the union forces understood were gathering before them to defend the railroads, as many as eight out of ten of those con federal soldiers, including their officers, had never been in com combat before. so what was shaping up here was an eventual clash at some point between pittsburg landing and corinth which was going to involve basically green armies. men who had never experienced a shot fired in anger. so a lot of people drive through shiloh today. we lay roads out where the ground is easier to negotiate. so i think that misleads visitors today when they drive on to the battlefield, they don't get the sense of the topographical relief and the nature of the environment for which the battle is going to be fought on if they don't get out of their cars and step into the woods and start exploring what that forest hides, what it enshrines, because the woods of shiloh are a shrine of american history. we step into the forest, you get a little more perspective on what was the common view for a soldier participating in the battle. in the co

those supplies were still burning on the 11th of march when the union forces just basically marched into centerville and manassas, unopposed, bacon, rations of all sorts, uniforms and perhaps most critical bales of newly constructed leather brogans. if you think of a confederate cause for concern for lee's army and every other army luthrougho the war, what particular piece of equipment might it be? shoes. in any case that was the problem that joe johnston had with his commander in chief. mcclellan got in there and reported that they had seized manassas. crossing in the mail with two messages. i've got manassas. here comes another from the president. very good. by the way, i want you to reorganize your army. i want you to break it into four parts. i want you to create four army corps. oh, unless you have any concern, i want them named first, second, third, and fourth corps and these are the generals i want commanding them. they were not the men that mcclellan would have picked himself. the ones that were designated by the president were typically older, who spent most of their lives in th

so this confederate force has a mission and that mission is to turn the union left flank. only the confederate high command knows that mission. the troops in the ranks don't understand that they're doing anything except locate enemy forces and fight them and defeat them. that's about the bulk of what the confederate soldier knows about what their mission is here. the roads that the public traverse today on the battlefield, 95% or so are the same routes of movement, the same road lines that were here at the time of the battles. they straightened them out a little, took the kinks out, but you know, that's kind of a preservation plus for the visitor. because they don't have to understand well what was the historic road network because we just tell them it's the same. it hasn't changed. and then the markering system will clue them in to where missing components are. there were two cabins sitting here and this would be the point where johnston established his first field quarters once he enters this portion of the battlefield on the morning of april the 6th. so he would have bee

general john pope, who led the union forces of manassas, was simply out-generaled and outfought by lee's troops under the immediate leadership of stonewall jackson. flushed with repeated successes and confident of their own destiny, lee's forces boldly took the offensive. word was flashed to washington that the army of virginia was invading the north. speculation and rumor began to whisper that the end of the war was in sight. as the threat to washington grew, lincoln sent word to nearby alexandria an urgent call to the ex general in chief to the union army. general george mcclellan had been in disgrace after his peninsular campaign. now, lincoln summoned his back. his orders, stop lee at all costs. those costs were to be high. on september 17th, 1862, union and confederate forces would meet at antietam, gaithersburg, maryland. more than 100,000 men would be involved in the bloody battle of antietam. and one woman, clara barton, would carve for herself a unique place in the annals of service to mankind. the day the battle began, however, she was just a dedicated woman driving a wagon loa

each had been a costly failure for the union forces. in the north, they started to wonder if the south could be defeated and the union preserved. in the most tragic and bitterly fighting our nation has known, americans fought against american and it is casualty list for both sides skyrocket as on american hills and in american valleys, they flung their hot metal among the men on horses on both sides. perhaps especially so to clara barton. she decided to do something about it. the already spare face of the man in the white house seem grow more under a constant early demand for an early end to the war. general robert e. lee did not help the situation as south of the potomac he added legend by routing a vastly superior union force at menassis junction. general john pope who commanded the union forces of menassis was outgeneral and outfought by lee's troops undered the leadership of stonewall jackson. flushed with repeated successes and confidence, they took the offensive. word was flashed to washington that the army of virginia was innovat

union forces will attack and seem to gain an upper hand and beauregard will grab onto nearby disorganized forces coming off the fight, reorganize them, and able to throw counter punches pack which will stem the tide of the federal onslaught and the con fed rats will seize back the initiative only to have a fresh union force arrive from pittsburgh landing that mccook can throw in and now contending with fresh forces and the thing see ysawed for two hours and beauregard indicating the troops needed to be guided forward in person and not told to move forward, shows the state of the army. it is beginning to dissolve. question confronting beauregard and the confederates, able to avoid catastrophe and things completely reversed and the euphoria and the seizing of the unionen camp meant on the first day and wired richmond the evening before that it had had been won and saddened by the loss of albert sydney johnson and achieved the great victory which is going to be reported across the south in newspapers for the next few days had really turned around and beauregard faced the catastrophe because

union forces wanted that valley back for all kinds of reasons, economics being a primary point. because the river was an outlet to world markets for the old northwest for what we refer to today as the midwest and it was a hot political topic of the war that their commerce was strapped by not being able to reach those markets close to them. so that river in essence was of economic value, it was also of military value. but more importantly, as we have already heard this morning, it was the pulse beat of a nation growing westward. and thus there was an even spiritual context to the river and its meaning to the american people. and you don't think those boys from iowa and minnesota and illinois were not on a holy crusade to get this river back? just read their letters and diaries. how dare they? how dare they seize that valley? confederacy has to hold it, the federals want it. very important. very important focus. when you're at shiloh, remember the river. remember the need to hold the river, to defend the river. the need to possess the river. next map. this is actually a direct cop

army and the commander of the department of ohio that mcclellan would lead union forces across the ohio river into there around clarksburg, virginia. today if you look for it on the map you'll have to look over in west virginia. clarksburg, virginia, on the 27th of june, 1861, so the summer of '61 sees him moving into action assisted by his old antebellum army friend william rosecrans. the federal forces would bump into forces from john peagrum and they would defeat the confederates in july of 1861. although it was rosecrans that did the heavy lifting in this campaign it was mcclellan's name that had access to all the reporters. it was mcclellan's name that got into all the newspapers, and immediately after the union defeat at manassas junction, first bull run as they called it in the northern papers or bull run, the battle at bull run, he got an order from washington to report immediately to washington. he was needed there right away. so, he boarded a train that took him up through ohio, over to pennsylvania. made a quick stop to visit with his wife, ellen marcie mcclellan, maryellen,

union forces will attack and deem to gain an upper hand, and beauregard will grab nearby forces coming off the fight, reorganize them and are able to throw counterpunches back which will stem the tide of the federal ioo onslaught and the confederates will seize back some of the initiative only to have federal forces arrive from pittsburg landing and now they're contending with new forces, and beauregard illustrating that the troops needed to be guided forward in person and basically not told to move forward shows the state of the army. it's beginning to dissolve. the question confronting beauregard, will they be able to avoid catastrophe. the thing is completely reversed. a seeming victory, that victory he had wired richmond the evening before that had been won, you know, saddenned by the loss of albert sydney johnson, but they had received a great victory, which was going to be reported across south in newspapers for the next few days had really turned around. and beauregard faced catastrophe, because if he continues to try to struggle to maintain his position, he suffered the possibi

remember the union is building up forces. by the time late 1864, there are more than 30 ships off of charleston and blockade runners are still getting in and out. so dupont was loathe to take a half dozen ships from the blockade and send them off for other operations. so i don't know that he could have done it any sooner than he did. yes. >> the question concerns the profits from the confederate blockade runners. were they typically invested in the south and at the end of the war, did some build fortunes overseas and the real question here, did any of this contribute to the post war reconstruction of the south? >> that's a complicated question. the short version of -- certainly during the period when entrepreneurs were making decisions about blockade running and what to bring and what to do, it was entirely their money. they did with it what they liked. apparently according to descriptions in the "richmond enquirer" they suited themselves up nicely and pranced around downtown richmond. but there was no fund, early on, that th

on september 17th, 1862, union and confederate forces would meet at antedum creek. more than 100,000 men would be involved in a bloody battle. and one woman, clara barton, would carve for herself a unique place in the annals of service to mankind. the day the battle began however, she was just a dedicated woman driving a wagon full of provisions across the maryland country side. years later, she would recall that day and retell it in our own words. >> with my attendant, i sought the hill tops and as the mist cleared away and the morning sun broke over the maryland heights, its rays fell upon the forms of dying men. many of you may never hear bugle notes which call men to battle, but if like us, you have heard them that grim september morning as they rang through the valley, they would have lingered in your ears as they do in mine. ♪ thinking our place might be there, we had been following the army since dawn. for the last eight miles we could trace its course by the broken bodies of the wounded along the roadside. ♪ turning into the cornfield near a house and barn w

is that it carries the pittsburgh landing battle honor that was the official name recorded by union forces for the battle of shiloh. united states forces had a tendency to name their battles after geographic land points, in this case the landing being the primary feature here. officially the battle went in as battle of pittsburgh landing. newspaper accounts would talk about the battle of pittsburgh landing. it was referred to as the battle of shiloh and the shiloh name biblical in its connotation meaning place of peace or house of peace took dominance and predominance over the identity of the conflict through time and so it's interesting to see pittsburgh landing on these flags. this was in the possession of lucius d. woodward in the 21st missouri infantry, a unit that participated in the battle with apprentices division and fought at the hornet's nest. the flags have undergone a great deal of restoration and conservation for exhibit. you can see here the difference between the historic fabric which is the dark fabric backed by the lighter fabric to fill out what's missing on the flag. the

flag, it carries the pittsburgh landing battle honor which was the official name recorded by the union forces for the battle of shiloh. united states forces had a tendency to name after landing points. official the battle went in as battle of pittsburgh landing and newspaper accounts would talk about the battle of pittsburgh landing and confederacy referred to it as the battle of shiloh, biblical in its conentation meaning house of peace took dominance and predominance over the identity of the conflict through time and, so, it's interesting to see it on these flags. this was in the position of the 21st missouri infantry and fought at the hornet's nest. flags have underwent a great deal of restoration and conse e conservation for exhibit and the historic fabric, which is the dark fabric, backed by the lighter fabric to fill out what's missing on the flag. same is true for the white stripes. as well where you can see that the flag was in tatters. these fabrics, of course, ravages of time, storage, light, moisture, you name it. it's amazing that things like this do survive, even if they're store

one of the few places in the first weeks of the war where union forces had notable success was in st. louis, missouri, where actually these predominantly german wide-awakes had been drilling since early that year and where they staged basically a successful coop against the pro-succession state to begin with what if. the most famous, jack got this, what if robert e. lee had had automatic weapons? would that have made a difference at picket's church? in a way, in analyzing what lincoln might have done, we're dealing with a what if question. and let's speculate what lincoln does instead of acting as -- without calling congress, his first decision is to call congress into special session and turn this issue over to congress. you know, given our wide, high opinion of congress and its ability to find solution and compromise, you can only imagine what might have come out of that. i think, i'm going to say just right, i think more than too cold, in the respect that it was wise of him for all his dealing with the postmaster of bloomington, illinois, to avoid direct -- calling congress into se

union victory. now the army of the southwest was -- like all forces west of the mississippi, relatively small. it consisted of about 12,000 troops, but its most distinguishing feature was not its size, but its composition. almost exactly half of the union soldiers were midwesterners of british stock. many of them dating back to the puritans of the 17th century new england. but the other half was recently arrived, german, hungarian, czech and polish immigrants. simply giving orders in the army of the southwest often involved a complicated procedure. on one occasion, four translators were involved getting polish troops to move to a given position. nevertheless, curtis triumphed over this kind of adversity as well. curtis began his campaign in february, 1862. for two weeks, the union army struggled across missouri, slowly approaching springfield. and as hallek had hoped sterling price was completely unprepared for the appearance of a union army in southwest missouri at that time of the year. price, of course, was a politician. not a soldier. he had no formal military training. and he had seen only

this flag is that it carries the pittsburgh landig battle honor, the official name recorded by union forces for the battle of shiloh. this case the landing being the primary feature here. officially went in as the battle of pittsburgh landing. confederacy referred to it as the battle of shiloh. meaning place of peace or house of peace. took dominance over the identity of the conflict through time. and so it's interesting to see the pittsburgh landing on these flags. a unit that participated in the battle with the apprentice division and fought at the hornet's nest. you can see the dark fabric with the lighter fabric to same is true for the white stripes as well. you can see the flag was in tatters. story, light, moisture, you name it. it's amazing to think they do survive. usually they go through some major deterioration over time if they don't have proper treatment and care. there's no standardization to them. many were sewn by ladies in the communities in which the organizes were raised and thus the flags would be presented the to them to the units as they marched off and so a little bit

come from chickamauga, of course, but it is actually on a part of the battle of chattanooga when union forces were attacking, one of the generals talks about how he could see the union line going up and over the small crest where the cemetery would eventually be. so the national cemetery first preservation movement, although it was not intended specifically for preservation, it was more memorial features than preservation, but it did, in part, preserve a portion of the battlefield. now, for 30 years after that, there is no major preservation effort at shiloh. there are a few other things going on in the nation that kind of precluded that. in fact, there's little or no preservation at all going on in terms of the civil war. basically, what you have is a long grueling time of reconstruction. we're trying to reconstruct what we tore apart in the 1860s and that will last until of course the compromise of 1877 and that presidential election. it's during that time, of course, hat we are still bickering over the larger issues that led us to war to begin with. sure, secession is dealt with and slaver

union shop or not. and should americans be forced to join the union as they are in some states. >> if you want to buy arican car by a bmw with michelin tires, ther made in south carolina it is it like the argument about communism and socialism f. it is a great system why does communist prohibit people leaving the count row. if unions are so great why do we need laws to force them to join. >> it comes down to choice, doesn't it. we should have a choice of whether we want it and should be allowed to join . 50 percent say yes. but shouldn't be forced to join. >> and i love the example with france, david. during the great depression of the '30s. europe had flexible rules for cutches to hire and fire x. they had more flexibility and they got out of the depression faster than the united states. because roose velt would not give american cutches such flexibilitiy. there is it a historical context. our current president doesn't believe in freedom. you are right. this country is based on freedom. >> bill baldwin doesn't it come down to the freedom of choice? >> what is with the freedom stuff here? you are sayin

a daylong fight there, resulted in the union being forced back to brownsville, and frederick steele -he federal commander at that point -- just kind of sat back and started probing around, figuring the best ways to attack little rock with the least amount of damage to his troops. now -- >> by that time they're getting pretty close to little rock, because -- >> right. they're about 30, 40 miles away at that point. the confederates are primarily fortifying the high ground on the north side of the arkansas river. sterling price who was in command at that point was hoping that the yankees would be as obliging about dashing themselves against impregnable fortifications as he had been at helena. but steele was a far more clever general than that. but between the battle at bayou mieto and the fall of little rock, the two principle confederate cavalry commanders, marsh walker and john marmaduke, marmaduke was angry at walker at helena. he didn't feel that walker had supported him in his attack on one of the batteries there. at brownsville the plan had been for marmaduke to lead the union troo

. >> european union should force the government to implement the process and bring together a government that is in the interests of the people. >> this man spent 15 years in jail. >> i don't agree with the sanctions, the partial lifting would be o.k. but only after the remaining prisoners have been released. only when the constitution has been allowed to have full democracy, only then should the sanctions be lifted. >> for now, there is rejoicing that there has been a genuine political breakthrough here. the country's opposition party and their leader now have a voice in parliament. these people hope that the momentum will keep going and to bring about real change. >> aung san suu kyi does have the support of the president, who she believes is a true reformer. both have taken big risks to get to the stage but the unknown factor remains the military and how far it is willing to go towards a democracy. not everywhere had a chance to celebrate the the results. and some areas, it did not happen at all, canceled on security grounds because of the war between government forces and rebels. wit

vehicle mileage issue to the implied agency in ability to implement policy procedure due to a union work force. i have consistently pledge the union's cooperation at many nppd national level meetings to include one meeting with director anderson in september of 2011. at all meetings i indicated the union's readiness for perceived roadblocks in support of the cfats program. on january 9th, 2012, after the negative news article, i met with director anderson in the presence of assistant secretary todd kyle and senior union leadership. i reiterate that successful accomplishment of the cfats mission is the union's first priority and we would expect an opportunity to get meaningful input there would be no union roadblock to implementation of critical homeland security policy and procedures. i reject the assertion the workforce is on qualified. most have extensive background in law enforcement, military, regulatory authority and academics. the chemical security work force is dedicated and all came on board with the progress of building a new agency dedicated closing a potential gap in the nation's ho

. >> reporter: american's three major labor unions cannot force a merger, but their support is an important first step in u.s. airways' bid to take over american. laura glading heads the union representing 17,000 american flight attendants. >> under the terms that american airlines wants to emerge from bankruptcy, we would have lost 2,300 jobs. and u.s. air has assured us there will be no job loss. >> reporter: none? >> no jobs. >> reporter: u.s. airways predicts it will be able to preserve about half of the 13,000 jobs american says will be lost in restructuring. but what may be good for americans' employees could be bad for passengers like bettina cook in dallas. >> it's always going to be when you have a merger the rates usually go up a little bit. >> reporter: rick seaney of internet travel site farecompare says she's right. >> we want thriving airlines but we also want cheap tickets so sometimes those things don't meet in the middle. >> reporter: fewer airlines means less competition at popular routes at a time when carriers are already reducing the number of planes they're flying. far

the union army especially, it's a war that uses railroads, incredible strategic movements of union forces. back and forth across -- and from my hometown of pennsylvania, company c, the 50th of pennsylvania, they managed to fight in klein ya, virginia, vicksburg, knoxville, get back in time for the overland campaign in virginia in 1864. and a lot of it is rail movements. and the photographers which also enable early, preemptive and often false reporting by journalists. i say, one of the things with mead, one of the reasons mead isn't better remembered now is, um, he was a patrician, an upper crust philadelphian. he had no time for journalists. and in 1864 at coal harbor a journalist files a patently false report about the army of the potomac and mead and his leadership. and mead has this journalist ridden out of camp, backwards, facing backwards on a mule. and the soldiers all mocking him, laughing at him. well, journalists are herd animals, and they rally around their own. and the journalists make a compact they will not mention mead in any reports back to their newspapers unless it's an

looking forward to getting the book and see how you deal with the -- the big challenge of the union occupying forces trying to establishes what woul pass for orderly activity in richmond. in did they get any help from the richmond sheriff during that?ma just strictly had to do it undes martial lawe operation?ome >> they hadn't declared martial law.they the probe boast set up.he they did get from the local supl authorities. one of the things they had to s do, helpt feed people, because the food supply was -- had beenh constricted before the war, ande it actually got worse pt. temporarily when the union army came in, because the supplies p were disrupted.fr they got into the business of helping feed civilians. so they did get help from -- pl from pro-confederate civilians i like the ymca, which helped feee people under the confederate e period, then worked with the union army to do the same thingl but there was martial law. they did have guards to, uniformed soldiers, to maintain order. yes, sir? >> the area that was burned, i know a lot of us along the main street, does it extend into the area of the

unions spend on candidates go to democrats. >> you would never know but in 1988, the supreme court said you can't force union do dous. you shouldn't get them for political purposes unless the union says take it out and has written permission. >> rick if i was a union member, i would be upset about this, no? >> you know, let's set aside steve's interception of financial core. we greatly appreciate this outpouring of affection for union members and your heartwarming concern. let me make a suggestion. maybe you can direct it towards mistake's public companies making contributions to political organizations and not telling their shareholders. how do we know that? just this week, some of our nation's largest companies publicly withdrew support from an organization supporting causes their shareholders didn't like, their customers didn't like. when they complained, these organizations pulled out. why didn't shareholders know? they have no obligation to tell them. >> hold on, a lot of complaints by shareholders get results. a lot of complaints by union members don't. the union bosses continue to put the money where they want

union should not be forced upon workers. wer to take money added members' paychecks to support politicians who are favored by the boss is. [applause] out of touch liberals like barack obama say they want a strong economy. in everything they do, and they showed they did not like business very much. the economy is simply the product of all the businesses added together. we have to build successful businesses of every kind imaginable. we have always been a country of dreamers. one team helps another. if the streamers are rewarded with prosperity, we use this as a a reason to dream big as well. this is a lot worse by the mistakes and failures of the president's leadership. if the bill before us a steeper, steppers. i then all of the country from student unions to kitchen tables, from bridegrooms to boardrooms. i've heard frustration and anger. rarely hopelessness. a lot of americans have given up on the president. they have not thought about giving up. not on themselves, not on a tether, and not on america. [applause] we have a d

you are not forced to go in there and bargain on behalf of the union. you're no not forced to work against the folks who don't join the union. you can quit. so that's the legal challenge you're going to face in this claim. >> well, that's one part of it but remember that we are now caught between state law and federal law. the state law says we can not charge for our particular services that we do but under federal labor law we are obligated to represent every person in the bargaining unit, members or nonmembers alike. if we don't represent people who choose not to be members and not to pay any dues, then we get what is called duty for fair representation complaint against us. so under federal law we are obligated once we become the certified bargaining agent for a particular unit that we have to represent them under federal law. now the state is saying that we can't charge for those services or recoup any of our fees and therefore we get a whole bunch of freeloaders in the system. so we are having our services commandeered and it is a forced representat

now, workers should have the right to join unions, but unions shouldn't be forced upon workers. unions should not have the power to take money out of their members' paychecks to buy the support of politicians favored by the union bosses. you know, out of touch liberals like barack obama say they want a strong economy, but in everything they do they show they don't like business very much. but the economy, of course, is simply the product of all the businesses in the nation added together. so it's a bit like saying you like an omelet but you don't like eggs. to build a strong economy that provides good jobs and rising wages and that reduces poverty, we have to build successful businesses of every kind imaginable, and president obama has been attacking successful businesses of every kind imaginable. we've always been a country of dreamers where dreamers can have dreams, where one dream helps launch another. if those dreamers are rewarded with prosperity, we view that as a reason for others we encourage to dream big as well. these last few years have been difficulty. made a lot wors

union. or be forced into exile behind confederate lines. as far as i know it is the first time. no union officials began the war, carrying, one way or another, who women were loyal to. but they soon learned that it mattered just as confederate officials did too. i love this picture because what the -- the officials in new orleans said is that a lot of elite southern women in new orleans went to the provost marshall's office convinced this must be a mistake. couldn't possibly be expecting them to take an oath off lej ans. they figured if they talked to the right guy, in just the right way, you know, there would be an exception made for them. he said they came becrinolined and beajewebejewelled, talking, they still had to sign the paper. it was a little bit of a rough awakening. but if the confederate government was forced to contend with women in their new capacity as traitors they face aid new arguably more daunting political challenge from the mass of white southern women in collective identity as soldiers' wives. the south was an agrarian society, whole regions of it populated

spring of 1995 when owners used replacement players throughout spring training to try to break the union and force acceptance of a salary cap. not a single union member, not a single 40 man roster player crossed the line. that was then. the membership of our union turns over very quickly. only a handful of players active in 2011 were professionals during the 1994 and 1995 strike. we understand each generation of players must justify their respect that their predecessors earned. we must remind owners of the player pos a collective power every time we come to the bargaining table. that is why this union has insisted on direct participation in the bargaining process. players formulate strategies, that might come as no surprise. players attend bargaining sessions. we will not schedule sessions unless players can be there. players actively participate in those sessions. at any given meeting, negotiators are as likely to hear from c.j. will send as they are to hear from me. player participation and our bargaining in 2011 was extraordinary. even for our unit was unprecedented. as for player leadership we