whether the decision will allow japan to engage in collective self-defense as stipulated in the united nation's charter. >> translator: the scope to the right of collective self-defense will not be the same as that of the u.n. charter because there is a limit to what japan could do. >> abe also suggested the constitution would need to be amended if japan wanted to allow for the use of force in circumstances not covered by the new interpretation. the article stipulates japanese people forever renounce war as the right of the nation and bars japan from utilizing threat and use of force as a means of settling international dispute. >>> abe's plans for japan hit a stumbling block. a former lawmaker won a race for governorship in western japan beating a candidate. analysts say the results suggest that the abe administration has failed to win broad support for interpretation of the constitution and nuclear energy policy. the former democrat won by a narrow margin on sunday in his election campaign the independent candidate called for nuclear power to be phased out. leaders in tokyo want to keep the nuclear o

it be, thatar can israel asked not only from a moral perspective but under the charter of the united nations? america would do no less, and the congress of the united states will continue to stand by its ally, israel, as it takes in mycessary steps, and 13 trips to israel, and i have brought over 150 members of the congress of the united states to israel, i have seen firsthand the challenges israel faces. history has afforded the state the jewisho protect people and enable them to seek a peaceful life in the homeland which they returned following centuries of bitter exile. ideology, no force of arms or threat of terror can shake a determination among extraordinary people to build a strong and free democracy in their ancient homeland and to continue have it serving as a light unto the nations of the world. i stand with all of you today, and we stand with israel. indeed, we stand with all peoples in all the world against rror ando would by te force of arms undermine their security and their safety. i want to close with this. michael wrote an op-ed in "the washington post" a few days ag

the conclusions briefly and bluntry are that the united states is violating the united nations charternts and finally, violating the united states constitution which says only congress can declare war. >> when the congress tried to ask questions about the vietnam war, they found it very difficult to get answers and sometimes they were lied to. >> we're engaged in a historic debate in this country. there are honest differences of opinion. >> in terms of one of the first time when people who were not far on the left or streaming on the right started raising some very serious questions about the war. >> if the people decide that this war should be stopped, are you going to take the position that's weakness on the home fron in a democracy? >> i would say that our people were badly misguided and did not understand the consequences of such a disaster. >> we agree on one thing, they can be badly misguided and you and the president have been misguiding them for a long time in this war. imagine if everything you learned led to the one job you always wanted. at university of phoenix, we believe

bunchly think ralph probably has more to do with every word in the united nations charter and every institution of united nations that still exists today. i'm saying without howard university, -- [applause] without thurgood marshall, judge hastie, and many others, we would not have had any basis for marching. 63 years ago.ere [laughter] [applause] i said, lord, if you give me one more chance. i promise you i will do better. happenedknow what had to me here. i neglected my studies, none of my teachers knew my name. an education. of [applause] don't play yourselves cheap. don't let anyone else define you. to december 17, 1962. bridge shuttle's church was bombed. it was bombed for the third time in the last 18 months. there were 60 unsolved bombings at homes where nobody had ever been charged or investigated. the house came completely down, and everybody was sure fred was dead. he walks out of there with his "ift and tie on and says, this didn't kill me, i can do anything i want to do." he came to atlanta and got us to say we couldn't sit back and wait for desegregation. we couldn't continue to be

israel in the region, you know, the most powerful region in the middle east, i think the united nations charter provided that people under occupation have the right to defend themselves. >> israel did withdraw from gaza? >> well, no, not really. they kept gaza technically under occupation. one point 8 million people are living in an open air prison. they cannot move in and out. >> because of the closing and because egypt closed -- >> everybody is closed -- back door is closed by egypt. >> israel initiated that blockade in 2007 when hamas took over. >> they say that blockade is to stop the rockets from going in. we know these rockets now exist. longer range rockets and the tunnelling is more extensive. their argument is they are trying stop weapons from getting in. >> there were no rockets launched at israel when israel started the blockade in 2007. the accumulation of the suffering of the people, the pressure that was created on the population led to certain actions against israel. listen, israel did that in 2008 and 2009 and again in 2012 and 2014. they'll be doing it in two, three, four years

nations, and i really think that ralph bunch probably has more to do with every word in the united nations charter and every institution of the united nations that's ... today. i am saying without howard university -- [applause] without thurgood marshall, judge hastings and many others we wouldn't have had a basis for the margin. i got out of here 63 years ago. [applause] and i said if you give me one more chance -- [laughter] i promise i will do better but i didn't know what happened to me. i say i neglected my studies and math my teachers knew my name, but i got a hell of an education. [applause] don't play yourselves cheap and let anyone else define you. let me go to december 171962. fred shuttlesworth's church was bombed for the third time in the last 18 months. there were 60 bombings in homes where nobody had ever been charged or investigated. fred came to see martin luther king the next day ends at -- first of all the home came completely down and everybody was sure he was dead but he walked out with his shirt and tie on and said if this didn't kill me i can do anything i want to do. so he c

article 51 of the united nations charter affirms this and i quote, inherent right to self-defense if an armed attack occurs against a member. how more clear can it be that israel acts not only from a moral perspective but under the charter of the united nations. america would do no less, and the congress of the united states will continue to stand by its ally, israel, as it takes the necessary step to protect its people. in my 13 trips to israel, and i brought over 150 members of congress of the united states to israel, i have seen firsthand the challenges israel faces. history has afforded the state of israel a historic mission, to protect the jewish people and enable them to seek a peaceful life in the homeland to which they returned following centuries of bitter exile. no movement or ideology, no force of arms or threat of terror can shake the determination of an extraordinary people to build a strong and free democracy in their ancient homeland and to continue serving as a light unto the nations of the world. i stand with all of you today, and we stand with israel. indeed, we sta

an i really think that ralph bunch probably has more to do with every word in the united nation's charter and every institution of the united nations that still exists today. i'm saying without howard university. without thurgood marshall and many others, we wouldn't have had any basis for marching. i got out of here 63 years ago. and i said, lord, if you give me one more chance, i promise you, i'll do better. but i didn't foe what had happened to me here. i say i neglected my studies and none of my teachers knew my name, but i got one hell of an education. and don't plaid yourselves cheap. don't let anyone else define you. now, let me go to december 17th, 1962. fred shuttlesworth churj was bombed. it was bombed for the third time in the last 18 mobts. nobody had ever been charged or investigated. fred shuttlesworth came to see martin luther kick and said, first of all, the house came pleatly down and everybody was sure that fred was dead and he walks out of there with his shirt and tie on and says if this didn't kill me, you know, i can do anything i want to do. so he kwam to atlanta and

even the united nations has not chartered. and frankly we don't know yet.re saddened by every sevilcivilian casualty in, we don't want to see a single innocent civilian caught up in the crossfire. the chief of the israeli army, said yesterday in hebrew, not to foreigners, not for public relations, he spoke direct letter to the israeli public yesterday, and he said every innocent death in gaza pains him. and i think he was expressing something very authentic among the israeli public. we don't want to see gaza hurt, and we really are making a maximum effort to avoid what the experts call collateral damage, because the people of gaza are not our enemies. the statistics you quoted before are not drew. all the international bodies are using hamas controlled ministry of health in gaza. when this is all over, we'll see the statistics much more even, having said that, i don't deny the civilians are being killed. why is that happening? because hamas rejected a cease-fire two weeks ago that we accepted an egyptian arab league cease-fire proposal. all the deaths that

that money goes to their arrest, tracking them, and removing them from the united states either through chartered planes and commercial airlines as well. pretty expensive. >> very expensive proposition into the billions. thank you very much, zain asher, for that. very eye-opening. what would you do if you saw a kid in a hot car now. in texas, some witnesses didn't wait for police. they jumped into action and you won't believe what happened when the mother appeared. >>> and then here's attorney general eric holder who takes on a controversial issue of race in america again today and say racial minorities are not the only ones who can be exploited against the law. [ doorbell rings ] stall them. [ imitates monkey ] stop stalling. cascade platinum fights cloudy residue 3x better than the competing gel and helps keep your dishwasher sparkling. cascade platinum. (vo) you know that dream... where you're the hero? hey... you guys mind warming this fella up for me? i'm gonna go back down, i saw some recyclables. make it happen with verizon xlte. find a car service. we've doubled our 4g lte bandwidth in ci

united states. three great charters are carefully preserved for future generations. to protect them from harmful dust and chemicals in the air, each parchment sheet has been separately sealed within

charter. the first thing i would say is the united states should terminate the s.t.a.r.t. treaty. the s.t.a.r.t. treaty is the one that spoke for the u.s. and russia to 1550 nuclear weapons, places other limits on the delivery vehicles but it's an effort to treat the united states and russia as the same when it comes to nuclear arsenals even though russia is not really projecting power around the world anymore and the u.s. has a lot of responsibilities for peace and stability. doesn't make any sense for united states to treat russia as an equal it seems to me we could terminate the treaty and the nuclear arsenal can flow to whereever it needs to be for our security obligations rather than any kind of commitment. obviously the second thing and this is the position president obama taken laysha about how these trying to hit single foreign policy and not devils and certainly not homers and it seems to me in ukraine right now we are looking at called third strikes because only military aid were given to meals ready to be. even under president carter when the soviets invaded afghanistan

thousand people that's more than twenty two thousand times the rate in the united states and just this week the very first immigration charter flight full of deportees landed in some pivotal the most violent city in the world outside of of war zone sadly the message this sends is that children crossing into the u.s. even if they are trying to escape persecution will not be given protective refugee status but there has been one positive outcome thanks to the added media attention placed on the plight of these children the situation on the border is now being viewed as a humanitarian crisis meaning that we're finally moving away from treating all of this like a political issue and more and more public figures are green some even facing arrest in the process pulitzer prize winning journalist jose antonio vargas who revealed in two thousand and eleven that he is an undocumented immigrant. while traveling to the mexico border in support of refugee children vargas was detained and has and now remains in federal custody and hell even glenn beck glenn beck has had a change of heart and his pledge to bring food and supplies to your r

charters were actually at of congress, just 1952. they came here in >> and your job title is also in chief oflector the united states. how did you get that title and do you prefer it? it actually comes from an article that sam roberts in the wrote about me" when i first started the job here. he coined the phrase, collector-in-chief. it's not an official title but i like it. >> how does one become the collector-in-chief? >> that's a good question. i was the director of the new public libraries and got a call out of the blue saying that they were looking at me for this job. and what did you study to become the collector-in-chief? i am a librarian. i grew up in research libraries and the newd duke york public library. >> what were your areas of research? major,s a literature history minor. i'm the first librarian to be archivist of the united states. does your job as 10th archivist of the united states digitaln a much more age than back in when the job was first started? are similarities, when i was getting ready for my confirmation hearing, i took a that robertything conner, who was first archivist of the united states

. >> the united states doesn't have in its constitution a stated mission of destroying another country. i mean, the hamas charter specifically says all israelis must die. >> megyn, instead of what mr. mccarthy's argue which is we need to at the end of the day win against hamas, the bottom line is what is our goal? i would argue that our goal is supposed to be to establish peace. and that's what we have to understand -- >> okay, but wait. >> no, hold on, killing children is not going to establish peace anywhere. >> but i'm trying to get an answer to this. >> when we say we want to win, it's not a win/lose. this is about protecting peace in that society. >> okay, i get that. but the point i was trying to make with him is that the united states, our government, says that hamas is a terrorist group. and when you read the hamas charter you understand why. i mean, they sound worse than adolf hitler in terms of what they want to do to the jews and to the israeli state. so why wouldn't we want to see our ally, israel, defeat hamas? why would we want to call a truce in the middle of a war that israel appears to be winnin

the united states today deported 21 kids from honduras. a charter flight departed from mexico. children reportedly range in age from 18 months to 15 years old. this was the first deportation flight since president obama promised to fast track the return of immigrant kids to their home runcountries. be right back. ct wedding day begins with arthritis pain and two pills. afternoon arrives and feeling good, but her knee pain returns... that's two more pills. the evening's event brings laughter, joy, and more pain... when jamie says... what's that like six pills today? yeah... i can take 2 aleve for all day relief. really, and... and that's it. this is kathleen... for my arthritis pain, i now choose aleve. get all day arthritis pain relief with an easy-open cap. this summer,now go get him. what we're up against. this mission will take precise handling. let's show 'em what it means to be built ford tough. ready to save the world? i'll drive. the ford summer spectacular sales event. now playing at ford dealers everywhere. wouldn't it be great if hiring plumbers, carpenters shopping o

unique situation where we have two charter schools, k through 12 schools hopefully, along with the university of teacher preparation program. in combination with the third unit which is the latino education research institute. it will be emerging, and the group will be looking at policy research. one of the best practices for teachers, one of the ways we can teach children from this community. >> and that's being led by dr. david lopez, former leader at the national hispanic university. >> the leader who really understands what the community is looking for education is able to make a link between k through 12 and higher education. >> what impact do you think you'll be making there, not only on the east side but the entire silicon valley by branching out like this? >> we're optimistic that we'll make a significant impact because we have a very unique situation with the k through 12 charter schools there. with the research institute, with the teacher training program. teachers are going to be trained more than likely in some charter schools where the research about the effectiveness and methodologies are going to be evaluated in those classrooms. then we'll ma

it's not a problem because it's the united states that might be behind it and see us as more pro israel or sympathizers. hamas in its charter calls for the destruction of israel. they refuse to recognize israel. they don't want israel to exist. that's like a dale breaker right out from the get go. how is israel who is trying to negotiate in good faith but as you see netanyahu pointing out hamas violates the cease-fires they propose this is a very difficult situation. i don't think they are doing it because it's us. >> part of it is that. the answer to that is that israel needs to do a two state resolution with the plo in the west bank territories and let gaza continue to fight. eventually they will be war weary and won't be able to get enough missiles. we have to accept the fact that gaza should not be part avenue palestinian state. >> let me get greg in here. i like it when you go last in the first-round. >> me too. >> you can clarify everything for us. i want to get your take. the media's perception of how the war is going. i've watched network news last night. i was surprised. what was being reported online didn't seem t

charter like the i.m.f. or world bank within which to work we just have the rules of the united nations now you just mentioned. china rising in demanding more respect more room within the international system i think there is a similar sentiment here in moscow but in ball in the case of both of those countries that are rise is perceived somewhat negatively in the united states do you think those threats of both russia and china being exaggerated in the united states do those countries really pose such a significant threat to the united states because as far as i understand neither of the ones there was the global dominance they just want to be treated as equal partners viz a viz the european union or the united states i think in some circles you find those threats to be exaggerated polling data suggests that the the strongest sense of threat is among members of the the staff of the u.s. congress and then the second strongest set of threat comes from the members of the u.s. congress and they are way ahead of the american people in their sense of threat but i think that this is this is not going to get easier a

. >> the point i'm trying to make is that united states, our government said that hamas is a terrorist group. when he read hamas charter, you understand why. i mean they sound worse than adolf hitler in terms of what they want to do to jews. why won't we want to see our ally, israel beat hamas? why would we want to call a truce in a war israel appears to be winning. >> how are we trying to use your words and mr. mccarthy's, win? if you're winning by causing incredibly large amounts of civilian casualties you can't hide behind the term of collateral damage. it's murder. 500 people, 75% of which are civilians that is not winning a war. which is why, probably the united nations high commissioner of human rights has said israel is teetering on the brink of war crimes. and violating international -- >> un hasn't -- >> everyone has its own views but bottom line is how are we protecting innocent human lives? as muslims that believe in the messiah, under our call is to protect human life. they're not going to do that with the view of win. >> let me ask you quickly before i go. it's documented hamas is using places like kinderg

agency in the united states we are on surpassed in size by new york and chicago seven oversight agencies. a little bit about our history. we were created by a board of supervisors supported charter amendment in 1982 and become operational about six months later in 1983 we're 32 are years old we're overwhelming in officer of the san francisco police department but were later placed in the description of the police commission that's an vicinity agency separate from the police department we're also a civic body we assist the police department in building trust in matters building trust with the community by being the bridge between the public and the police in matters of police misconduct and police policies. our mission so to insure police accountability by conducting free and timely and unbiased recommendations and on policies and practices macro recommendations. finally in the complainant and the police. here in california law enforcement agencies must have a premiered to investigate complaints from the public by peace officers in san francisco the ocii serves that purpose. the ocii has a staff of diverse civilians who have never been san francisco police but could have been pol

charter school that daimios was moved to tell his story of bullying. he turned that painful experience around and is now been chosen to represent the united states in thenternational body building and fitness federation. >> i've got a party snap. it's something you throw in -- learn it in my head. popped that. told that to teacher at school. we going to talk to this person about it. nothing happened. >> he leads the group each day in various cardio and strength training exercises he says he also likes to teach his students to work as a team. >> we have an incredible baseball team in our city. it's not the current phillies. it's little leaguers with shot at making their own world series and of course we're talking the lyle league world series. >> they've already proven how fear they are by earning the title of state champions. fox 29's drew dickman live in south philadelphia where the taney dragons held their final scrimmage before regionals. drew? >> reporter: iain they're getting ready to go to the mid atlantic regions on friday. and if they within those they will punch their ticket to the little league world series which will be closer for them willi

contractors to move kids around the united states saying quote, there will be approximately 65,000 unaccompanied alien children in total. 25% local transport. 25% via i.c.e. charter and 50% via commercial air. officials confirm that contract was real but it was about long term planning. but the president still has no plans to visit the border. and earnest said they have no concern about the optics of the president's fundraising a few hundred miles away. >> let's look at what the law really says about immigrant minors. senior political analyst brit hume is here with the surprising facts. in the >> in the uproar of illegal children pouring over the border some don't know what the law is and others do. the republican from idaho said on tv the obama administration should deport these children immediately. later he conceded the law does not permit that. the law in question is called the william wilbur force children protection act of 2008. it was passed by congress unanimously and signed by president bush. it requires immigrant minors apprehended at the border may only be deported immediately if they are from mexico or canada. the rest must be turned over within three

united states today deported 21 girls and boys from honduras, back to their home country on a charter flight, departed from new mexico for the city with the highest murder rate in the world. children reportedly range in age from 18 months to 15 years old. this was the first such deportation flight since president obama pledged to fast track the returnle of undocumented immigrant kids to their home countries. be right back. it's a complete checkup of the services your vehicle needs. so prepare your car for any road trip by taking it to an expert ford technician. because no matter your destination good maintenance helps you save at the pump. get our multi-point inspection with a synthetic blend oil change, tire rotation, brake inspection and more for $29.95 or less. get a complete vehicle checkup only at your ford dealer. this is mike. his long race day starts with back pain... ...and a choice. take 4 advil in a day which is 2 aleve... ...for all day relief. "start your engines" c'mon, you want heartburn? when your favorite food starts a fight, fight back fast, with tums. heartburn reli

unit challenges through our board budget process. i will say i appreciate supervisor avalos' comments. i guess i have a different perspective. i think that this board has the power to and should exercise our charter powers and responsibilities in terms of the budgeting for departments, and supervisor avalos is correct. we have made a significant move in 2011 when this budget committee we put for the first time in five or six years after this building committed significant [inaudible] around the police department for years by not funding academy classes it was the board of supervisors that put a class in 2011. that's $4 million. that was very significant. and by doing that we worked with the mayor and then expand the classes to three a year and achieved consensus about that. we also have helped other departments, whether it's last year we were able to help public works expand its cleaning capacity and landscaping capacity. we did a significant add back to rec and park for clubhouses and pools and so forth in our district, so i think we -- i don't even know the mayor has a lot of the cards with the way the budget process is structured. i think the board should play a proactive role with the departm

united for one measure that will further san francisco's investment in children, youth and family. we will now be sending this to the san francisco voters in november, hopefully after today's vote. the combined charter amendment means one unified measure in november. to reauthorize the children's fund and the public education enrichment fund, creating, coordinating council and establishing a school rainy day fund. in particularly supervisors kim, mar, and campos and myself who had affiliationses with the san francisco unified school district in the public school system really know the value of this school piece. and in which it was able to bring the resources necessary to put us ahead of every school district, urban school district in california, even though california is actually one of the lowest reimbursement or spending per capita of all the states. i think we're number 49. but at the same time, san francisco unified school district public schools have continued to improve over the last 8 to 10 years because -- and it's because of this fund. and this initiative also for the children's fund will continue to support the services to all children in san francisco. if it weren't for this, we wouldn't

the united states the first quasi central bank was brought about in 1791 but alexander hamilton as an innovation to improving the currency and finances of the government. but it failed and its charter expired in 1811, hence the birth of the banking system in the u.s. was literally littered with paper money which was unfunded and was in no small way a part of the economic chaos that proceeded and carried into the 20th century. it's important to recall the coinage act of 1872 dick today the value of money. for instance, $10 was the equivalent of a little over han half an ounce of gold and the half was three quarters of an ounce of silver. this meant that is the ratio of silver to gold was 15-1. this of course is to rail in the mismanagement of paper currency. i'll speak more about the banks in a minute but first let's get back to the metal. i know we believe right now that the world is most interconnected it has ever been. most probably it's true but free trade among nations is what has always driven growth. during this time period the factor ships, the industrial revolution and the british empire made the world a much smaller place. the different economies became interdependent and

charter. a law says they could only be changed in even numbered years. live in san jose, allie rasmus, ktvu channel 2 news. >>> new information on why the united states called for beefed up security at some airports over seas. intelligence officials are concerned about new efforts on the part of al-qaeda to create explosives that would be undetectable. the department of homeland security is working to expand the passengers screening process. the measures could include increased scrutiny. >>> the man who was a master mind of the attack unbegged appeared -- benghazi appeared in court today. ahmed abu khatallah arrived at the hearing, prosecutors charged him in connection with the 2012 attack that killed u.s. ambassador chris stevens. prosecutors said the defendant gave statements corroborating key facts and told the judge there are witnesses and evidence linking him to the attacks. ahmed abu khatallah's attorney agreed that he should remain in custody till the trial but she described him as a enemy of moammar gadhafi. >>> a man dress in a nun's habit and beaten by a group of people. >> i think it is something that is more and more a sport. >> a mild pattern t

government, the united states, not only the $47 million given last week but hundreds of millions of dollars to a coalition government that includes hamas, a terror group, that has in its charter the destruction of israel. is that a bad idea? i think it's a bad idea. >> i think what we should be doing is supporting palestinian moderates and not supporting extremists. i think it's incumbent to say disassociate themselves from hamas, condemn the rocket fire on israel. now, to give credit to palestinian president mahmoud abass, he criticized hamas for the rocket fire and he's criticized hamas for not accepting the egyptian arab league cease-fire proposal, the one that israel accepted. the trouble is he wavers. he may say one thing and the next day he'll condemn israel for war crimes when we're only acting to defend itself. it's time he got off the fence and showed himself to be a partner in peace. and the best way he can do that is today hamas is trying to cause problems on the west bank, stir up trouble. he should make sure that they can't do that. that way he proved himself that he's actually interested in peace. >> well said. thank you for being with us. coming up on this very

chartered bank division and monitored by t fdic. no connection to the parent company, but we wanted people to know more about the relationship, the connection to the united states. here you can see what's happened to the portuguese ten-year yield over the last week or so. showing a big rise. suggesting concerns about the overall portuguese economy and whether or not the government will be able to pay back debt. show awe longer term chart, though. you would see in fact their yields of still remarkably low compared to the worst moments, were ut you can see to the right still of this chart, there's been a sharp rise here as well. a lot of the other banks in portugal selling off and seeing spreads to the other european countries as well. the key question we're asking -- is this just can a banco espirito problem or seen issues of bank and debt repayment? >> questions we've asked for many months, really. gosh, feels for many years. michelle caruso-cabrera with the latest. >>> back to competition. joe may be in the number one position now, but mike murphy has the best trade of the year. so far. he added micron to his portfolio on the very first day of competiti

unit that live sporting events could do. as a result, you see issues like directv and at&t, where directv essentially obtained the rights to sunday ticket. >> you will see with comcast, time warner, charterorts rights to drive their revenue because consumers will move from provider to provider based on the sports that are being offered up. >> lee, great to see you. thank you so much, lee berke, of lhb sports entertainment and media. moving and shaking this hour, jpmorgan ceo jamie diamond. jamie diamond says he will be starting treatment for -- moving and shaking this hour, and jpmorgan ceo jamie diamon. dimon will cut backm on travel. is 58 years old and has been ceo since 2005. he guided the bank to the financial crisis without a loss and according to a person familiar with the matter, jamie dimon has said he would like to run jpmorgan for another five years, but still his illness is raising questions about the bank's succession plan, although he says they have a deep edge. staying in banking, wall street has long been accused of being an old-fashioned boys club and we could soon get a glimpse behind the curtain if the allegations are true to their lawsuit seating to expose the inner w

the charters were at the library of congress, just before they came here in the 1950's. >> your job title is also known as collector in chief of the united states. how did you get that title and do you prefer it? init came from an article the new york times about me when i first started the jobs here. that started the phrase. it is not an official title, but i like it. >> how does one become the collector and chief? >> i was director of the new york public library. i got a call out of the i got a call out of the blue saying they were looking for me for this job. >> what did you study? >> i am a librarian. >> what were your areas of research? >> a literature major, a history minor, and i'm the first librarian to be the archivist of the united states. >> how does your job change in a much more digital age than back when this job person started? >> -- first started? >> that are actually similarities. i took a look at everything robert connor, the first archivist of the united states, looked at what he was up against. to fire, were subject ieft, what, -- flood, and inherited a situation where we are creating electronic records across the gov