and the longest retreat in the history of the united states army back down to the vicinity of soul. new year's eve the chinese would launch another attack. fights his way back. mac arthur and truman have been going back and forth about policy. there is no substitute for victory. we go north and go really after the chinese and start bombing china. the union has a mutual defense package and that probably brings -- that probably means doubling up on world war iii. wrong war, wrong time, wrong place. public.pute becomes on april 11, 1951 truman relieved macarthur. summer, negotiations opened for an armistice, to figures to hammer out an agreement field that allies don't move significantly from where they stop in the summer of 1951. in the 1953 the armistice takes effect. this and otherh american history programs on our .ebsite that c-span.org/history. we continue our series, 1968, america and turmoil, with a look back at the media's role 50 years ago. america's were eyewitnesses to a war in vietnam, astronauts orbiting the moon, chaos on their city streets, and assassinations. magazines

starting with the united states army. >> chairman, thank you for the question. i will tell you the army leadership's very clear to me and our recruiting command is quality over quantity. if we can't make the quality-- or the quantity, you've allowed us to assess this year for the end strengths, it's my job to come back to you and tell you why we can't do it, but we will not sacrifice quality. a couple of points, your description of our soldiers is extraordinary. it's a really good word to describe who they are. they impress me and inspire me each and every day. as the army's growing again, thanks to your work, what we did, we went back to look at the last time we grew in 2008 and we made some mistakes back in 2008 and we're not making the mistakes now. back in 2008 we were focused more on quantity and quality. and that's not happening now. i entered the army in the early '80s and i love our army and i don't want to go back to those days and i speak, i think for the leadership and speak for the commanders across the force, they don't want to either. so we will re

a graduate of west point, a man who served our nation honorably as a cavalry officer in the united states army. this is a talented litigator who graduated from harvard law school, where he served as editor of the law review. this is an accomplished businessman, a former member of congress, and a current director of the central intelligence agency. this is a man who is qualified to serve in every respect. and yet some of my colleagues wanted to block director pompeo's nomination on the grounds that he supports our president. give me a break! to these colleagues i say, enough. enough of the partisan games. enough of the political grandstanding and self-serving sank money. -- sanctimony. delaying this nomination undermines the esteem of this body and the very safety our nation. obstructing director pompeo's confirmation would be a significant break from the bipartisan process that has characterized these kind of nominations in the past -- over my past 42 years. for example, when president obama nominated hillary clinton to serve as secretary of state, republicans and democrats set aside their dif

lot of disciplinary and more our problems but that was across the board not limited to the united states army at the time. so now when i look at the military today they are extraordinary we truly have talent it is an elite force we have a smaller force then historically we have had but it is elite. with the high quality and those numbers and big numbers in low quality. i know there is that great temptation to meet numbers and lower standards so i want each of you to address that starting with united states army. >> chairman thank you for the question this is very clear with the recruiting command if we cannot make the quantity you have allowed us to assess that is my job to come back and tell you we cannot do that but we will not sacrifice quality so with your description of our soldiers is extraordinary that is a good word to describe them they impress me each and every day and going again thanks to your work looking at the last time we grew 2008 we did make some mistakes then but were not doing that now did quantity over quality that isn't happening now but on a personal level i love our ar

lieutenant general thomas seamands, vice -- deputy chief of staff united states army, vice admiral robert p. burke, chief of naval personnel, lieutenant general gina m. grosso, deputy chief of staff for manpower, personnel and services, united states air force, lieutenant general michael a. rocco, united states marine corps, general seamands, you are now recognized for five minutes. >> chairman coffman, ranking member spier, i thank you for the opportunity today to appear before you on behalf of the men and women of the united states army. i've submitted a statement for the record, i now would hike to highlight a few of the points. manning our army is one of the key components to our readiness. thank you for the fiscal year 2018 national defense authorization act which authorized the army to grow by 8,500. we also appreciate the two-year budget deal which will improve readiness and insure our formations are filled in the years to come. to build the future army, we must recruit diverse men and women of high quality and high character in a competitive market, as the chairman talked about, w

forces south in the longest retreat in the history of the united states army.erhaps into the acidity of seoul, korea -- the city of seoul, korea. died in a traffic -- at this point, mcarthur and truman have been going back and forth about policy. mcarthur wants to fight it to the finish. -- if we really go after the chinese and start bombing china, the soviet union probably brings trouble to europe. wrongwar, wrong time, place. that is what the chairman of the joint chiefs says. the dispute becomes public. released11th truman macarthur. for antions open armistice. it takes two years to hammer out an agreement. the battle lines do not move significantly from where they stopped in the summer of 1951. in july, 1953, -- >> announcer: you can watch this and other programs on our website where all of our video is archived. c-span.org\history. americanch week, artifacts take viewers into archives, museums, and historic sites. the library of congress houses the largest library of herbert by

sword again except in defense of my native state. >> [ sighs ] >> i hereby resign from the united states armycivil war, many americans, particularly southerners, believed their citizenship and loyalty is with their home state, not their country. however, there are some virginians, like general scott, who fight for the federal government. but not robert e. lee. he puts the defense of his beloved virginia over preserving the union, choosing to become a rebel officer. and while history is conflicted over lee's private stance on slavery, in fighting for states' rights to secede, he is publicly and violently defending the institution of slavery. >> you are makg the bit mistake our life. >> you will command this army. and you will save our capital. [ reel ticking, shutter clicks ] >> lee takes over a demoralized confederate army low on munitions and man power, devoid of manufacturing, squeezed by the union's coastal blockade. the south appears to be one battle away from losing the war. >> this is a desperate time for the confederacy. the army that lee inherits is not in good condition. clearly, the

fact that your first guest pointed out alexander the united states is the only one to develop this at edgewood proving grounds the united states army's biological and chemical weapons proving grounds in edgewood maryland in one thousand nine hundred eighty eight this was published in nist ok so the united states for this class which is not a nova chuck nova truck was a term invented by a russian defector published in his book in two thousand and eight so this this is a really important point because it deflects from the fact that the united states itself is the one nation on record who has developed and worked on this class of nerve agents that is publicly known. you know alexander's to date there has been no transparency just accusations unfortunately i have to believe that we're not going to ever get any evidence whatsoever it will always be shrouded and it will because it's this is really not about the attacker apparent attack on two people one former double agent and his daughter but this is about pushing forward an agenda very nefarious one at that because i don't see this is just one step in a process ok and so this is why i do

the north korea and united states army for up for success and as you know one day and has spent more time actual really on developing a relationship with the united states and all the trucked in more so than he did that with north korea so i think all their interest is right now right now very just north north and south korea's interest is through you know for all prepare for the successful north korea and united states seventieth and pretty much right now two koreas a very you know they are they're very they're all you know on track and you know there isn't there's much disagreement amongst them and there's another woman thing i want to take it is that you know it's just a whole new type of peacemaking you know there's amazing kreskin peace activists in korea and united states and we're so energized and also in korean government is that created. some of the websites and you should and also people from all of the all of the world listening in korean. and also people in korea this is a chile truly wants to pastern an energetic peace movement and i think this time we got there and you c

he served honorably in the united states army for over 30 years, including deployments the afghanistan, iraq and the republic of korea. prior to leading the united states army cyber command, general nakasone commanded the cyber national mission force at the united states cyber command. general nakasone, you are being asked to lead the national security agency during a period of significant debate about what authorities and tools are lawful and appropriate. i'm hopeful that moving forward, you will be an influence and influential and forceful advocate for those foreign intelligence tools you believe are necessary to keep the citizens of this country safe while protecting american privacy. as i have mentioned to others during their nomination hearing, this committee will faithfully follow their charter and conduct a vigorous and realtime oversight of the intelligence community, operations and activities. we will ask difficult and probing questions of you and your staff and we expect honest, complete and timely responses. you have been reported favorably out of the senate arms services on

in 1959 felix was drafted in united states army, stationed on multiple bases away from rosalina and their family. felix petitioned president kennedy to be a citizen. a private bill was passed that quickly allowed felix to be a u.s. citizen and move his family to the united states in 1964. rosalina was a caring and strong willed mom raising five children while often working part-time at various positions on the base. she always made sure there was a hot and hearty meal on the table, clean and orderly home and activities. she passed awaypeacefully at the age of 91 on wednesday march 21st, surrounded by her loved ones who will miss her deeply. rosalina was proceeded in death by her parents, her siblings [reading names] she leaves behind her loving husband of 66 years, felix mendoza, her children andromeda, with alex, hydra with eric [reading] and grandchildren [reading names fast] and her 27 great grandchildren and four great, great grandchildren. thank you for allowing me to do that. and i want to thank you all for all your support during these last three weeks of transition for my mom who

what will that mean to the united states army of the future? it would unravel, in general terms, would unravel. major enemy now since 1946, 7, 8, so on and so forth has gone away, what pressures would be, what would the army be called upon to do, what could the army say it could do. what are traditional things the army could do. if the army goes away, what -- i mean, if the threat goes away, what does it mean for the force structure. what does it mean for what we have in europe. there were so many questions that were posed on that and i was one of the guys that was going to be a member of that group. >> wow. >> but i was not a member of the group in the pentagon. they used me as sort of an independent source, outside a small group of officers that was working on it, and funded me. i got to travel to the major army headquarters throughout the world to try to ask the generals what they thought was going to happen and so on and so forth. so i did that for six months. then put together a study and presented it to general sullivan. he thought i was c

armies. the united states had a much larger economy, more industry, then the confederacy. the lost cause according to barbara gannon and a new book that came out earlier this year entitled "americans remember the civil war" was an almost inevitable product of men and women coping with defeat. white southerners who saw their world turned upside down, right, in 1865, the social order has been destroyed, slavery is gone, and i would recommend barber's book as probably at this the point best introduction to this complex field, growing field, of civil war memory. "americans remember the simple or -- the civil war." some historians argue that antebellum romanticism is at the root of lost cause mythology. the novels of walter scott, for instance, the waverley novels, where they portray this chivalrous knights. other historians have emphasized the centrality of protestant christianity to the lost cause, and this argument is made notably in a book called "baptized in blood" by charles reagan wilson. wilson describes the lost cause as a civil religion promoted by southern clergyman,

they see us as part of the united states army and part of the united states airports -- air force with similar capability. to bring special sub relationships that they have and in the state partnership program. >> thank you. >> did you have more to say? okay, good. >> thank you. german feeling. >> thank you. salie on behalf of the committee, thank you for the remarkable things that the national guard does around the world. i know that there's a bipartisan support for what we call the accounts. i think over the last two or three years, being under the chairwoman robu hopefully the equipment fit you've requested is we're meeting your needs and also meeting just the issues of, you know -- affect obviously the regular force as well as the national guard. i too have some questions on the deployment. secretary of defense was specifically authorized under title -- under title 32, section 05 -- 502 f. is it authorization for 4,000? >> it's up to 4,000, yes, sir. >> it's a little unclear to me, maybe because this is a recent announcement whose paying for what. you're making a plea for reprogram

that will help grow more ready brigade combat teams for the united states army. fundamentally, the force that generates that readiness so when they go to the training center they can do training at a high level. it requires full-time support inside the army national guard to build the foundational readiness we need. that full-time number is close to -- a little less than 60,000 inside of the national guard. that is about of the total force that is about -- 16.5% of 343,000 people. i would offer to you that i think to increase our readiness, we need to raise the level of full-time support inside of the national guard. >> have you made a specific request as to what the number should be and what the additional cost will be? >> what we asked for this year is relatively small number. it is 440 additional recruiters. such that we can go recruit more people -- >> let me ask you this. the recruiters, if you had the resources of four more active guard and reserve for the readiness, could you effectively and efficiently use it and if so, could you provide the subcommittee w

united states can offer a lot of examples. for example, the famous g.i. bill that transformed the united states army into the greatest economic reconstruction engine after the second rope or. that is something we can run first -- draw inspiration from. i have to salute the critical work that u.s. ip is doing in trying to bring in and strengthen and consolidate reconciliation in difficult areas in iraq. i mentioned the economics. conference that took place in kuwait last month. pledged billions of dollars to help us rebuild. it wasn't a pledging conference. it was a reconstruction conference where for the first time -- actually held a special session for the private sector. why? because iraq has potential. we are hoping this will pan out very quickly. positives me feel very that this will happen is that one of the most important developments on the political has been theregion -- that has been sent. we had delegations come in, including sports delegations. we have had important events in iraq, a soccer game that took place where we beat the saudis 4-1. [laughter] soccer is aoke, religion in iraq. [la

army. these are superb citizen-soldiers. they have all of the skills, training and discipline of our best units in the united states army andfference is that they come with civilian-acquired skills and life experience that even our great active duty soldiers don't have. so they're able to deal with the interagency and the intergovernment nuances of this kind of a mission very, very well. this is a brilliant idea to use the guard. the if we didn't have a guard, this nation would have to invent the national guard today. it is precisely the secret sauce that delivers the unity of effort between the locals, the state, the federal governments of both the united states and mexico. and mexico views the guard quite differently than it does federal troops. federal troops sends a very different message to the, on the south side of the border than what is he maybe intended. by putting the guard down there, the mexican -- the six states, the northern border states of mexico and the four united states states that border our mexican border work together routinely. they see the guard all the time training and exercising with them. so they

does that mean the united states army? other military assets?esident say that tells us what? >> it tells us that he wants to show some kind of action going back to our earlier conversation that he can't get anything done on capitol hill. it will be interesting to see if secretary mattis who was sitting next to him is aware of this plan and has the next steps to move the military to the border. it would certainly be a bold step by the president. it would show some action on his part for his base who wants him to sharpen border security. whether it would be effective as a policy measure, i'm not sure, and would be tenuous at best. >> he started off by criticizing his caravan. it's been happening for five years. it's an annual event. it's a publicity move. these refugees march northward coming toward the united states. then he gave the russian government, actually, credit for breaking it um. >> there is a really key point to consider, which is the president seems to be talking about cracking down on changing the laws. right noul, if you can show cr

the air force reserve traces its root back to the aeronautical division of the united states army's chief signal officer which took charge of balloons and air machines in 1907. 10 years later, the first two air reserve units were deployed to france as the united states entered world war i providing the war effort with 10,000 trained pilots. reservists later played a critical role in world war ii, and legendary jimmy dolitting was among the airmen in this force in response to pearl harbor, went on to lead the dolittle raid, the first bombing attack on the japanese mainland. in wars and combat operations to follow they have supported the core function of the united states air force as well as providing disaster relief. when terrorists attacked our country on september 11, 2001, air force reservists responded in foul force to protect americancy cities and assist in the efforts. they fulfilled the promise of early air pioneers. i want to join all my fellow citizen airmen past and present in celebrating the 70th an verse throif united states air force reserve. no mat wrer you go in the world y

united states. that includes its borders against foreign penetration and for 150 years we have tried to defend those borders, for 100 of those years we had the united states armythe border. from 1867 onward, we built forts. we had thousands of troops down there. all the generals that t commanded our forces during the second world war served on the mexican border. we have been dealing with criminality, corruption, forms of terrorism for decades. and this is not a new problem. people need to understanding mexico is america's soft underbelly. before world war ii and the rainbow plans, we recognize that mexico presented a, threat because mexico also sides with our enemies. mexico sided with germany during world war i against us. mexico was the principle platform for the kgb in western hemisphere all through the world war. mexico is hostile to us. and for the last 40 or 50an years, anyone heading north in mexico who said they wanted to go to the united states got to ride on public transportation for nothing. now, add to that the drug trafficking, which is now capitalized on corruption on a scale never before seen in the history of that country, and then the million

he served in the united states army earning the rank of captain and he served as a calvary officer in various parts of the world. when he went to law school, he graduated at the top of his class and practiced at a prestigious law firm. then he went into business founding an aerospace company and later ransom for the house of representatives from his home state in kansas. those that know mike know that brash, impulsive, and reckless are not words you would ever use to describe him. he's not somebody looking to pick a fight with dangerous regimes or to flex military muscle unnecessarily. what director pompeo actually is is careful, thoughtful, deliberate. he listens. he studies. and he gets along with people. and above all, he has the sort of experience we need in our next secretary of state. it is true he has military experience but that doesn't predispose him to military conflict as the best way to resolve our disputes with other countries. to the contrary. and he has much more than that experience. he served honorably on the house intelligence committee and he's now served at the c.i

master sergeant jonathan dunbar of the united states army and sergeant matt tenrow, a british soldier, both killed on this mission, five others injured when they were hit by an ied blast in northern syria. why this is so significant, of course, is because for one reason president trump talking about paulling u.s. troops out f syria and the isis mission. the president talking about it at the same time. manbridge is an area in northern syria where basically u.s. troops have largely publicly been focused on going on patrols and showing that they are there. but this underscores there is a classified mission in that area of syria. we now know that u.s. army master sergeant jonathan dunbar was assigned to the u.s. army's very elite, very secretive delta force, that he was part of a delta force mission along with the others that day to go look for an isis operative in northern syria when they were killed in combat. very tough business, of course, for the army, and for the british. their families in deep mourning. they are expected to be laid to rest in the coming days. brianna. >> barbara st

bob durrow was an arkansas native who spent two years in the united states army band during world warre and later to the west coast where he worked with miles davis. bob durrow, a teacher to millions of american children, died this week at home in mt. bethell, pennsylvania. he was 94 years old. not to recreate historical sites, we had to stitch hundreds of pictures one by one. with microsoft ai, we are able to stitch hundreds of thousands of pictures in one night. i need to make it possible, because it's so important to do it. with artificial intelligence you can go in, you can experience it. fthere's flonase sensimist.f up around pets. it relieves all your worst symptoms including nasal congestion, which most pills don't. and all from a gentle mist you can barely feel. flonase sensimist. your parents have been ittalking about you for years.. they're all about me saving for a house, or starting a college fund for my son. actually, i want to know what you're thinking. knowing that the most important goals are yours, is how edward jones makes sense of investing. well, here's to first da

first the united states army missile space and defense command army forces strategic command smdcr stralt sefshds as a support provider in support of our commands. a multifaceted multicompo command consists two of war fighting brigades a technical center and a future war fighting center that provides trained and ready space and missile defense forces and capabilities to the war fighter and the nation. stretching across 11 different time zones and 23 dispersed locations we provide low density high demand capabilities for today's fight as well as build future space and missile defense capabilities for tomorrow by researching testing and integrating space missile defense, cyber and directed energy technologies. the changing operational environment and evolving tlae threat requires to provide the army and the joint force with enhanced air and missile defense capacity and capability and maintain readiness while managing the high operational demand of our low density forces. within smdcr strat we are collaborating closely with the army's air and missile defense cross-functional team on capabili

the united states army space missile defense command, army force strategic command. combat and command. a multifaceted command consists of two war fighting brigades, a technical senter and future war fighting center that train missile defense forces and capabilities to the war fight ner the nation. stretching across 11 different time zones and dispersed locations, low-density and high capabilities for today by researching, testing and integrating, space, missile defense, cyber and technologies. the changing operational environment and revolving threat requiring to involve the army and force. maintain readiness while managing the high operational demand of our forces. we are collaborating closely with the army air and missile defense cross function nol team to increase the lethality of the army and joint force including short range defense and directed energy. across functional team is a key part that will enable us to have requirements and concept to prototyping to fielding. i also have the privilege of commanding the joint functional component command or j fcc imd.

center rotations a year to four combat rotations a year that will help grow combat teams for the united states army. more fundamentally, the force that generates that readiness so they go to the combat training center and do the training at this i level of collective training they are doing, it requires full-time support in the army national guard to build the foundational levels of readiness, the full-time number close to a little less than 60,000, the army national guard, the total force that is 16.5%. i offer to you to increase readiness we need to raise full-time support in the army national guard. >> in your budget submission, what this number should be and what the additional costs would be. >> relatively small numbers, 440 additional recruiters such -- >> over and above those recruiters, if you had the resources, four more active guard and reserves for readiness could you effectively and efficiently use it and if so could you provide subcommittee with that number? >> yes, sir. >> next question i have, i ask for the record. could you tell us what day you were informed of the new policy relati

now, we got the best training ranges in the entire united states army at ft. hood with the exception of the national training center. okay. that's where you learn the best. you train, and we're great trainers. we've got great soldiers, and they're well trained. but they all go through the national training center before they go to war, if it's available to us. therefore, you save lives, you're more effective, you win battles. that's what this consortium is doing for the small towns and midsize towns of my state. and of every state in this union. if it's the fact that universities are attached to it, then let's figure out a way to make it better. explain to me why basically you're saying, i know, i've heard, we got to make cuts and all that stuff. but i'm telling you, you will harm -- my district is basically suburban. but you're still going to harm about 25 towns in my district. >> yeah, and by no means do we want to harm anybody. i'm just in a rock and a hard place when it comes to where i can prioritize our funding in a tough environment. when it comes to te

i rise today to honor colonel stan cass, united states army, retired. colonel cass passed away on april 14 at the age of 84. born in well county, colorado, to a family of farmers, colonel graduated from high school and attended west point. after brief stints in germany and france, he went to vietnam as a helicopter pilot, dangerously traversing the skies to support infantry troops. he briefly came back to the states to complete a masters degree before returning to vietnam to command 300 helicopters in an air calvary fleet. after his valiant efforts in vietnam, colonel cass worked in the pentagon on the hell fire missile system and then returned to well county to take over the family farm. he wasn't finishing serving in 2008, he launched honor flight, a nationwide nonprofit that transports america's veterans for visits to our war memorials in washington, d.c. stan helped transport over 2,500 veterans to washington over the past decade, giving our heroes a chance to reflect on and find closure in their wartime experiences. like so many other families in n

alive was when the germans marched him through rome in a parade to show they had beaten the united states army. he passed off a matchbook cover with a note to the cardinal while the pope was trying to bless these men and said, please call louise in jefferson, iowa and tell her i am alive. that was the first indication they had any of them were survivors. >> thank you. >> on the bottom in the back to your left. >> this is kind of a superficial question. how long do think patton would have stayed in any kind of command had he had the ability to tweet? [laughter] >> i will answer that. it is 146 characters? he would have gotten about 10. that would have been it. >> gentlemen, to your left. >> this is a little off-topic. i want to ask about the strategic bombing of germany and the decisions made to wipe out cities. i've read a little about it. i am not a expert but i would love to hear what you say about the decisions that were made to virtually wipe out the cities. was it a good idea, bad idea? i would love to hear your viewpoint from all four of you? >> chris is the man. >> i will start. in term

an army of my grants is literally marching or riding or making their way from, honduras. >> most all of them from central america, most from honduras. taking the journey from there to the united states. >> if there is a small my grant army marching toward the united states, peacefully, but once across our borders how should it be handled. >> you know t is so disappointing that the president always gets the scary stuff from fox news. like i hope that one day general kelly just puts on "sesame street" instead, and trump doesn't notice. and five minutes later he will be tweeting, big news, folks, i just learned that sharing is caring. thanks to a young man with very normal skin. very normal. good looking skin. (applause) and of course, the caravan never even came close to the u.s., right. tended in mexico city, as had always been planned. what made the story incredible is how trump leveraged the wrongness to crowd all of his favorite talking points into one news cycle. >> daca is dead president trump tweet this morning, adding, must build wall. urging congress to fund it and strengthen immigration law to stop what he calls caravans of people entering the u.s. illegally. >> and then a t