founding fathers proud to make our citizens proud, and that can advance this idea that the united states congress can get something done in the united states of america. instead of partisan ranch rancor. ... one thought. there is not one organized health care group or advocacy group in my state that supports the republican health care plan. so as we are looking at judgment on that plan, don't take my word for it. take the medical association's word for it. take the hospital association's word for t. take aarp's word for it. take the consortium of large hospitals in my state who urged a no vote on this on this legislation takes the disabled children's advocacy groups word for it. we are big enough people and good enough leaders that we could forge a path forward if we just found the will to do so. with that, mr. president, i yield the floor. >> i wanted to say a few words about the new republican health care plan that was just announced a few hours ago. while there are some modest changes in it, the truth of the matter is this plan remains a disaster and an embarrassment, and i think the indicatio

we tell our constituents, you send me to washington, d.c., send me to represent you in the united states congress. i will uphold the constitution. that's the number one duty, to uphold the constitution. it requires the president to preserve, protect and defend the constitution of the united states and under the take care clause, take care that the laws are faithfully executed. doesn't mean kill off the law but enforce the law. the president has violated the constitution and now the rules committee denied the ability of the house of representatives to strike this out of the policy that exists under the authorization now of the national defense authorization act. and they're asking me to vote for this bill even though it violates a principle that was encompassed in e's oath. not only do we put these members of congress up on a vote and challenge them afterwards as to whether they meant it, but we don't get to have a debate or a vote. here's the national defense authorization act already for final passage to come to the floor tomorrow with unconstitutional components encompassed within it. that is s

attempted to get involved in our election and yet up strong sanctions or sanctions bill in the united states congress and the house of representatives that is wrong for all americans and a threat democratic institution and we should put it on the the floor et it on immediately, there is no excuse for that happening. host: according to "new york blue slip olution to the issue has been tied up because house democrats object o language that would prevent minority party from raising disapproval if the white house sanctions.aken the guest: yeah, i think this is easy, this should be the exact bill that was supported out of the sant, put exact same bill of the house, exact same bill. let's not change a word, but the bill out of the senate, voted on 98-2 bipartisan bill, same bill on the floor of the house and let us vote on it. today.uld be done host: joe in south carolina, an independent, joe, good morning. welcome to the conversation. what is your question or comment? caller: good morning. comments.ee different the first one is, first of all, thanks c-span. i love c-span. they let the american people give

you are a member of the united states congress you idiot. i would buy cooking and i got busted by the fbi. they have said that they heard that there was a member of congress who was doing this and have done this. it was a sting operation. i don't know a whole a lot of the details about it. i would also say though one of the things that i do in the book because i have a thorough respect for men and women in law enforcement i don't go to heavy detail about what the undercover guy looks like. whether you been to your own ups and down.ik we have our way of dealing with things. whether it is just trying to move on. i try not to dwell too much on the past what i could work can i have done. i was arrested i remember specifically the road i was walking on. i probably would've just kept going.an i have beers on the hill with staff after my day at work. i went to a fundraiser with the width of the house who is now the majority leader. and then i went to a bar and after i walk out and purchasingn fbi your life is about to change dramatically. they said

my obligation is to uphold the law. >> you know the united states congress has huge responsibilities also. i am concerned because the united states congress, what they have done, bipartisan, we are about to implement a sanctions bill against russia and in that sanctions bill, there is some authority that ovat has to enforce certain protections. do you believe, mr. secretary, that there is corruption in russia? yes or no? >> yes, i am sure there is corruption in russia. now, if you believe there is corruption in russia and have you head or understand the sanction bill that we are doing in a bipartisan way in the united states congress, both the house and the senate? >> of course. >> have you made plans on how you would implement the sanction bill and how the treasury bill implements the bill? in regard to russia? >> have you thought about how you would do planning to go against the corruption taking place in russia? how the treasury department would protect the people of the united states? the constitution, not the president. have you thought about implementing that or can you do that

united states of america, not to donald trump, the president of the united states. >> let me just be clear. my obligation is to uphold the law. we've cooperated with all investigations. >> the united states congress has a huge responsibilities also. now i am concerned, the united states congress, what they've done, bipartisan, about to implement the sanctions built against russia, and if that sanction bill, there is some authority that they have to inform certain protections. let me ask you this question first. you believe, mr. secretary, that there corruption in washington. yes or no? >> yes, i am sure there is corruption in russia. >> if you believe there's corruption in russia, have you read or understand the sanctions bill that we are doing on a bipartisan way in the united states congress, both the house in the senate, have you familiarize yourself with the billable. >> of course i have. >> so you know what your responsibility is our. >> of course i do. >> have you also made some plans on how you will get the sanctions bill, how the treasury will utilize that bill. >> we've looked at it. >> have you thought about how you can do the planning to go against the corruption that's taking place in

basically the signal is that you three bad guys, you will get the same treatment from the united states congress. and with all due respect, russia is not north korea. >> reporter: but the sanctions also have some unintended consequences. the bill as written now targets any company that contributes to the maintenance or construction of russia's energy export pipelines. instead of just punishing the russians, they snare european and american business in their web. the vast nord stream 2 pipeline between russia and germany has huge financial stakes for more than a dozen european energy companies. america first cannot mean europe's interests come last, complains jean-claude juncker, the eu's chief executive. the president of the american chamber of commerce in moscow told us american companies would also pay a price. >> the ability to do business for large u.s. investment banks and global investment banks has been affected the most by sanctions. >> reporter: nobody knows how president vladimir putin will react, anthony. but a kremlin spokesman said today putin will wait until the new measures become

as a citizen of this country. >>. >> why wouldn't everybody who refuse to cooperate with united states congress?. >> with their without the threat of going to jail i would hope that citizens of this country respect to the congress of the united states to the extent of responding to legitimate questions and is trying to understand is to be involved in a matter. >> but your honor. >> let me finish my question. >> there are two pieces to that psi would come what i testified? that is a different question and the answer is if you hypothesize and then to protect those certain indications. >> we also have the fifth amendment. >>. >> that would be remotely criminal but had to make that assumption?. >> senator russell think you're talking about hypothetical circumstances it is difficult to answer the question if your senior counsel to the president as one of the few non lawyers in the room but and then to exert executive privilege? so if the senator is told by their president you're not allowed to call because he is my counsel then it is not a voluntary question by the witness you're asking why would th

when the united states congress -- the democrats in the united states congress -- passed obamacare, i remember well what we were told because i wanted to believe it. the president said -- i'm going to quote -- if you like your insurance plan, you can keep your insurance plan. i think he meant that at the time. it just wasn't true. it turned out not to be true. the president said, if you like your doctor, you can keep your doctor. i think that's what he wanted, but you couldn't. he said, the affordable care act would, quote, cover every american and cut the cost of a typical family's premium by up to $2,500 a year. not even close. he said -- president obama said, obamacare would, quote, bend the cost curve for health care. he said, without adding, quote, one dime to the deficit. none of that was true. i think the president meant it at the time. i think he wanted it at the time. i know i did. i know you did, mr. president. but it just turned out not to be true. now the simple fact of the matter is -- and i think every reasonable person has to conclude -- that the affordable care act has

founding fathers product, to make her system proud of that can advance this idea that the united states congress can get something done the united states of america instead of partisan ring cream. so, we hold out the hope that we will at one point be able to debate these ideas we presented. we hold out the hope that we will in fact meet somewhere to arrive at a better plan for the the delivery of healthcare in this country. i want to close with one thought. there is not one organize healthcare group or advocacy group in my state that supports the republican healthcare plan. so as we are looking at judgment on that plan, to not take my word for it, take that medical associations word for, take the hospital associations word for it, aarp's were for. get the disabled children's advocacy groups word for it. b this is not a pass. but we are big enough people in good enough leaders that we cod

somewhat complicit in the developments that led up to so many state legislatures and the united states congress turning into a one party dominated entities. because way back in 1982, tommy b battels, some of us looked at some court rulings and said there is misrepresentation of black folks in united states congress and our mission is to create as many black districts as we could. now, some folks in drawing districts decided that that meant you had to put every black person in 13 or 14 states together in short -- to ensure you had a 60% plus district because some people were unsure that they had the capability of winning with anything less than 60%. and we abetted, we abetted that process. now, what resulted was turning over state legislatures which control the redistricting process to people understood what they had to do and they called for battle who understood that they can bleach as many districts as they could, that they could dominate the political scene for years to come. now, some folks that i used to talk to and try to explain that to never understood what that means. what it means is

viewing things from the russian perspective every time the united states congress presses the president to put sanctions on russia we can presume that that's because the lobbyists are being paid to run the agenda of congress the president is usually not subject to these lobbyists but they're a lobbyist out there spending millions of dollars to direct foreign policy if they can through congress what this offer to what this offer is to russia is an opportunity to become more self-sufficient to plant more crops of its own to develop more industries of its own and to become a more autonomy as self-sufficient country which depends more on its closer allies in europe who have a symbiotic relationship with russia so this is a win win situation for russia gives the sanctions are imposed it will require russia to become more autonomy and more self-sufficient and to develop its own industry in partnership with germany and the european union what if the if the sanctions are not imposed that will demonstrate that russia is becoming of such a value to the world economy that they can't be cut out so

basically, the signal is that you three bad guys, you will get the same treatment from the united states congressand with all due respect, but russia is not north korea. >> reporter: but the sanctions also have some unintended consequences. the bill, as written, now targets any company that contributes to the maintenance or construction of russia's energy export pipe lines. instead of just punishing the russians, they snared european and american business in their web. the vast nord stream ii pipe line between russia and germany, has huge financial stakes for more than a dozen european energy companies. america first cannot mean europe's interests come last, complained jean claude juncker, the e.u.'s chief executive. alexis rodzianko is president of the american chamber of commerce in moscow. he told us american companies would also pay a price. >> the ability to do business for large u.s. investment banks and global investment banks have been affected the most by sanctions. >> reporter: nobody knows how president vladimir putin will react, anthony, but a kremlin spokesman said today putin will w

so i think this should be a wake up call for russia that the united states congress has no may be the principal goal of american foreign policy conflict with russia well these are these are just the beginning of measures taken by russia how do you see this playing out moving forward especially when we have president trump who is looking against the wishes apparently of congress looking to normalize these relations how do you foresee russia playing this out well the top no longer can normalize relations the bill for him it's. and he has no real alternative to signing it because the speech of. the truck doesn't sign and the media will use that as proof that he is working in favor of russia and that would probably lead to peaceful so what russia does i don't know depends on how much they wake up how much to give up this. illusion this delusion actually reach an accommodation. it's a serious situation for russia to have united states committed. to the consulate was russia and that is precisely where the united states is. all of this bill and that is the change of one of the two main spons

united states doesn't have, he isn't tried in normal court. the president is a citizen who has a very different set of legal accountability. the powers ubld article 1 of impeachment of the united states congress you ultimately, you are sitting in judgment. because there's no other process that doesn't involve one charlie dent and his colleagues in determining what is too much. >> well, i don't think that -- chris, look. you're using the term impeachment. i think that's not something we should be talking about at all. again, there is a threshold for that. high crimes is that misdemeanors. there is a presumption of innocence. yes, there is an ongoing investigation by bob mueller and committees. i think it is pre mature to be jumping to the next step about what should happen in the event something does happen. we don't know if there was collusion or not. these e-mails don't look good bust that's up for the special prosecutor to make that recommendation. >> fair enough and final question. should mitch mcconnell have at least one hearing before they vote in the senate? >> well, i think there should be more transparency on the health care issue. i've always felt that way. >> should he have a hearin

congress is unmanageable but the fact of the matter is when there is an obvious threat to the united states congresscan get its act together real quick and to the extent that congress seems to be unmanageable maybe the problem isn't the unmanageability but it's not clear that there's a vital american interest that's at stake. >> very good, let's go to our first question, if you can announce your name and give your question. my question is hypothetical to mr. mccarthy. if later today president trump were to go and attack north korea without any congressional authorization in advance, would it be appropriate to impeach him for that? >> i guess it would depend on the intelligence that you mean if -- if we didn't know anything more than we know now? >> yes. >> i don't think i would be in favor of impeaching him but i won't -- i would think that it would be an argument. >> okay. thank you. >> congressman. >> he just asked. yes, it would be an impeachable offense. i don't know. but, yeah, definitely impeachable offense. >> next question, please. >> my name is waley and i would like to ask about convention

there are some very fine people in the united states congress.sure of yet like nikki haley, the ambassador to the united nations. just one name. maybe there is somebody who can show some sort of sense of historic responsibility and perspective, who can begin to bind these wounds. it has to be in the core top republicans. they have to do theirjob, and to start thinking about themselves. they have to tidy the mess. i mean, they make me think, trump makes me think of petain, the darkest hour was france in the 20th century. the republican party members as well. they really need to do something. it's not the democrats, the democrats lost the election. i think we need to have an optimistic view of this. america has had a tremendous potential throughout its history to get itself into big trouble, but it's also shown tremendous potential to get itself out of trouble. i wish i shared your americanness! you've dared to end on a note of optimism, john, thank you! that's all we have time for this week. enjoy your summer breaks, if you're getting one! do join

attempted to get involved in our election and yet we can't put up strong sanctions bill in the united states congress and the house, that is wrong for all americans. and a threat toward democraticie institution. we should put it on the floor immediately. no excuse. >> host: republican say that resolutions to blue slip issue has been tied up because house democrats object the language that will prevent the minority proper party of raising disapproval of the white house decides to weaken it. >> this should be the same bill out of the senate, the exact same bill on the floor of the house. the same bill. don't change word. the same bill that was what a 9e floor of the house and let us vote on it. that could be done today. >> host: let's go to joan south carolina.comments morning and welcome. what is your question or comment? >> caller: good morning. f i have three different comments. first of all, i love c-span. because they let the american people : give their voice. second of all, on the russian investigation, think they should let investigators investigate and just let congress get on too do the ameri

founding fathers proud to make our citizens proud, and that can advance this idea that the united states congress can get something done in the united states of america. instead of partisan

ballistic missile firepower in response to the threat from its neighbor to the north the united states congress recently approved additional sanctions against north korea in a bill that also targets iran and russia human rights attorney eric can told us however that washington has not figured out how to deal with pyongyang. you know this is something that seems perp like saying to the administration or sometimes to people around the world but really we have not tried anything new he said we have been caught in this entire circle of militarism of one thread versus another and bolstering up what the us does not seem to get on an ongoing basis is the failure to engage talk it took hundreds of meetings to end the. korean i'm sorry that and the vietnam war it takes sitting and talking and a lot of effort to build relationship and rebuild after trust. that's the news for now stay in touch on the move by getting hold of the aussie apps for your mobile device your next update from me in the team here in moscow as in just over half an hour join me. as. the most get a little bit. of both i'm sure what. k

increase its ballistic missile in response to the perceived threat from its neighbor the united states congress recently approved additional sanctions against north korea to a bill that also targets around and russia human rights attorney eric surat kid told us though that washington's not really figured out how best to deal with pyongyang yet. this is something that seems like saying to the administration or sometimes to people around the world but really we have not tried anything new yet we have been caught in this entire circle of militarism of one thread versus another and bolstering up what the us does not seem to get on an ongoing basis is the failure to engage talk it took hundreds of meetings to end the. korean started it and the vietnam war it takes sitting and talking and a lot of effort to build a relationship and rebuild trust. now there's a thought we want to be a president even president seems to me time some time out to show if maybe the creative talent there for a sketch of the manhattan skyline by donald trump's been sold at auction to profit to five to twenty nine thousand do

its ballistic missile power in response to the perceived threat from its neighbor now the united states congressrecently approved additional sanctions against north korea in a bill that also targets a ran and russia human rights attorney eric serapion told us over that washington has not figured out how best to deal with pyongyang even now. you know this is something that seems like seeing to the administration or sometimes to people around the world but really we have not tried anything new yet we have been caught in this entire circle of militarism of one thread versus another and bolstering up what the us does not seem to get on an ongoing basis is the failure to engage talk it took hundreds of meetings to end the. korean started it and the vietnam war it takes sitting and talking and a lot of effort to build a relationship and rebuild the trust. president trump some to the tremendous medical costs when he recently banned transgender people from serving in the u.s. army but now he says callum open has been finding out there are many other areas where the military's budget is spent on known co

we held a joint governor/senator meeting on cybersecurity priorities and challenges of the united states congress. we had great group of governors to meet, governor sand value and i met with the leadership of the house and senate. we have implored the congress to have a cybersecurity committee. one does not exist today in the congress. it is spread among many different committees. and there is jurisdictional territories where people have not wanted to give up some of the jurisdiction. we once again as governors tall are call upon the congress to put together a national can committee to deal with the issue and put punning in so we can do our jobs. lastly we put together 18 documents that highlighted the recommendations and best practices of the national guard, cybersecurity response plans and workforce development. that you can all implement in your states starting today. you all have the documents in front of you. and they're maintained at the nga cyberresource page, nga .org. meet the trend this is the package all of you have. it has the latest data, what you need to do as a governor to make sur

we have already seen this week in the united states congress pushing through a bill which would include shipping industry and on forced labour inside north korea, basically trying to cut off the streams of funding which are thought to supply pyongyang's nuclear programme. as i say, what we're hearing tonight out of seoul is a desire by the president here for the un to take the lead, to try to get tougher sanctions and the big question there is whether both china, and more so whether russia, will sign up to security council resolutions that tighten those sanctions. karen, thank you very much. we will continue to monitor that for you. let's take a look at some of the other stories making the news. police in germany say a man armed with a knife has attacked people in a supermarket in the northern city of hamburg. police say one person was killed and four others injured. the suspect is now in detention, is a 26—year—old man born in the united arab emirates, though his nationality is unclear. the police say they have no clear idea of the motive and are not ruling anything out. the us governm

united states. it's important for congress to act definitively in a timely matter.my colleagues to pass the bill we sent over to them now and make it clear to russia we will not tolerate this type of interference in our elections or what they are doing in regards to the ukraine, georgia, or in syria. >> [indistinct question] >> i want the investigators to do their job. if a similar circumstance -- if we were to be approached by someone who wanted to give us information from a foreign government concerning our elections, that is something where i would involve law enforcement. >> first i want to salute the senator for his leadership role in passing the russian sanctions and an overwhelming bipartisan vote. the trump administration is trying to torpedo that sanction in the house of representatives. at the same time we get this email exchange today showing clear collaboration between the russian government and the trump campaign at the highest levels. the email is very clear, the russian government is weighing in to help elect donald trump. it means it is all the more

know not only what we're fighting against, they need to know what we are fighting for in the united states congress. [applause] and our democratic senators and house members have been traveling to every part and every corner of their states and their districts, they've been listening to the american people from cities to suburbs to rural areas, and we're all hearing the same thing. that too many americans are feeling squeezed. between flat or sinking paychecks on the one hand, and rising costs and prices on the other. too many people are working harder than ever but feel like they're on a treadmill or falling behind. and that's what brings us together today. it's not enough to just identify the problem. it's not enough to simply analyze and empathize. we have to put forward bold solutions. and that is exactly what the better deal plan is all about. and we are going to be unveiling the specifics of it because the american people deserve to hear what we intend to do, not only what we are talking about in general terms. and so i want to thank everybody who has been part of this effort which has been t

united states. let me address the other bill that is contained in this rule, the ndaa, national defense authorization act. for 56 straight years, the united states congress has come together to craft policies and recommendations for the united states armed forces and to put those policies into law under the authorizing statute for our military. without question, this bill is one of the most consequential and important items that congress undertakes each year. personally, i found objections to policies, and i have been fans of other policies contained in these bills while i am in congress, and i want to commend the work of the -- my colleagues, democratic and republican, who serve on the armed services committee for their important work on this legislation, so important for our national security. many of my colleagues on the armed services committee have served or do serve in our military. members of the committee are dedicated public servants. they're experts in their field. they travel and learn and hear from experts and they set aside many of their political differences to do what it takes to keep america safe and secure, something that republicans, de

congress is unmanageable, but the fact of the matter is, when there is an obvious threat to the united states, congress can get its act together a quick and to the extent that congress seems to be unmanageable, maybe the problem isn't the unmanageability of congress but the fact that is not clear that there is a vital american interest at stake. >> very good private school our first question. if you could just announce your name and give your question. >> my name is devon. my question is hypothetical to mr. mccarthy. if later today president trump were to go attack north korea without any kind of congressional authorization, would it be appropriate to impeach him for that? >> i guess it would depend on the intelligence you mean if we didn't know anything more than we know now. >> yes. >> i don't think i would be in favor of impeaching him, but i would think it would be a colorable argument. >> yes it would be a and impeachable offense. does that mean the decision should be made to impeach him, i don't know. but yes, it would be and impeachable offense. >> next question. >> i would like to ask about inf

reagan in one thousand nine hundred sixty one when medicare was being debated before the united states congress warning us that medicare and medicaid they can were passed as one bill that medicare if this is passed it will lead to socialism behind it will come other federal programs that will invade every area of freedom as we have known it in this country until one day as norman thomas said we will awake to find that we have socialism and if you don't do this and if i don't do it one of these days you and i are going to spend our sunset years telling our children and our children's children what it once was like in america when men were free what it wants you know dave i remember those days when men were free and nobody had health care. it wasn't a pair of eyes you know what what why don't why don't you know i don't mean to pick on you but you know you're you're the conservative conservative i get it. there are other to consider and i am older than i am older but you know as a a genuine question i mean i absolutely understand the philosophical underpinning of of you know that's not a role an a

why wouldn't everybody refuse to cooperate with the united states congress? is that the question? >> if they thought they could go to jail, yes. >> with or without the threat of going to jail, one would hope that citizens of this country respect the congress of the united states, to the extent of responding to legitimate questions that they may be asked. >> well i'm not suggesting that they should or shouldn't. i'm trying to understand in the real world counsel. you're telling me if you were senior counsel to the president of the united states and were you involved in a matter that the fbi was investigating -- let me finish my question. i'm just trying to understand practically, why anybody would come testify before us. >> well there's two pieces to that would i come? the answer is yes. it would be a matter of disrespect to the senate not to appear. when i got here, would i testify? that's a different question. and the answer to that question is, circumstances may be circumstances in which executive privilege would apply. that's what executive privilege is for, to protect certain c

select this senator did in 1929 this was the of lawful entry into new the united states so congress passed a new law the immigration act which covers allies to unmonitored entry in the entire purpose was to compel the mexican immigrants that we could control the number that came every year. >> many people had been doing for a generation and. >> again the fact of the stock-market to that have a thing to do with this? didn't the way it is enforced is to have some of the impact for the deed for those workers to lou implied to be imprisoned albee's charges. see you have these immigrants that our aggressive, negative arrested and prosecuted in the u.s. bureau of prisons has to establish three new prisons and the third is right here in in los angeles on that island. >> wife is dead end in 1965?. >> so writing a brief history in the rise of mass incarceration as say backlash to want to bring us up to that moment. where we could be studying this for many more years. it was frustration over unemployment and underemployment the way which labor unions made it difficult as they were refusing to hire a

somebody at the pentagon or and congress needs to talk to the president and talk him out of this nonsense. we are so heartened today to see some many republican united states senators issuing statements about how wrong this is. we hope someone can bring him to his senses. i am thankful to representative kennedy, leader policy, and all the members of congress who understand what a threat this is to our country, not just transgender people, but our country. the president of the united states this morning announced he is going 15,000 holes in our military readiness. thank you very much. [applause] >> i apologize. next, congressman jared polis. >> thank you. today because of president trump's announcement, america will be less safe. nearly 15,000 transgender individuals bravely serve in the military. rather being judged on their merits, ability, or need for them in the field are being judged simply on their gender identity and being removed from the military. is an assault on the military and reduces military readiness. it should be about defending our freedom, not a mechanism to deny freedom. transgender americans should be able to serve our nation wearing a

you seem to invite compassion but you are also attacking a system that was decided by the united states congress this into law. if you are saying all of these laws should be ignored. i'm giving the finger to the federal agents. we should blow them off. i want to know when as a christian i can do that? whenever my conscience is perfect? is it a buffet style deal, what are the rules? >> abide by the laws but when you feel like a higher law is being a principal -- dr. king saying when you feel the law is unjust, for me -- the law enforcement people all over the state gather to argue against this. i do not believe the purpose of this law in texas was to make americans safer. if that's true, i don't think sheriffs in the police from all of the state would have, and argued against it. >> tucker: i don't know, please don't get to make the laws in this country. lawmakers do. i don't think you will want to live in a country where police make the laws, do you? >> if it's -- >> tucker: of course, we are out of time. an interesting conversation, pastor. >> i agree this needs to be something -- you need to b

republicans use these contentious messages, these contentious messages in gaining control of the united states congress in the congressional election of 1994, too did donald trump employee a similar set of messages applied mainly to immigrants in his successful presidential campaign of 2016. but let me back to what i was saying about the good news and the bad news in the black community. and in order to keep things in proper perspective when talking about the relative gains of more privileged blacks, it is important not to overlook the continuing interracial disparities. for example, report from the center for economic and policy research reveals that before the great recession there was only a % difference in the recentyment gap between lack and white college graduates, age 22 to 27. 2013, shortly after the economic downturn, they gap gap hadthey gap -- the surged to a 7.5% difference. now, race is obviously a factor at play here because historically the syrians during at -- periods immediately after downturns have adversely impacted blacks other than whites, and the issues involving these comparisons